Zvinomera achinaya mvura uye masango anogara achinaya mvura

Zvinomera achinaya mvura uye masango anogara achinaya mvura, ayo chimiro, nzira chirimwa maberekero, kwadzakabva kuti tipone zvikuru kuvimba zvinhu unhu zvikamu izvi.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Location achinaya mvura inowira kunyunguduka zvikamu Nyika. On huru Eurasia kwayo kunosvika mhenderekedzo kweArctic Ocean muna makumi ezviuru makiromita. Kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo yacho kuNorth America anonziwo inogarwa achinaya mvura. Kureba mapazi kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba iri Paavhareji anenge 500 makiromita. Uyezve, Tundra inoremekedzwa zvimwe zvitsuwa pedyo Antarctica. Mumakomo, uko kunoratidzwa dzemakomo vematunhu, Zvikwenzi achinaya mvura vari aumba. Vakapa zvose munharaunda, apo pane mapazi, izvozvo rinowanikwa pamusoro zvachose nzvimbo panyika. Zviri vanenge mamiriyoni 3 km2.

Tundra - mumwe wenyika riri mu makwapa akasvibirika duku achinaya mvura zvinomera uye zvinomera taiga. Tundra pakugadzwa kumadokero kumabvazuva kurutivi rwezasi achinaya mvura pamusoro Eurasia uye North America. Kureba wonamatidza kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba kunosiyana-siyana iri zvinobva makiromita 30 kusvika 400. On kumaodzanyemba miganhu achinaya mvura yavo anotendeukira mudondo wongoramba.

Mamiriro ekunze kukanganisa kukura zvinomera

The dzinotaurwa achinaya mvura uye masango anogara achinaya mvura mapazi zvikuru kwazvo. Winter kunotora 6 kusvika 8 months yegore. Panguva ino ndakaiswa kugara chando viomak, mhepo tembiricha dzimwe nguva anosiya kusvika 50 madhigirii pazasi razero. The polar usiku kunotora inenge mwedzi miviri. Anenge usambofa kuserera simba mhepo inotonhora, madutu chando.

Summer ari achinaya mvura vari pfupi uye muchitonhorera. Frosts zvinokwanisika uye kunayisa muchimiro chando. Pasinei polar zuva, pose nyika asingagamuchiri yakawanda kupisa sezuva yakaderera iri kuuya, uye anotuma shure Pasi vapararire nemwaranzi. Kuti vararame mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, achinaya mvura uswa anofanira kujaira.

Zvazvakaita permafrost howa sezvamunoita Zvinomera

Mune anodziya mwedzi munzvimbo achinaya mvura ivhu thaws chete kuti kudzika hapana anopfuura 50 masendimita. Next ane permafrost rukoko. chinhu ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru yairwirwa iri Resettlement zvinomera zviri achinaya mvura wongoramba. chinhu ichi chinobata kusiyana kwavakaita.

Permafrost ane chinokosha nezvainoita mamiriro enzvimbo. Freezing uye thawing mhando kunotungamirira deformation yavo. Somugumisiro nokupupuma muitiro kuonekwa zvakadai pamusoro chimiro sezvo hillocks. kukwirira yavo haisi mamita anopfuura maviri pamusoro pegungwa, asi chidzoke siyana izvi kukanganisa achinaya mvura uswa, ayo kugarwa pane dzimwe ndima.

Zvinoitwa ivhu pamusoro kwemarudzi kusiyana zvinomera

Munguva achinaya mvura uye sango pane mukuru ivhu mvura-Logged. Hazvina kunyanya kuoneka panguva snowmelt. Water haagoni pinda zvakadzama nokuda pamberi permafrost. Kusimuka kwemvura wayo ane wose nokuda yakaderera kunze tembiricha. Nezvikonzero izvi, vazvinyause mvura uye kunayisa uchingounganidza pamusoro pemvura, dzikaumba zvikuru nezviduku marshes.

High waterlogging, kuvapo permafrost, yokupararira yakaderera tembiricha ruchavhiringidza kuyerera kwemakemikari uye zvoutachiona pezvakaitwa muvhu. Rine shoma manyowa, rinoungana simbi oxide. Tundra-gley nevhu vari yakakodzera kukura kwezvimwe zvinomera chete. Asi achinaya mvura uswa dzakashandisa zvinhu zvoupenyu zvakadaro. Munhu akashanyira zvikamu izvi munguva maruva, kuramba zvirambe kwemakore anouya - saka akanaka uye anokwezva maruva achinaya mvura!

Musango dzinongoitika ivhu rakaorera rukoko uyewo malomoschen. Ivhu murombo mune zvinovaka muviri, izvozvo kunoratidzwa kumusoro acidity. Kana kurima munda muvhu kuti yakawanda chicherwa uye Organic fetiraiza. The nzvimbo zvakaipa kwesango-achinaya mvura pane mukuru siyana mhando rekushongedzesa, pamiti.

mhando

Zvinomera achinaya mvura uye masango anogara achinaya mvura zvikuru pakuti norudzi dzakadaro. nharaunda yavo chete pakutanga kuaona sokuti monotonous.

Tussock uye nematambudziko achinaya mvura rwugare kupfuura ndima. The marshes chirimwa turf rinoumbwa hillocks uye hummocks, izvo midzi uye mhando dzakawanda zvinomera. A rinokosha mhando achinaya mvura - polygonal. Pano unogona kutarisa kuzorodzwa siyana muchimiro polygons huru, izvo rakakamurwa dzegirini uye chando makatsemuka.

Panewo dzimwe nzira kuti kupatsanura vakadai dzakadaro se achinaya mvura. Chii uswa chinokurira mune imwe nharaunda, sezvinotevera, uye mufananidzo achinaya mvura. Somuenzaniso, chikwindi-lichen achinaya mvura nzvimbo akafukidzwa akasiyana siyana mosses uye lichens. Kunewo shrubby achinaya mvura, uko mumatenhere polar the willow, zvipfupi nemipaini, alder rakapetana.

zvirimwa

Sezvambotaurwa, zvinomera achinaya mvura uye masango anogara achinaya mvura vakanga vajairana utsinye okunze ari kunyunguduka mapazi Pasi. Zvikasadaro upenyu hwake uye kukura zvaisazobvira pano.

Anochinjika miti achinaya mvura uye masango anogara achinaya mvura kunoratidzirwa sezvinotevera. Vazhinji fauna of ndivo Perennial plants. Annual panguva pfupi ya muzhizha haana kukwanisa kupedza kwayo upenyu yatinofema. chiduku chikamu chirimwa chete ari inoparadzirwa mbeu. Nzira inokosha kurebesa upenyu - vegetative.

Tundra miti Stunting dzinovabvumira kuomerera panguva mhepo yakasimba. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti zvinokambaira hunhu nhungirwa dzavo kukwanisa intertwine nemumwe, kusikwa nyoro pamakusheni imwe mhando. In yechando, vose zvikamu zvinomera akafukidzwa nesinou. Izvi anovaponesa kubva kwazvo frosts. Most achinaya mvura uye masango chirimwa pamusoro mashizha vane wakisi unhani, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nomwero kuti kwemvura ine mwando kubva hukawanika dzavo.

Tundra uswa, mifananidzo mamwe marudzi izvo zvinowanikwa munyaya akapa chando perennial rekushongedzesa: petsanga, kuzivikanwa pamapani uye anezvimiti, buttercup, donje uswa, voikukka, mbeu Poppy. Kura kubva zvipfupi Birch miti, pamusoro polar the willow, rakapetana alder. muti izvi mhando musango anogona nechekare kusvika nekukwirira makubhiti matatu uye zvakawanda. Pakati pamakwenzi zvakapararira blueberries, cloudberries, blueberries, cranberries. Munzvimbo dzakakwirira acclimatized mosses uye lichens, vazhinji inova huru inosimbisa maonero kuti kurarama mhuka munzvimbo idzi.

Forest achinaya mvura uye taiga

Zvinomera achinaya mvura uye taiga yakasiyana chaizvo mumwe. Tundra ndiyo yezwi mapazi pakati pavo. On nharaunda yomudondo-achinaya mvura pakati treeless muzvitsuwa nzvimbo inogona kuwanikwa mumatenhere pamusoro spruce, Birch, larch nemimwe miti.

dondo achinaya mvura mapazi kunoshamisa sezvo ndima yayo asangana zvinomera achinaya mvura uye taiga zvinomera zviri kuramba vachiva yekudyidzana kuti kukwidziridzwa yezasi. Forest nzvimbo, zvinosanganisira nomumwe kwemarudzi pamiti yose, nokusika kupfuura akanaka ezvinhu kuti kukura herbaceous zvinomera. Nemhaka pamiti ipfupi mhepo akurumidze, kunonoka zvakawanda chando, anofukidza zvinomera, achiponesa kubva kuoma nechando.

Kudzidza zvinomera kunyunguduka mapazi

Zvinomera kavha achinaya mvura uye sango asati kudzidza zvakazara. tsananguro enderana nesayenzi kwemarudzi kukura pano akatanga chete pakati rokupedzisira remakore.

Kuramba basa iri, uye nhasi pane chinokosha rwendo. Nokufamba masayendisiti ivava kuedza kumisa sei zvinomera pamusoro achinaya mvura uye masango anogara achinaya mvura kukanganisa mhuka vanogara zvikamu izvi. Vanoda mhinduro dzemibvunzo pamusoro kana kuchinja yemiti kusiyana munzvimbo kudzivirirwa nokuvapo mamwe mhuka, zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uzonyatsotanga wakaparadzwa uswa. Kunyange zvazvo vanotsvakurudza kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo yose chokuita pakuenzanisa zvisikwa munzvimbo Sub-arctic mapazi panyika.

fauna of Protection

Nature achinaya mvura uye masango anogara achinaya mvura iri nyore chaizvo. Kudzorerwa ivhu, miti zvinoda inopfuura makore gumi nembiri, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko, pachine mazana emakore.
Man yagara vakanzwisisa kuti akanga ari kunoparadza kukanganisa yezvakaita achinaya mvura uye dondo achinaya mvura. Kuedza kugadzirisa, vanhu ndakasika munhu nhamba zvakasikwa reserves, National Parks, mutambo reserves. Vari iri munharaunda Russia uye dzimwe nyika zvenyika.