Sapun-Gora. Sapun-Gora, Sevastopol. Kurwisana neSapun Mountain

Iyo penisula yeCrimea ine nhoroondo refu uye inofadza. Sevastopol, guta rekuRussia guta, rakapukunyuka mapeji akawanda ane heroic panguva yaivepo. Hasi kure neguta ndiSapun-Gora, ine zviitiko zvinotyisa zveHondo yePritain Patriotic iyo inosanganiswa, pairi inomira obelisk yemamita 28 yeKubwinya neye museum uye diorama yehondo dzegore ra1944. Kubva pano unogona kunakidzwa nemaonero anoshamisa emunharaunda.

Elevation pedyo neSevastopol

Kubva kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kusvika kumaodzanyemba-kumavirazuva kwakatambanudza makomo eCenfeneni peninsula, ane mapuranga matatu. Iyo yakadzika iyo inotanga nechikomo pedyo neSevastopol uye inonzi Sapun-Gora, muTatar - "saga". Kubva pairi chikomo chinopfuurira kuguta reStary Krym uye inharaunda yezvisikwa inodzivirira gungwa rekunyika. Yaiva iyi nzvimbo dzakagadzirisa zvakasikwa pakusikwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekudzivirirwa kwezvigadziro zvezvombo zvepanyika kubva munyika.

Iyi yakakwirira yaiva kiyi muhondo yeguta reSevastopol muCrimean War uye World War II. Maminetsi mashomanana chete okukwira nemotokari - kureba kwemamita 231 pamusoro pegungwa, asi gomo iri rinopa simba pamusoro pezasi nechekuchamhembe kweguta uye kutarisa mugwagwa kubva kuYalta kusvika kuSevastopol.

Nhasi nzvimbo ino inoshanyira zvakasimba nevashanyi. Kwavari, mukana unokosha ndewokuti eCrimea, Sapun-Gora nezvimwe zvinokanganisa zvinopa mukana wekubatanidza kushandiswa kwekushanda mune zvakasikwa, kunakidzwa kwekunakidzwa kwemaonero anoshamisa nekwenyendo dzekuziva uye kubata kune zvakaitika.

The Great Patriotic War

Muna 1941 kusvika muna1942, nekurasika kukuru, mauto eGermany akakwanisa kutora Sevastopol mushure mekukombwa kwemazuva makumi maviri. Hondo huru dzaitika kuSapun Gore, uko mauto mazhinji eGermany akafa. Masoja ehondo makumi mashanu-yekutanga neMaritime akadzokera kuChersonesos, asi vaiziva kuti vaizodzokera kunzvimbo idzi. Ndaifanira kumirira anenge makore maviri. Muna 1944, mauto eSoviet akakunda vaNazi kubva kunyika yavo, uye vaifanira kusunungura muCrimea. Zvakare, mutsara uri pamberi peSevastopol wakashandiswa, asi wava kutova muvengi, sechinhu chechisikigo chekusika katatu-echelon line yemasvingo. Pano hondo dzinotyisa dzakapararira, izvo zvakatsanangura kubudirira kwebasa rose rinokuvadza uye kusunungurwa kwakazara kwepeninsula.

Tariro dzemuvengi

Mushure megore ra1943, chirongwa chekugadzirira muHondo Guru chakatora rutivi rweSoviet Union. MunaMarch 1944, mauto eSoviet akaonekwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuganhu. Zvose izvi zvaireva kuti kusunungurwa kwenyika yedu yekuswedera yava pedyo. Asi kushorwa kwemuvengi kwakava kunyanya kutyisa. Zvigaro zveGermany muCrimea zvakavharwa, asi zvakaramba zvichirwisana. Hitler aidavira kuti kusiya kwavo kwaizoreva kubviswa kwevakabatana veBalkan kubva muhondo , izvo zvisingagoni kuregererwa. VaGermany muCrimea, chaizvoizvo, vaitongerwa kukunda, asi basa ravo raiva, sezviri nyore, kudzivisa masimba eSoviet mauto. Nokuda kweizvi, Sapun-Gora yakanga yakasimbiswa nemitsara mitatu yekudzivirira. Vakanga vakagadzirirwa nechemberi yemaketani akawanda, kwenguva yakareba kuputira mapepa emhando dzakasiyana-siyana, zvose zvevhu uye yakasimbiswa konkrete. Zvaive zvakaoma zvikuru kutora kumusoro kwacho dutu. Asi mauto edzimba akawana ruzivo rwakawanda rwekurwa, asina kutora hurefu humwe, murairo wakagadzirira hondo yepakutanga yekushungurudza kweCrimea.

Kugadzirira kurwisa

Nekufambira mberi kwemauto eSoviet, zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kutora chigadziro chezvisikwa pamwe nemuvengi akanga aine simba pairi. Nokudaro, inenge mwedzi wegadziriro yekurwisa yakatanga. Murairo wakarongerwa kutanga May, May 5 anonyadzisa masimba ehurumende kuburikidza neMikenseev Upland uye anosvika muguta kubva kuchamhembe. Uyu mufambiro waifanirwa kuva neunhu hunonyangadza zvikuru.

Mushure mezuva masimba makuru anotanga kukanganisa kubva kuruboshwe kuruboshwe. Chinangwa chavo chichava Sapun-Gora, Sevastopol kubva kumaodzanyemba. Mavhiki mashomanana akasara kuti adzidzise mauto. Vakatora vakaparadzirwa pakati pevarwi vane ruzivo uye vakadzidziswa kutora masvingo akaitwa pano kuti adzidziswe. Suvorov's science yekukunda yakakosha muyero yakazara: unyanzvi, meso-meso, kufamba-shanduka uye zviito zvakangwarira pasina njodzi isingakoshi. Kunyanya kudzidziswa mauto kuti aone hondo yehondo, kusiyanisa nhare dze muvengi uye kuatora zvine chinangwa. Mazuva ano ndaifanira kushanda uye njere. Achitenda kumabasa ake, mazita emhandu dzakawanda dzinoputira zvikavonekwa zvisati zvaitika, uye "nendimi" dzavakatora dzakaparadzira zvakakwana maererano nemichina uye nhamba yevarwi.

Iyo hondo yeSapun Mountain

Pana 9 am paMay 7, 1944, gadziriro yakasimba yezvombo yakatanga, iyo yakanga iri mberi kwezvakaipa zveSoviet mauto. Ngarava uye Katyushas dzakaputika pasi nemavhuti avo, dzichifukidza nharo dzevavengi. Mukati kweawa imwe mubvumo wemoto hauna kupera, zvose zvaigona kuitwa kuti zvive nyore kukanganisa zvakaitwa. Pa10: 00 maminitsi makumi matatu, redetetetetta yakapa chiratidzo kune vaimhanyisa pamucheto wakatarisana nemasvingo ehondo. Uye, kunyange zvazvo varwi vakanga vakanyatsogadziriswa zvakanaka, hutanhatu hunodzivirira muvengi nemigodhi yemigodhi, tambo yakasungwa uye moto wakavanzwa hauna kuvabvumira kuti vatore pakarepo nhare dzokutanga.

Nguva imwe gare gare, sangano racho rakamira, sappers pasi pomoto wevavengi vakakwanisa kuita kuti zvishomanana zvipfuura nepaseri nemigodhi yemigodhi yevaGermany. Masoja eSoviet akapinda mumaketani emuvengi, asi akazvidzwa. Imwe hafu yeawa yematokari yaipfuura kakawanda kubva kune rumwe rutivi, kusvikira pakupedzisira, pane imwe yemauto, masoja edu haana kutora mutsara wokutanga wezvidziviriro zveva fascists.

Pamberi paiva kukwira kwakakwirira. Sapun-Gora yakanyunyuta kubva pakaputika kwemigodhi uye grenades, machine-gun fire. Uye mune iyi mash, danho nechitanhatu, achibatanidza kune rimwe dombo, musoja weRussia akapfuura. Nenguva dzegumi nemasere nzvimbo yekutanga yekudzivirirwa kweGermany yakatorwa pamwe nekuyera kwehurefu hwose. Izvi zvakagadzirwa mumitemo yakarongeka chete 50-100 mamita. Asi munguva inopfuura kweawa imwe yechipiri yezvidziviriro yakaputsika.

Sapun-Gora inotorwa

Pakanga pane zvishoma kumusoro, asi izvozvo hazvina kureva zvakanyanya. Kana iwe ukamisa mberi, ipapo nepamusoro-soro wezvingangoita, mauto edu ose achangoerekana avhara pasi. Hazvibviri kumira. Kukunda muvengi we moto, uchishandisa unyanzvi hwakawanikwa mukurovedza, mauto akafambira mberi. Pamusoro pepamusoro pane saramende, iyo yakanga isisati yaonekwa nevacherechedzi kubva pamutambo wekuraira. Kuputika kwema grenades chete uye pfuti inoputika. Nenguva isipi kurwisana nemaoko kwakatanga. Hondo idzi dzakabuda kunze kwehombodo, mhirizhonga - chikwata chemabhomba. Pakazosvika makumi maviri nemasere pamapuranga matsvuku akanga akamirira kwenguva yakareba akanga achioma, hondo yaSapun-Gore yakanga yava kusvika pakuguma pamwe nezuva rakanyanya, rakaoma uye rakareba.

Counterattack ye muvengi

Sezvo vakanga varasikirwa nemamiriro avo pamusoro pegomo, maGermany vakanga vasina kugadzirira kupa guta racho. Tichifunga kuti mauto eSoviet aneta simba nezuva rakapera haazokwanisi kudzorera kutsva patsva, vakagadzirira kupesana mangwanani mangwanani. Asi murairo wedu pamusoro peusiku wakakwanisa kusimbisa nekuzadzisa mitsara yakakwirira nezvikamu zvitsva uye nenzira yakakodzera kugadzirira kudzorera kurwisa. Vane gumi nemasere muvengi mutsva mukati mezuva vakatamiswa nemauto edu, vakapona uye vakachengetedza kudzivirirwa kwehukuru hunokosha. Mauto mashoma akawira sei pamakomo aya mumazuva maviri aya! Kubatwa kweSapun Mountain kunodhura mauto edu upenyu hwemauto makumi masere evanhu vaSoviet. VaGermany vakarashika makumi matatu nemakumi matatu. Zvakanaka, avo vanoenda kunorwa, nguva dzose vanorasikirwa nemamwe. May 9, 1944 (haisi iyo inofadza zuva?) Sevastopol yakasunungurwa kubva kuGermany-fascist vanopinda.

Memory

Iyi nzvimbo tsvene - Sapun-Gora, Sevastopol - ichagara yakadaro nokusingaperi nekuda kwechibayiro chakauyiswa nezviuru zvevarwi vakaveura misoro yavo nokuda kwekusununguka kubva kuJogo-fascist joko. Kwemakore gumi, pasina ruvara rwepepuru inopisa, hakuna chinhu chakakura pamusoro. Hondo dzekusunungurwa kweEurope dzakapfuurira, uye hydra ye fascism haina kuparadzwa, uye maviri mabelisiki akavakwa pamusuo weSapun-Gory mukukudza varwi veMaritime Army neA 51 Army, vakagumbusa chikomo. MunaMay 1945, musamuziyamu yakatanga kushanda, umo mazviratidziro ekutanga akaonekwa - zvapupu zvehondo huru munzvimbo idzi. Mushure memakore gumi nemashanu, musamuziyamu akavakwazve, panzvimbo yawo yakavakwa chivako chitsva, chakanga chakagara muhondo yevaDorama 7, 1944. Makumi makumi maviri mushure mekurwa, obelisk yePrmorsky Army yakashandurwa mazuva ano uye nzvimbo yekuyeuchidza yezuva ranhasi yakaiswa.

Diorama "Sapun-Gora"

Zvose zvinowedzera kubva kwatiri makore ehondo inotyisa. Zvakaoma kufungidzira zvakaitika pahondo mumazuva iwayo akare. Diorama, sechimiro cheunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, inobatsira kupindira mumhepo yehondo uye kunzwa, kunyanya muchikamu, kunhuwa kwepfuti, kutya nekutambudzika pameso evanhu vanouraya shamwari, utsinye hwezviri kuitika. Diorama "Sapun-Gora, kurwisana musi waMay 7" ndeimwe yepamusoro-soro yerudzi rwayo munyika. Ukuru hwayo makubhiti maviri nemashanu nehafu nehafu nehafu. Nekubatsirwa kwezvinyanzvi zvekugadzira, maitiro ekufananidzira uye nyaya inotangira mberi, zvinoitika zvekuvapo kwemuoni panguva yehondo kunowanikwa, anopupurira kushandiswa kwakaitwa nevanyori. Vasika ve diorama - vanyori vemu studio MB Grekova Peter Maltsev, Georgy Marchenko, Nikolay Prisekin - vakaita basa guru rokutsvakurudza nekutsvakurudza. Basa ravo harisi kungofanidza kungofanirwa, ndeyokunyora kwezviitiko zvechokwadi maererano nemashoko uye tsanangudzo yezviso zvevanhu vanoona.

Park pedyo neyekuyeuchidzwa kwekubwinya

Mushure mekutarisa diorama, vashanyi vanopinda mubhokisi uye vanoona nzvimbo chaiyo yehondo, fungidzira nzvimbo dzakaratidzwa nevaridzi. Izvi zvinowedzera kusimbisa zvakagamuchirwa zvechifananidzo chehondo. Pedyo nemusitamende kune paki. Kubva kwake kwaive basa rakaoma zvikuru, nokuti pakange pane ivhu rakawanda riripo. Yakagadzira kuratidzwa kwezvombo zvehondo kubvira panguva dzeGreat Patriotic War. Zvidhori zvinodzivirira, matangi, hondo yakanaka Katyushas. Pedyo nharaunda yeGermany bundu, iyo yakachengetedza kunyange yemuvara wavo. Pedyo nemugwagwa, ngarava nezvimwe zvombo zvehondo zvinoratidzwa. Pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzevashanyi muCrimea, mepu "Sapun-Gora" inoratidza nzvimbo dzose dzisingakanganwiki uye nzira yekufamba kune vatashanyi vanofarira kuongorora zvinhu zvose ivo pachavo.

Temple-chapel

Zvakaitika kuti chizvarwa chega chega chakakonzera kuchengetedza uye kukudza chirangaridzo chevakafa. Sapun-Gora - mifananidzo yakatorwa isati yasvika 1995 uye pashure, yakashandurwa nokuda kwekuvakwa kwechidiki chechitendero. Mumwedzi mishomanana, chimiro chechikwata ichi chakavakwa. Ngirozi ine musarava pamusoro petsvina yakasimwa, chiratidzo che-mosaic pamusuo, chifananidzo cheSt. George Chinokunda mukati ndechekuenderera kwetsika dzekuRussia kuvakwa pamwe chete nemitambo mitsva yemazuva ano. Imba iyi tembere inobatsira umo mabasa anobata mukuyeuka varwi vakafa - vadziviriri veBabaland.

Mhemberero payeuchidzo rekuyeuka

Makore gumi nemashanu ekupedzisira pane zviitiko zvakasarudzwa zvakatsaurirwa zuva rekukunda kukuru uye kusunungura kweguta reSevastopol pachirangaridzo cheSapun-Gora. Nzira yekuenda seiko mazuva ano?

Veterans vanounza motokari dzinokosha, kuvakwa kwemotokari dzehondo uye motokari dzemakore makumi mana. Vamwe vanoda kuona nzvimbo idzi vanogona kusvika ipapo nemigwagwa Nos 107 uye 71. Mukuwedzera kune mitemo yemitambo yekare, chiito "Banners of Glory" chinoitwa pachirangaridzo, pedyo nebelisk yePrmorsky Army. Vanonyatsoenderera mberi kuenda kugomba racho mabhanhire emauto ehondo uye zvikepe zvakadzivirira Sevastopol muna 1942 ndokusunungura guta racho muna spring ra1944. Pasi petsokabeliski, veterans vanoisa maruva muchirangaridzo chemashamwari asina kudzoka kubva kuhondo. Mumasikati pamatope eSapun-Gora pane makwikwi pamotokari.

Historical reconstruction

Zvinonakidza kuti vaduku vanhu vanobhadharawo kuhukuru hwekare. Kugadziriswa kweSapun-Gory dutu, inotungamirirwa nevechidiki masangano ehurumende nemakambani ezvakaitika zveSevastopol, yava tsika. Musi weSvondo, iyo iri pedyo nekusvika musi waMay 7, pamagomo, grenades inoputika zvakare, mabhoti-mhiri ari kunyorwa, uye masoja eSoviet anoenda kurwisana nemaoko kune "Fritz" avo vakagara mumigero. Nhoroondo inouya muupenyu. Gore roga rega, zviuru zvevatariri vanoungana pano avo vari kutarisana nezviitiko izvi zvisingakanganwiki uye vanogona kuona hutsinye uye ushingi hwemauto, anotora urefu hwegore rekurangarira ra1944. Uye, kunyange zvazvo hondo yacho inongopera hafu yeawa, zvakakwana kuti zvipinde munhoroondo uye nekurangarira nokusingaperi kuti rusununguko rwedu uye denga runyararo zvakabhadharwa zvakakwana nokuda kweropa rekuru-tateguru vakaritora nyika iyi. Chero ani zvake anogona kutora chikamu mukugadzirisa. Chinhu chakakosha ndiyo kunyorwa kunotangira uye kuzvipira kwemafomu uye maitiro.