Sei lichens anonzi mapiyona zvinomera uye chii basa ravo zvakasikwa?

Lichens - uyu pachangu chaizvo boka zvipenyu anogona kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu apo pasina zvimwe zvirimwa regai kurarama. Vanogona kukurira frosts uye simba, uye yakakwirira kwazvo tembiricha. Vanokura vari kupfuura kujairika akakwirira pamusoro pamatombo nemiti, jecha nevhu uye fenzi, muna achinaya mvura uye Antarctic. Mushure kuongorora zviri zvipenyu izvi kujairika, anogona kupindura mubvunzo kuti nei lichen rinonzi piyona uswa. Pashure pezvose, ndivo vokutanga kuonekwa munzvimbo hapana anogona kukura: pamatombo murenje kana achinaya mvura. Izvi zvinenge zvinoshamisa kuti vari symbiosis pamusoro notumwe uye algae, vachiri havaratidzi kunzwisisa. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti kuvapo panyika makore anenge mamiriyoni 200 uye basa rinokosha kukura kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Ndezvipi zvinhu lichen?

1. Muviri uyu ndiwo symbiosis pamusoro chakuvhe uye algae. Ndivo zvachose pasina mumwe. Pakutanga, chakuvhe chisvetasimba pamusoro mutumbi algae, asi muviri mutsva rakaumbwa mukufamba shanduka.
2. Zvinoshamisawo uye kudya kunovaka lichen. Filaments vakawana kubva chakuvhe ambient mvura uye zvicherwa kubva mumuviri uye algae - Organic. Uyewo algae kubva chakuvhe inowana zvose inoda zvicherwa. In zvaunodya, zvinenge aya anenge yakazvimirira ivhu. Ivo vakagara kwazvo asingabereki nzvimbo, uye ipapo, otmiraya aumbe inotonhorera substrate vamwe zvinomera. Ndokusaka lichens anonzi piyona uswa.

3. A chiri zvipenyu izvi ndiko kugona kwavo kuti vararame apo pasina chirimwa haazombovi vakajaira. Achibatsirwa dzinokosha acids, vanogona wokuparadza matombo jasi, magma kana jecha, nokusika pamusoro nguva ivhu.
4. Lichens dzinokura zvishoma nezvishoma. Mugore, havana yakawedzera hapana zvinopfuura 5 millimeters. Asi vari zvinenge izvi zvikuru refu-akararama. Avhareji yezera wavo - makore anenge 100, asi pane mashoko pamusoro lichens zviuru zviviri makore.
5. Utachiona ava vane mwero chaizvo. Iye angakudzivisai kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu, frosts 60 madhigirii uye pyatidesyatigradusnyu nekupisa.

Ndezvipi lichens?

Mazita vakawanda havatauri vanhuwo murume. Vakawanda vakaona zvinenge izvi, nekuti vari nevamwe kuti rakasiyana notumwe kana zvirimwa. Ndezvipi lichens?

• Foliose anogona kurarama pamusoro nemakwati miti, kufukidza yakafukidzwa ivhu kana droop iri muchimiro ndebvu matavi.

• Crustose lichens kufanana mutete goko, kufukidza mabwe, nemakwati emiti, fenzi uye masvingo. Ndivo nowenyika vachena akamboona.
• Rakapetana lichens zvinowanika mumasango coniferous, pova kapeti wakanaka mapazi gwenzi. Dzimwe nguva vanogona kuwana nekukwirira hafu mita.

Apo zvinenge izvi vararame?

Sei lichens anonzi mapiyona zvinomera? Hongu, nokuti "tichigadzira" nzira pakuparadzira kune zvimwe zvirimwa, vadzidze matombo uye jecha nevhu. Kekutanga kuonekwa munzvimbo hapana anogona kukura. Chinhu chikuru muupenyu hwavo - chiedza uye mwando mudenga. Lichens - ichi ndechimwe rakajairika zvinenge. Rinogona kuwanikwa kubva North kusvikira South Pole. Vanoda coniferous uye zvakavhenganiswa masango, achinaya mvura uye taiga, matombo makomo uye mumarenje. Dzimwe anogona kukura mumvura uye kuputika dhaka. Vanokura pamusoro simbi, ibwe, porcelain, zvidhinha, makadhibhokisi, jira uye girazi.

Ndiwo uyu chinoratidza pavo mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti nei lichen rinonzi piyona uswa. Ivo kuiparadza matombo zvibereko zvayo zvinokosha uye otmiraya dzinoumba substrate kushandisa, vakazochinja ane maberekero pasi upenyu zvimwe zvirimwa.

zvichireva lichens

• Very inonyatsoziva mhepo yakachena, zvinenge aya nechiidzo zvokutapukirwa. Zvikurukuru pavaipomerwa zviri nesarufa yakasviba mumhepo.
• Various acids secreted lichen yaishandiswa mafuta uye zvizorwa maindasitiri, kusanganisira pendi uye takagadzirira litmus. Dzimwe secrete baktritsidnye zvinhu, saka vari kushandiswa zvavo mushonga.
• Kavha lichen achinaya mvura uye masango coniferous achengetedze ivhu kubva rikukurwe. ivowo kudzivirira miti kubva infestation kubudikidza notumwe.
• Basa lichens pakuti vari zvokudya mhuka dzakawanda, kunyanya vari kuchamhembe kunzvimbo. Vamwe zvipenyu izvi dzinodyiwa vanhu.