Live uye inactivated yokudzivirira. Inactivated poriyo mushonga: instructions, matambudziko. Inactivated mushonga - zviri ...

A mushonga (inactivated), - mumwe mushonga zvinosanganisira nemavhairasi nezvimedu dzabudapo netsika, izvo vakaparadzwa nenzira chafariz kurapwa uye Zvakaitwa sero chepfu (formaldehyde). nemavhairasi akadaro cultured ari yezvirwere ezvinhu kuitira kuderedza antigenicity uye vanoonekwa non-chirwere (vasingakwanisi zvakatsamwisa chirwere). Vakaurayiwa yokudzivirira akasiyana kugona duku zvikuru achienzaniswa kurarama, asi pane yechipiri Kutarisirwa fomu kutapata nokururamisira simba.

Sezvo takagadzirira mushonga

Kusika navo, ave mutemo, akashandisa epizootic pfini nemavhairasi, izvo pasi yokuzvinatsa neusimbe (inactivation), zvichiita kuti irreparable kurasikirwa utachiona susceptibility zvichiberekana (kutevedzera), asi panguva imwe chete kuchengeterwa yaro immunogenic uye antigenic maitiro. Saka, zvinofanira kuurayiwa nucleic asidhi (nemavhairasi genome), iro unotora mushonga (inactivated) - iri mhoteredzo nayo Kunowedzera zvakanaka.

Uyewo, hazvifaniri kuchinjwa polysaccharides, mapuroteni uye glycoproteins kweutachiwana, nokuti kuzvidzivirira maitiro kunoenderana pafuma utachiona capsid. Somugumisiro, anorasikirwa kukwanisa bereka uye utachiona, asi anoramba aikanganiswa activation muvanhu nemhuka mifananidzo zvinhu zviri kutapata.

Mabikirwo gadzira ane medicament

Kuunza inactivated mushonga rinotanga kusarudzwa pagadzirwe tisawirirane kweutachiwana, tsika, uye ayo kuunganidza iri inoshanda utachiona hurongwa (muchitokisi tsika, mhuka, mazai aya shiri). Ipapo utachiwana tubhokisi feedstock iri pasi yokuzvinatsa uye kusanganisa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana (ultra- centrifugation, filtration, etc.).

A mushonga (inactivated) - iri uyewo nemhaka saturation, nemavhairasi kuchenesa nevamiririri. Izvi ndizvo pfungwa inokosha zvikuru, nokuti vakaparadza utachiona asingagari kupararira mumuviri, uye kuti simba kuzvidzivirira maitiro Zvakakosha kuisa yakawanda nemavhairasi zvinhu. Virus kuturika kuti kupatsanurwa kubva kutsigisa igwa zvinhu (lipids residues cellular zvivako, non-nemavhairasi mapuroteni), izvo kutakura imwe mutoro pamusoro muviri kutapata uye zvikuru kuderedza uye hunhu anodzivirira mhinduro.

Vawana mushure saturation uye wokunatswa utachiona-tune kuturika iri pasi inactivation. Kana kunyanya zvechisimba utachiona inactivation kurapwa kunotangira chiito. Kana zvinodikanwa funga kuti kutsigisa igwa zvinhu kuvhiringidza chirongwa inactivation.

Kana yokuSpain mushonga unoitwa (inactivated) Somuenzaniso, pfungwa inokosha zvikuru ndiyo rakasanangurwa pakati inactivator uye inactivation kunoitwa yakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichiita kuti chose kuramba transmissibility kweutachiwana nepfungwa mari antigenicity. Asi magadzirirwo inactivating siyana havaratidzi vakadzidza, uye kushandisa kwavo kazhinji experimental.

Properties ose inactivated yokudzivirira

Nokuti kudzivirira nemavhairasi zvirwere akanaka kushandiswa inactivated yokudzivirira, vane akawanda kupfuura kurarama. Wandei kudiwa negoho - ndirwo runonyanya uye uwandu nemavhairasi antigen, kusarudzwa yakakodzera inactivator uye inactivation ezvinhu. Shoko rokuti "inactivated" anoreva nemavhairasi upenyu kuva zvinodhaka mhinduro.

Live uye inactivated yokudzivirira vari kunyanya kumorwa kubva virulent nemavhairasi nokuparadza mumuviri makemikari toxicity apo ukaramba immunogenicity ne. zvinodhaka izvi zvinofanira haukuvadzi uye kuti akawanda nemavhairasi antigen kutsamwisa munhu apindure achizvidzivirira uye antibody kugadzirwa. Zvatinosiita nzira chikuru kubaya jekiseni iri 2-3. Mune ramangwana, ungafanira booster kwepfuti kutsigira zvirwere.

Chii vane zvainovhiringidzawo

Inactivated yokudzivirira vane kuwedzera unhu kuchinja, asi kuti ivo ndivo akachengeteka. Ivo anoshandiswa zvikurukuru kuti chinangwa muzvidzivirire pakuburitswa uye ngozi munzvimbo. Zvisinei, zvakasiyana mishonga iyi vamwe minuses:

• mabikirwo gadzira kwavo kwakatooma zvikuru, uye izvi imhaka kudiwa mvumo zvokutora utachiwana tubhokisi feedstock saturation antigen rokutsvaira inactivation pamusoro nemavhairasi genome, uyewo kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa nemamiriro mushonga adjuvants;
• dzimwe nguva kukonzera neutachiona zvinobva booster majekiseni;
• unofanira baya jekiseni kanopfuura kamwe uye makuru mishonga;
• mushonga (inactivated) - iri simba stimulator muviri dziviriro, nokuda izvi kurwisa ari zvomudumbu turakiti mucous membranes uye okumusoro ndima kufema ngavauye asingasviki pashure kushandiswa yokudzivirira mhenyu;
• vanogona kushandiswa chete parenterally;
• zvinodhaka kukwana kunyengedza refu uye zvikuru kutapata kupfuura majekiseni mhenyu.

Chii poriyo uye sei chinoratidza pacharo?

Poliomyelitis chinhu chakasimba nemavhairasi chirwere kuti anorwisa tsinga (musana Hauoneki fuma). Tanga kuoneka flaccid muviri, kunyanya repasi wamativi. More kwazvo zviitiko musana maronda dzinotungamirira kune kufema kusungwa. Uye pano une inactivated poriyo mushonga havagoni kubatsira.

Akaora, chirwere ichi angaperekedzwa kuwedzera tembiricha, tsandanyama uye musoro pamwe mberi paumbwe kutadza kufamba. Kurwara iri chinopfuudzwa kubva mumwe munhu kune imwe kupfurikidza sneezing, kukurukura kuburikidza nemvura, tsvina zvinhu, uyewo zvokudya. The mhaka chirwere vanoonekwa kuti kurwara. Utachiona rinopararira nokukurumidza, asi kubvuma kuti ichi chaiva poriyo kunoitika kana parumananzombe yatova nyaya rutivi rwomuviri rokutanga.

Time kubvira pakutanga incubation chirwere zvirwere pamberi pakuonekwa rokutanga zviratidzo runogara vhiki 1-2 zvingakonzerwawo kubvira 4 kusvika 40 mazuva. Utachiona anopinda muviri kuburikidza mucous membranes ari paura kana nasopharynx, akatunhidzwa ipapo, uye ipapo kupinda muropa, kusvika musana etsinga, pfungwa masero uye kuvaparadza. Saka, pane dzomuviri.

Vaccination kuzorwa poriyo vana

Tapota ziva kuti hosha iri chaikonzerwa noutachiona uye rinokosha vaitire, bata chete nemavhairasi izvi havapo. mishonga inoshanda chete kudzivirira chirwere - ndiko kubaya.

Kudzivirira poriyo, rinoreva maviri anoshandiswa:

• Inactivated Poriyo Vaccine (IPV), iro rine chirwere akafa uye mhuka mhando nemavhairasi vakasuma pachishandiswa majekiseni;
• mhenyu zvokuudzwa poriyo mushonga (OPV), iro rine simba dzakachinjwa nemavhairasi mhenyu (mvura akadonhawo mumuromo).

zvigadzirwa izvi pamusana 3 mhando poriyo utachiona, kureva kudzivirira kurwisa iripo nzira dzose dzakapiwa hweHIV. Zvisinei, hazvina kubudiswa muRussia poriyo mushonga, asi pane dzimwe mushonga "Imovaks Poriyo", unonyatsokodzera kusonanidzwa. Uyewo, inactivated poriyo mushonga kunoreva dziri "Tetrakok" (unobatanidza medicament yokudzivisa pertussis, diphtheria uye tetenasi). Vose mari idzi dzinoshandiswa pasina kutyora mitemo zvokutengeserana uye nevabereki vavo. yokudzivirira kwakadaro kunogona kupiwa panguva imwe chete immunoglobulin.

Inactivated poriyo mushonga: mirayiridzo

A kusiyana kwezvinodhaka dzakadaro anogadzirwa mvura chimiro, kavha ari sirinji dispenser kuti 0.5 Rine mamiririta. Route chourongwa - jekiseni. Kuti vacheche kusvikira mwedzi 18 jekiseni kunoitwa subcutaneously mune undercut iri pamapfudzi kana chidya intramuscularly. Vana vakura - chete papfudzi nharaunda. Hapana contraindications noruremekedzo kuti nguva uye zvokunwa mabiko, hapana zvokudya.

Zvinoitika pamuviri

Pashure pakatanga poriyo mushonga nhomba pa 5-8% inogona kuchengetwa vemo siyana (ichi haisi dambudziko kusonanidzwa) sezvo akatsvuka uye edema, hapana anopfuura 10 masendimita ari dhayamita. Chete muna 1-5% nyaya aonekwa zvakafanana vaccinal siyana sezvo kwekanguva duku kuwedzera kupisa, asi manzwiro mwana mazuva 1-2 mushure kubaya.

Drug "Imovaks Poriyo"

chokushandisa ichi rave zvinobudirira kushandiswa Russia. Vaccinate vaneta, kunyange vana vane zvirwere nemudumbu. Uyezve, mashoko poriyo mushonga (inactivated) rakakamurwa 4 zvokukura jekiseni: 3, 4, uye 6 mwedzi. The 18 ari booster.

Ndibatanidzwe mwana haisi kuonekwa chirwere kune vamwe. Zvisinei, zvinokurudzirwa kuti kuderedza kuvapo kwayo munzvimbo muvhiki pashure kubaya, nokuti mwana simba utachiona anogona kutapura imwe chirwere. The jekiseni yakaitwa muna pechidya kana ruoko. Akatsvuka nharaunda kutarisira "Imovaksa" romuzvarirwo, uye tembiricha nokuda kubaya kunogona kusvika madhigirii 39 uye yakakwirira.

Inactivated poriyo mushonga: zvinozouya

Akagadzawo vamwe matambudziko anowanikwa pashure kubaya ne mishonga yakaoma "Infanrix Hexa", "Pentaxim", "Infanrix IPV", "Tetrakok":

• otitis nhau;
• simba;
• ndichinzwa zino uye stomatitis;
• kuzvimba node nodes;
• kufunganya;
• itchy ganda upundu;
• anaphylactic kugwinha;
• inorwadza nezvekufadza uye induration panguva jekiseni mapazi;
• hope mabongozozo;
• zvirwere vaikudzwa kufema turakiti;
• Fivha zvikwiriso zvayo kurwadza kwacho;
• Angioedema;
• svoto;
• manyoka;
• kurutsa;
• kujairika achidanidzira;
• kuwedzera tembiricha muviri.

Kazhinji pane matambudziko, uye anowedzera mutoro pamusoro mwana dziviriro hurongwa, kana ari mashoko mushonga poriyo uye DTP. The zvinogona kuonekwa nezvaaitaura madonhwe uye pertussis-tetenasi mari.

Contraindications

Poriyo mushonga - ichi hachisi mushonga chimbwamupengo netsika (inactivated), yakaitwa kubva mhuka chimbwamupengo. Izvi kuchikonzerwa mushonga, kudzivirira mwana kubva mberi rutivi rwomuviri uye pamwewo rufu. Just asati kubaya kunokosha kushanyira chiremba kutora mirayiridzo yake vakawanda kuongorora weti uye ropa, uye ipapo kudziisa yezvokurapa kiriniki. Pachishandiswa Analyses kwaitwa rokuongorora uye mwana chiremba vachakuudza kana aigona kugadzira mushonga kwechinguva chiduku. Nokuti kubaya kurambidzwa dzinosanganisira:

1. Kuparadzwa.
2. Zvakakomba chirwere kana exacerbation echirwere.
3. teething.
4. Immunodeficiency (kuderera kwenhamba leukocytes).
5. Hypersensitivity kune zvokubikisa.
6. Chenjera anogumbura maitiro kana chikamu chacho exacerbation.
7. Neoplasms of hematopoietic uye lymphoid tishu.

Pashure kutambura nechirwere chakakomba kana ayo kusembura kuti mushonga mwana wako anogona kuva kwokutanga pane mazuva 14 kubva musi ropa mushonga panguva dzekudya prices. Zvakafanana contraindications mune zviitiko apo utano hwomwana, asi zvirwere utachiona nomumwe mumhuri. Somugumisiro zvinodhaka Kutarisirwa (uye izvo inactivated yokudzivirira - chokwadi anozivikanwa vose) vacheche vanoda vhiki kumisa kunyora inotevera dzichifura.

Care zvinofanira kutorwa

Vanhu vasina nhomba pamusoro poriyo (pasinei nezera) kutambura pamwe immunodeficiency kwevanorwara kubva nhomba vana uye vachirwara poliomyelitis mushonga-chokuita (VAP). Pane zviitiko apo mwana utachiona kubva vabereki nhomba vane AIDS kana HIV, uyewo hama pamwe kwokutanga immunosuppression kana vaya zvinodhaka kuti kuparadza muviri paaizvidzivirira maitiro (nokuti pakurapa oncological zvirwere).

The mushonga pamusoro zvirwere zvakadai poriyo, kana zvoitwa nemazvo uye nemitemo zvose, achabatsira kusimba mwana kudzivisa ngozi uye nechirwere chakakomba. Uye, naizvozvo, achaita mwana akasimba, akaomesa muviri wake uye kuchengetedza vabereki kubva ruzhinji zvinetso manzwiro, izvo kazhinji kutsungirira mwana anorwara zvikuru mhuri.