Vhorumu chiyero. Russian vhoriyamu chiyero. Old nechiyero vanokwanisa

Mumutauro nevechiduku mazuva ano shoko "stopudovo" zvichiratidza wakakwana zvakarurama, chivimbo uye kunonyanyisa kushanda. Ndiko "mapaundi zana" - izvi chinonyanya mwero bhuku, kana mazwi vari uremu yakadaro? Vangani kuzviita - a Peck, kana munhu anoziva kushandiswa shoko?

Peck yomunyu maviri

Uku chiyero hwekare Vhoriyamu hombe zvigadzirwa akaenzana mana pounds, makirogiramu, zviri zvishoma kupfuura gumi nezvitanhatu, kuva zvinonyatsochengeta - 16,38 makirogiramu nemitemo vanhasi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zita rinobva rechiLatin pondus, izvo zvinoreva kuti "uremu." pakutanga Poods akayera uchi, furawa uye munyu sendarama kumhanya zvinhu, asi pashure ichi chipimo vhoriyamu kupararira zvose zvakaoma uye inorema zvigadzirwa.

Panguva ino shoko rokuti "puds" zvichengeteke chete heavyweight Vamhanyi zimbabwe kettlebell gumi makirogiramu uye anonzi - ".-Mana paundi uremu"

In pud ichi haina vaiona guru kwazvo kwazvo uremu - pondo gumi kuenda mugomba Wholesale nechiyero itsva: berkovets, ane zita rakabva kuchitsuwa Björk, izvo vaitengerana vatengesi yekare. Rakanga riine uremu hunenge kwakajairika dhiramu akazadzwa wakisi, izvo zvinogona akatakura mumwe kushanda chikepe. Inenge 164 kilos imwe yakawira swoop! Zvechokwadi, muna Russia ose wechipiri aiva gamba.

mwero uremu

Kunze makirogiramu uye Berkovtsy, kwaiva shoma zviyero Russian bhuku zvigadzirwa:

• Pound, uyo ainziwo ari Hryvnia, raiva 32 mujenya kana 96 spools. By nemitemo yedu zviri anenge 410 magiramu. chiyero Iri kurema ndechimwe mashoma akapfuura pakuongororwa nguva - muUnited States uye nyika dzokuMadokero European vachiri kushandisa sechinhu chinokosha. MuRussia, kuti Hryvnia kurema uye nechiyero, uye mari dzaishandiswa, ari kupfuura nevatengesi.
• Roti kuenzaniswa vangapiwa nhatu (12.8 magiramu) uye kwave nevakawanda mwero: chairema bhuku iri pakubika uye chemishonga mubhizimisi.

• Vangapiwa (zlatnik) Pakutanga zita chendarama mari yairema 4.26 magiramu nemashoko ano, yaishandiswa pachinzvimbo vatengesi zviyereso pazviyero, rairema hwemazuva zvigadzirwa: shuga, tii uye munyu. Muna 1899, vangapiwa iri pamutemo semunhu kurema vhoriyamu zviyero.
• The mugove kwainzi zviduku mwero uremu kare - yake uremu anenge 0.044 magiramu, yakanga iri nzira wezvinonhuhwira. Makumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu migove vaiva mumwe vangapiwa.

vhorumu Liquid Kwazvo

Mukusarudza ndeiya yakaita kavha Mugomo (12 litres) chaiva nokuyerwa mvura, iyo, kubvira muzana remakore rechigumi, akanga akayera doro (uchi, Mead, kvass, doro uye Braga), mvura dzokubikisa yakawanda zvokudya pazvirairo uye zvakasiyana-siyana michero, gare gare zvirimwa zviyo, mukaka uye duku kadikidiki michero nemiriwo. A mugomo rakakamurwa mari zvidiki, zviri nyore chaizvo kuti pamba kushandiswa, vagotengeseranamo doro iri tavern establishments.

Kuti "waini" matanho totaled vanopfuura gumi nevaviri madunhurirwa, pamwe yakaoma arithmetical reshiyo uchiripo uye raiva vakawanda zvina: 1: 2: 4: 8: 16.

A mugomo yakakamurwa makapu gumi, zana kana mazana maviri charok Shkalikov. Panguva iyo kwaiva ukoshi ari maviri mabhotoro vodka, waimirira uyewo mugomo rimwe (mabhokisi ano vane vodka zvinosanganisirawo chaizvo mabhodhoro maviri, izvo zvinoreva kuti bhakiti rimwe), izvo, akavapindurawo, akakamurwa hafu uye muzvina (marita matatu). Vamwe nguva vachiri kushandisa "korchaga", iro anoenzanisa kuti hafu mugomo (maererano zvimwe zvinyorwa, mugomo uye-kumativi matatu).

The guru vhoriyamu kwainzi chiyero dhiramu kuti dzimba makumi mana migomo a, zviri ainyanya kushandiswa Wholesale kutengeserana vatorwa, sezvo Retail kutengeserana doro zvairambidzwa kwavari. It achiri kegs diki marita mashanu.

Uyezve, zvakafanana parlance aishandiswa vakawanda "musha" kuyera midziyo zvisina zvachose, asi kazhinji kushandiswa: yacho bhaira, chake, flagon, tues uye bhokisi, tabhu, tubs uye mubhavhu rokugezera, mumwe wineskin (mari iyi chinowanzoitika zvinobva Eastern kunyika ), achiri achishingaira kushandiswa zviyero nomukaka zvigadzirwa: chake, chake, pail.

midziyo zvose izvi kazhinji siyanei kukura, saka chaiwo kukura anazvo.

How kuyera doro

Ichatonga zvine mbiri "matanho waini" kwakaitika nenguva Peter uye kusvika pamwero sizes: vachinwa establishments uye Pubs kupa zvakawanda vakasarudzwa zvinwiwa pamusoro pombi:

• A kota matatu litres, anonziwo yakakura girazi guchu mutsipa refu.
• Bottle (ainziwo yokuRussia bhodhoro) ine milligrams zana emura.
• Mug rakanga guru (nhasi zvinodiwa) - 1.23 litres - uye rinokwana chaizvo gumi charok.
• Cup akanga akaenzana 0,123 litres uye akanga achitiza mudziyo kuti mafeni kuti "doro", muupenyu hwezuva nezuva paiva zita akariposhera: Koretz (haka).
• Stack - zvinonzi sechinhu chinogamuchirika wokuyera nokuda chete yaunodya doro, Bhuku ayo chaizvo zana magiramu.
• Stiffy - zviri dzakakurumbira kunzi "kosushkoy" uye kuenzaniswa hafu nemikombe - 60 magiramu.
• Shtof vakabva vokuGermany uye yakasimbiswa, vakasvika chimwe chegumi mugomo kana namatende maviri (1,2 litres) uye rinokwana ane gumi charok. On hwaro ichi uyewo kudiwa polushtof, akaenzana hafu bhodhoro.
• Kwaigara raiva dukusa nechiyero Vhoriyamu mvura, sandwiching oga 37-hafu giremu.

nezviyero zvose izvi aifarirwa uwandu "Charter mhosva" muna 1781 uye akapukunyuka kusvikira ikozvino.

Pisano tsamba rakakura

The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa mwero urefu uye upamhi vakanga sazhen uye netepimezha. Kunzwisisa akanga akaenzana rimwe nehafu metres - ndiye yezvinoreva avhareji nemaoko omunhu, uye makubhiti - makumi maviri masendimita (muti, kukura anokonzera inotorwa kubva mudzinza Petra Velikogo size, raakanga kwaiwanzoitwa naye), kureva tsoka shanu - kwava nomwe tsoka. zviyero izvi vakaverenga kukura duku daro kukura pakuvaka zvivako - yakanga yakakodzera uye zvinoshanda, nokuti "mutsetse" kwagara naye.

Vakaitawo kushandiswa oblique tsoka nomwe - iri kure pakati pechigunwe tsoka uye akamutswa kupfuura musoro pakatarisana bhurasho: daro waiva mukati makubhiti maviri nehafu. A netepimezha vaikwikwidzana nomumwe chiyero - kutama yakanga yakaenzana zvinenge zvakafanana kureba - 72 cm.

Nokuti nokuyerwa zvinhu zviduku

Elbow, tichishandisa mashoko kubva mumabhuku akasiyana, vakasvika 38 kana 47 masendimita, ndiko ruoko kuti urefu kubva muromo yapakati nomunwe kusvikira kugokora rwakashodoka. kukura iyi Zvakanakisa wakanyatsokodzera kuti vatengesi jira vane mabhanzi kuverengwa urefu 60 kugokora.

Palm kwainzi wechitanhatu chikamu kugokora, uye yaishandiswa nokuda kukarukureta nzvimbo diki pakuvaka.

Sapanosvika yakakamurwa kuva shoma mikana:

• Small span (mune dzimwe nzvimbo yainzi "kota") hauonekwi pakati nevakawanda rwakatambanudzwa pakati thumbs uye forefinger uye vakasvika 17,78 masendimita.
• span Large - pakati napagumwe roruoko uye muduku nomunwe (23 cm).
• Kunanaira aine chakapidiguka - kune zvatinosiita urefu suduru akawedzera Hudyu maviri indekisi munwe, izvo anoenzanisa kusvika matatu masendimita vokutanga.
• Padiki - ari ano calculus ndiyo 4.44 masendimita, izvo zvinotipa chimwe-nemitanhatu ane pachivanze. Misoro kazhinji vozviidza kukura.

Versta - ichi chipimo inoshandiswa kuyera madaro marefu, zita rayo rechipiri - "munda", iro rinoreva kureba rimwe ubvise kubva kumucheto kusango kwezana gejo wokutanga. Papera simbi inoshandiswa nokuda kukarukureta pamusoro nzira urefu, migwagwa uye marefu pakati nzvimbo. Panguva dzakasiyana, muhuwandu siyana zvaiva zvishoma pane imwe maira vakati vapfuura: kuna Peter I - 500, uye ushe Alexei - chiuru.

Matanho kuverenga nzvimbo

Kutsanangura kumborimwa uye yakadyarwa nyika aishandisa chegumi (ndiko muzvikamu zviduku) uye tsoka nomwe akaenzana. Imwe chegumi vakasvika 2,400 mativi vakati vapfuura (1,093 hectares) uye akanga rakakamurwa poldesyatiny uye chikamu chimwe muzvina maeka. tsoka nomwe sikweya raiva mana nehafu sikweya metres, inova 16 mativi mamita. netepimezha. Uyewo kune izvi kukarukureta nzira mopu akawedzera - mumwe chegumi chezvegumi nomutowo kuverengwa nokuwanda vakaungana muzvikochikari (ukapisa murwi) zvirimwa zviyo uye uswa.

mari

KwechiSlavonic mari ezvinhu dzinoratidzwa akasimbisa mavambo uye kusiyana wokuRussia rudzi: a quadruple (25 rubles), kuti Ruble (zita wechipiri simbi rubles), Altin (3 masendi) nemashanu kopecks (matatu × shanu = 15), mumwe Dime aikosha 10 masendi uye pamuShuramiti (miniti bargaining Chip , yakaenzana imwe sendi) - vamwe zvinofadza kunzwa zita!

Apo Peter mubairo vashandi zvavo ranged kubva mashanu masere masendi pazuva, mari iyi akanga akaenzana kukosha makumi maviri, nepondo chingwa - ndiwo makirogiramu masere! Ndizvo chaizvo kuti nguva.

Proverbs uye mashoko zviyero

Russian munuhwi kunogona kurondwa zvakajeka mumadimikira, achiratidza zvose nuances zvenyika wepfungwa, uchenjeri upenyu Slavs iri nyore, nyore shoko ose.

"Kuti adye Peck yomunyu maviri" - kuti inoda nguva yakawanda yokuva pamwe chete munhu kuziva kubva kumativi ose.

"Mar. vangapiwa, asi migwagwa" - kwete kukura nyaya.

"Kuti uzive kuti zvikuru paundi Down uye Out" - kunzwa uremu nokusuruvara uye kutambura.

"Kubva muhari nemasendimita maviri, uye chete ukazchik" - pamusoro nowechiduku vasina upenyu ruzivo, pane kuedza kudzidzisa vamwe upenyu.

"Akayera hwavo netepimezha" - kushandisa nechiyero ake pachake, panzvimbo kwakajairika, kuva kuzviitira.

"Manomwe makiromita zvakanaka vamwe regai zvepabonde" - kuti murume uyu anogona kuita chinhu, uye daro hausi dambudziko naye.

"Manomwe shasha" - saka vanoti vakachenjera uye zvakanaka-verenga vanhu.

Kushomeka kwezvakanyorwa ano ndeiya yakaita tsika

The tafura pazasi zviyero uye ino vhoriyamu inoratidza sei ivhu uye vava nyore, zvakawanda zvose.

Gone aiva womumhuri mutauro yenyika uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvaungasarudza, zvose chido kuronga uye kutyaira vakapinda Kuumbwa kwechokwadi kwaiva "mweya Russian" akunda okusika kutiza mutauro mukuru uye ane simba. Chete "mari kare" - chirevo chikuru, izvo zvichiri kuchengeta rakarasika ukuru.