Properties uye maumbirwo gasi, mvura uye zvinhu zvakaoma

All nyaya asiri mupenyu ine nezvimedu vane maitiro zvingasiyana. Maumbirwo gaseous, mvura uye nezvishoma ine maitiro ayo. The inoramba iri nezvishoma dzinoitwa pamwechete, nokuti dziri akatibvunzisisa kune mumwe, unoita kuti yakasimba chaizvo. Mukuwedzera, vanogona kuchengeta imwe chimiro, sezvo nezvimedu yavo duku chaizvo haifambi, uye chete kuzunguza tsandanyama. The mamorekuru mu mvura vari pedyo zvikuru mumwe, asi vakasununguka kutamira, saka chimiro yavo, havana. The inoramba iri magasi kufamba nokukurumidza vakavapoteredza, somunhu ushe, yakawanda muchadenga, icho chinoreva rokuona yavo nyore.

Properties uye Structure nezvishoma

Chii marongerwo uye zvaidiwa mamiriro nezvishoma? Zvinosanganisira nezvimedu izvo pedyo chaizvo kune mumwe. Havagoni kufamba, uye saka chimiro chavo wakasimba. Ndezvipi ehupfumi munhu hwakasimba? It haadzokeri, asi kana zviri pakutsamwisana vhoriyamu ayo kuchawedzera muwanze tembiricha. Izvi imhaka yokuti nezvimedu dzinotanga kuzunguza tsandanyama uye kutama, zvinoita kuti vasanyanye arambe achirema.

Mumwe zviri nezvishoma ndechokuti vane yakamisirwa chimiro. Kana chikukutu ndechevakura pakutsamwisana avhareji velocity kuti inofamba pakati nezvimedu anowedzera. nezvimedu nokukurumidza kubvongodzwa dhumhana zvakawanda nesimba, achiita mumwe PARTICIPLE kusunda vavakidzani vavo. Somugumisiro, tembiricha kuwedzera kazhinji zvinoguma nesimba yakakwirira muviri.

Crystal mamiriro nezvishoma

Intermolecular simba pakati pedyo mamorekuru ane chakasimba nesimba rokubata navo yakatarwa chinzvimbo. Kana nezvimedu zviduku izvi vari paungano zvikuru akarayira, zvivako izvi dzinonzi crystalline. Issues womukati arayira kuti inoramba (maatomu, ions, mamorekuru) ari chinhu kana mukomboni iri yaita sayenzi chairo - crystallography.

Makemikari sechivako muviri hwakasimba zvakare kufarira. By kudzidza maitiro nezvimedu, sei kushanda, mishonga anogona kutsanangura uye kufanoona sei zvimwe zvinhu achazvikudza pasi zvimwe ezvinhu. Duku tudonhwe muviri hwakasimba vanosarudzirwa mune yekamuri. Izvi vanonzi urongwa dzose pamusoro nezvimedu, apo zvikuru riri reDare siyana namakemikari zvisungo pakati pavo.

Band dzidziso vanachandagwinyira muviri mamiriro kufunga yakasimba sechinhu uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. maatomu, nerimwe izvo rine neerekitironi maerekitironi. The crystalline nemamiriro musimboti maatomu vari yekamuri nokusunungura mapfundo, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva imwe spatial maitikiro.

Chii maumbirwo mvura?

Chimiro nezvishoma uye mvura akafanana pakuti tudonhwe zvavanopa vanoumbwa vari yepedyo kure. Musiyano ndechokuti mamorekuru ose nemvura zvinhu kufamba zvakasununguka, sezvo simba kukwezvana pakati pavo iri kudzikira zvikuru kupfuura zvinhu zvakaoma.

Ko, zvino, zvivako nemvura? Chekutanga, fluidity ichi, chepiri nemvura mugaba achatora mufananidzo nayo anoiswa. Kana vamutswa moyo vhoriyamu kuchawedzera. Nokuda napedyo ari nezvimedu nomumwe mvura haagoni compressed.

Chii nemamiriro uye maumbirwo gaseous miviri?

The gasi nezvimedu vanosarudzirwa pavaidira, vari kure nakure kuti pakati pavo havagoni kuva anokwezva simba. Zvakaita nzvimbo yacho gasi uye gaseous miviri chii chivako? Kazhinji, gasi iri noruvara anozadza nzvimbo yose umo yakaiswa. Zvinonzi nyore compressed. The mwero gaseous tudonhwe muviri inowedzera muwanze tembiricha. Saizvozvo panewo kuwedzera kumanikidza.

Maumbirwo gaseous, mvura uye zvinhu zvakaoma kunoratidzwa dzakasiyana madaro pakati miniti tudonhwe izvi zvinhu. The gasi nezvimedu vari zvikuru mberi kunze kupfuura yakasimba kana mvura mamiriro. In mhepo Somuenzaniso, paavhareji kure pakati inoramba iri anenge kagumi ari dhayamita nerimwe PARTICIPLE. Saka, uwandu mamorekuru Tinongoda anenge 0.1% yose inowanwa. The yasara 99.9% ndiyo isina chinhu. Kusiyana Urume nezvimedu kuzadza vanenge 70% of zvachose vhoriyamu emura.

Mumwe gasi PARTICIPLE runoita pachena pamwe munhu rectilinear nzira kusvikira hazvina dhumhana nomumwe PARTICIPLE (gasi, mvura kana yakasimba). The nezvimedu Kazhinji kufamba makasimba zvakakwana, uye pashure vaviri dhumhana, ivo kujaira kana baba namai kure nomumwe uye mberi norwendo rwavo chete. kwemotokari aya kuchinja mirayiridzo uye nokukurumidza. ehupfumi izvi kubvumira gasi nezvimedu magasi vawedzere kuzadza chero chimiro kana vhoriyamu.

shanduko mumamiriro ezvinhu

Maumbirwo gaseous, mvura uye zvinhu zvakaoma ingasiyana kana zvimwe kunze simba rinobva pamusoro pavo. Vanogona kunyange kupinda mamiriro mumwe pasi zvimwe zvinhu, somuenzaniso panguva muchidziisa kana kutonhora.

• Kubvunda. Pasi pokudzora mukuru kwazvo tembiricha rakarongeka yakarongeka collapses, uye yakasimba rova mvura. The nezvimedu zvichiri chiri pedyo nepedyo, asi pane zvakawanda nzvimbo pakati pavo. Saka, kana yakasimba ikanyauka, zvinowanzoda anowedzera kuti vazadze vhoriyamu zvishoma richingokura. rusununguko urwu rwokufamba ambotirega Somuenzaniso, kupa zvimwe zvigadzirwa emura simbi.

• Kusimuka kwemvura. Marongerwo uye zvivako emura mitumbi kuvatendera pasi zvimwe zvinhu, kutamira chirwere zvachose. Somuenzaniso, netsaona rakadeuka peturu pane gasi chiteshi motokari, unogona kunzwa kwayo unopinza kunhuwa nokukurumidza vakanaka. Izvi zvinoitika sei? The nezvimedu kufamba mhiri fluid zvichiguma zvimwe chikamu vavo kunosvika pemvura. kutungamirira kwavo kunogona kuita mamorekuru izvi kunze pemvura iri nzvimbo pamusoro mvura, asi kukwezvana achava muvakweve shure. Ukuwo, kana PARTICIPLE ichifamba nokukurumidza, zvinogona kutyora kubva mumwe pachine kure. Saka kuwedzera velocity pamusoro nezvimedu, kunoitika kakawanda kacho kudziyisa, kuti kwemvura muitiro kunoitika, i.e. kutendeuka emura kuti gasi.

The Maitiro miviri dzakasiyana chaiko inoti

Sechivako magasi, mvura, zvinhu zvakaoma kunyanya nokuti kuti izvi zvinhu ine maatomu, mamorekuru kana ions, asi maitiro nezvimedu izvi angava akasiyana chaizvo. The gasi nezvimedu runobva netsika munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva kubva mumwe, nemvura mamorekuru pedyo nepedyo, asi havana nokuramba wakaomerera panzira muronga yakasimba. The gasi nezvimedu vari parinozunguzwa uye kutamira panguva pamatunhu aimhanya. Maatomu uye mamorekuru nemvura zununguka, kufamba uye Vaiisa yapfuura mumwe. nezvimedu chakasimba muviri kunogonawo kuzunguza tsandanyama, asi sangano sezvo vakadaro, hakusi yaingowanikwa kwavari.

Zvakakurukurwa dzomunyika mamiriro

Kuti tinzwisise maitiro yacho, tinofanira kutanga kuongorora zvinhu zvayo womukati mamiriro. Ndezvipi dzomunyika kusiyana pakati girenayiti, mafuta omuorivhi nehelium vari chibharuma? A muenzaniso mamiriro mano kuchakubatsira kuwana mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu.

The womuenzaniso itsanangudzo shanduro imwe chinhu chaicho kana fuma. Somuenzaniso, asati yakananga pakuvaka kunotanga, ezvivako kutanga yakagadzirirwa muenzaniso chokuvaka. Uyu wokuenzanisira Yokudzidza hakurevi hako kuti unenge tsanangudzo yakarurama, asi panguva imwe chete, zvinogona kupa ine pfungwa zvichaita kuratidza mumwe kana mumwe chivako.

Yokudzidza Modèles

In sainzi Zvisinei, mienzaniso havasi kushumira nomuviri. Over yokupedzisira remakore pakanga kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwevanhu rwomuviri nyika. Zvisinei, zvakawanda ruzivo vaunganidza ruzivo kunobva pfungwa chinhu chakaoma kunzwisisa, zvakadai akarongeka, zvemakemikari uye mumuviri Masvomhu. Kuti tinzwisise izvi zvose, unofanira zvakakwana zvakanaka musimbiswe izvi zvinonyatsochengeta uye kunzwisisa nesayenzi. Masayendisiti zvakagadzira muenzaniso itsanangudzo kufungidzira, tsanangura uye kufanotaura chaiko mananara. izvi zvose yekudyidzana nyore kunzwisisa nei vamwe mitumbi vane kugara chimiro uye vhoriyamu pane imwe tembiricha, uye vamwe vanogona kuchinja uye zvichingodaro.

nyaya All rinoumbwa duku inoramba. nezvimedu Ava kugara zvitange. Bhuku motokari chokuita tembiricha. tembiricha yakawedzera rinoratidza kuwedzera nokukurumidza. Maumbirwo gaseous, mvura uye zvinhu zvakaoma akasiyana rusununguko rwokufamba pakati nezvimedu, uyewo sei kunyatsotevera zvacho vari vakwezvane. Physical ehupfumi of fuma kuvimba mumuviri ayo mamiriro. Water mhute, mvura uye chando zvakafanana zvemakemikari ehupfumi asi muviri wavo ehupfumi yakasiyana.