Sei parse verbs sezvo zvikamu kutaura. Zviratidzo rechiito sechikamu kutaura

Shoko rechiito - ndiwo mumwe anokosha zvikamu kutaura mutauro Russian, pakudzidza iyo chikoro zvidzidzo anopiwa guru yakawanda nguva. Izvi zvinonzwisisika, nokuti wenyaya chaizvoizvo zvikuru rinorema. Kana vana vake kudzidza kutsanangurira sei kuona chimiro, chitarisiko uye kukosha imwe shoko mumutsetse, uyewo sei kuti parse verbs sezvo zvikamu kutaura. kosi Russian mutauro achipfeka kujairirana muchikamu ichi mushure zvose aizviti kati. Uye izvi zvinoitwa kwete tsaona, nokuti kusiyana emazita, adjectives uye sezviverengo, rechiito conjugation ari muchimiro, izvo zvinoreva kuti morphological zvechadenga zvikamu kutaura zviri vangasimudzira vakasiyana nemamwe mashoko uye zvirevo.

Shoko sezvo mukukurukurirana: rechiito

Definition of rechiito, kudare iri mabhuku, anoenda chinhu chakadai: ndiko chikamu kutaura kuti inopindura mibvunzo, chichiratidza chiito, uye zvinogona kwakunoitwa (kurwara), pfuma (ndandama), chiratidzo (svibirika) uye pamusoro (godo). The kutanga rechiito, kuti anopindura mubvunzo "zvokuita" uye "chii kuita", anonzi kuitika chokuti, kana kuitika chokuti chimiro, izvo zvinogona kuva mutongo nechinhu nhengo dzayo.

Somuenzaniso: kunzwisisa (nyaya) - zvinoreva kunzwa; kuva (Predicate) mvura; Friends akakumbira kuti imbai (Akave nokuvandudza); iye akaenda kufamba (ezvinhu).

Topic chikamu, nyaya sei parse verbs sezvo zvikamu kutaura, vana vanotanga kudzidza kare mugiredhi 4th, uye mumakore akatevera, kudzokera nayo kakawanda. Zvisinei, usati kusvetukira zvakananga rechiito kuongorora vanofanira kuongorora zviratidzo zvayo. Izvi ndizvo huchakurukurwa.

Permanent zviratidzo rechiito

Chimwe chinokosha chikamu chino kutaura kuti mashoko ose nechokuita kunogona kuva zvechigarire uye kwete zvechigarire features, iyo kudzidza kunodikanwa kuitira kuti kuti chikamu kutaura rechiito. Aimbova dzinosanganisira:

• Kuva chimiro. Kana muitiro kana kuti chiito yakarondedzerwa rechiito, akapedza panguva, kana anoratidza kuti zvichava vakadaro - ndiyo akatarira wakakwana. Somuenzaniso: kuruboshwe, uyai, nyora, verenga, vanoti. Uye kana shoko hazvirevi achaupedzisa, ndiye asina kukwana rechiito. Somuenzaniso: ndinorarama richiswedera, achinyora.
• Transitive uye intransitive. Kusiyana izvi zvivakamutauro zvinhu zvinowanikwa kana uchishandisa rokuti chisazita rechiito kana pazita. Transitive verbs zvinogona kushandiswa pasina Zvireva mwene kune nominative zvikamu rwokutaura accusative, uye kana akaramba - mune genitive nyaya. Uye kana intransitive siyana chikonzero kuvapo linked mashoko - a chinodiwa. Somuenzaniso: kuverenga tsamba, handina kuverenga nyaya, kuvaka imba, kukura kubva mumba, urombo nevamwe, nekungwarira nguva.
• Reflexivity. Dudzira chikamu ichi chiri nyore, sezvo mutemo, mashoko ose aya mhando kuguma muna -s kana Xia. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti unhu uhwu hunoratidza kuti shoko rechiito iri intransitive. Somuenzaniso: hanzvadzi yangu akaseka, zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura, kunamatira zvaunodya.
• Conjugation - ichi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha unhu, izvo zvinobatanidzwa paumbwe mashoko uye iri kuchinja rechiito iri nhamba uye munhu. Kuongorora uye kusimbisa nyaya iri kosi pachikoro mutauro Russian anopiwa yakawanda, uye kukwanisa zvakarurama kuziva conjugation rechiito kunoenderana unhu chiperengo. Zvisinei, nyika yose nyaya inogona akanyorwa pfupiso imwe duku. Saka, wokutanga Conjugation zvinosanganisira verbs vose harinzwi -esh, -em, -Eks, -ete, weddill, -yut, uye yechipiri - vachipedzisira -ish, -im, -um, -ite, -AT, -yat. Kuziva conjugation rechiito kuchinjwa nomunhu uye kutevera shanduko pakupedzisira.

Little kana pasina zviratidzo rechiito

Zvinoitwa zvezviratidzo izvi nhema muzita ravo, uye vari zvakare chinokosha kudzidza sei nekukatanura verbs sezvo zvikamu kutaura. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu itibatsire risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi:

• Mafungiro. Chimiro ichi chinhu chinoratidza ukama chiito nguva chaiyo. Kune zvitatu siyana manzwiro: anoratidza (the chiito kunoitika ikozvino), zvimiso (zvinoitwa chete achida) uye zvinokosha (matanho pazvinobvira apo zvimwe zvinoitika).
• Nguva uye musi. In mutauro wokuRussia pane kare, zvanhasi uye nezveramangwana tya verbs. Kazhinji, tsanangudzo zvivakamutauro chikabviswa zvinetso, uyewo kutsunga vakawanda kana yakazonaka.
• B. Kufanana zvose zvinoshamisa mukukurukurirana, verbs anogona siyana nokuda munhurume, maererano neshoko inorondedzera munhu, izvo chokuita chiito.

Sei parse verbs sezvo zvikamu kutaura

Kuti apa unhu uye zvinofanira kuverengerwa mukati ari morphological kuongorora rechiito, rakatarira kufanana urongwa sezvinotevera:

1. Kutaridzwa zita zvikamu kutaura.
2. Kuona kutanga chimiro.
3. Tsanangurai munhu kuramba kuchiitwa rechiito sechikamu pakutaura, chitarisiko, reflexivity, transitivity, conjugation.
4. Kunan'anura non-zvachose zviratidzo: zvaidiwa, nguva, munhu, uye vakadzi (kana) uye nhamba.
5. Nekukatanura mutongo umo rechiito rakashandiswa uye kuona kwayo basa, ndiko kuratidza sei iye nhengo.

Mienzaniso parsing rechiito mukukurukurirana sechinhu

Kusimbisa kudzidzwa (morphological chokuita nemamiriro rechiito) zvidzidzo akapa zvakawanda parses akapiwa chikamu kutaura maererano zano pamusoro apa. With panosvikira vana vakadaro vanodzidziswa kuronga ruzivo uye anoshanda navo zvakanaka, uye zvakare kudzokorora nenzira chaiyo kuongorora zvose zviratidzo imwe mukukurukurirana.

Somuenzaniso, funga zvinotevera mutongo: "In kudenga zuva chinopenya."

1. Light - rechiito.
2. The kwokutanga fomu - chivheneke.
3. Imperfective verbs, asiri refundable, zvinopfuura, kushandiswa rechipiri conjugation.
4. Zuva riri kupenya - the chiito kunoitika munguva chaiyo, izvo zvinoreva kuti ndicho INDICATIVE rechiito, iro rinoshandiswa kureva ari munhu wechitatu, uye neuter.
5. On - kupembedza denga - mamiriro ezvinhu zvakajeka - chokwadi rikasabuda - Predicate, zuva - nyaya.

Kuongororwa Kuronga rechiito

No kukosha ndiyo nyaya: "Morphemic parsing mashoko". Izvi zvinorevei uye sei kuti mashoko ari murwiyo? Rechiito, kufanana mashoko ose, ndiye mukuru chikamu, pahwaro izvo dzimwe mhando vari aumba. Ndeimwe ichi pasina mugumo, izvo rokuti ari rectangle, yainzi nechigadziko uye kunokosha tsanangudzo lexical zvaanoreva. Kana parsing yaiungana chikomboredzo runotaurwa neshoko.

Zvichitevera kusunungurwa hwaro suffix - morpheme, iyo rinobatanidzwa Kunyange zvazvo kwakabva chimiro-inotungamirwa uye chete-mudzi mashoko. Tsamba zvinoratidzwa upward angled yacho chakaderedzwa mutengo.

Nokuti verbs ari INDICATIVE zvimiso kutorarama zvatoitika iri dzinoratidzwa razero suffix kana -l-. Somuenzaniso: Ndakaverenga - kuverenga, akatakurwa - vaizobereka.

Kuitika chokuti chimiro achiumbwa nokuwedzera kuti suffix -t- uye -ti-, asi chikoro kwakarongwa, morphemes aya sevanhu apedza. Somuenzaniso: hope - hope uye kuponeswa - vagoponeswa.

Kunyaradzai - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikamu shoko, iro pakutanga inomira uye paChikoro nokuumbwa itsva izwi siyana. Schematically zvinoratidzwa ane inverted tsamba G.

Mudzi - a fanira uye chinokosha, izvozvo akapedzisa lexical zvinoreva uye anobatanidza zvose cognate zvinoriumba mashoko. Hakuna chimwe akazvimirira lexical Unit, izvo zvaizoita vasina morpheme ichi, vachiri zvakajairika kushandiswa pasina zvimwe zvinhu. Mudzi uri tsamba inoratidza chinhu chakakombama.

Morphemic parsing mitemo

Mubvunzo sei kuti parse rechiito iri Zvinoumba mubereko vadzidzi vazhinji. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvizhinji kutaura, asi zviri nani kuratidza uchidzidzira. Asi kutanga, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuitika chokuti verbs uye akazvisunga rume, kushandiswa zvatoitika uye Zvimiso nerongo, hakuperi. Uyewo verbs izvi havana suffix.

Morphemic parsing verbs, uyewo mamwe mashoko, kunze maererano zvinotevera zano:

1. Kutsunga zvikamu kutaura.
2. Kusurukirwa kuchipera tsanangudzo zvainonyatsoreva.
3. Pakusarudza chete-mudzi mashoko uye kutsunga mudzi.
4. Hurumende ichiisa prefixes uye suffixes.
5. Kutsunga hwaro rwokutaura, akagumisa lexical zvaanoreva.

Ita mashoko murwiyo

Kusimbisa mashoko anofanira namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara mashoko mashomanana ari Zvinoumba muenzaniso uyu: kutambura - kutanga chimiro kutambura. Ichi chinhu kukwana rechiito kupera -Eks, izvo zvinoratidza ino nguva, munhu wechitatu, yakazonaka. Hwaro shoko - Strada - suffix - a -. Cognate mashoko: kutambura, kutambura, kutambura. Mudzi - Strahd zvichibvira yaitsiva chetsamba "d" kuti "g". Shoko iri harina chivakashure.