Russian-Turkish Hondo 1877-1878 (muchidimbu): zvinokonzera, zvikuru zviitiko, zvabuda

Vazhinji vakararama chokwadi kuti kare, vanyori venhau ndaripa zvishoma pfungwa yakadaro chiitiko sezvo hondo 1877-1878 Russian-wokuTurkey. Muchidimbu, asi kufadza iripo kukurukura yechiitiko ichi munhoroondo Russia. Pashure pezvose, iye, akaita hondo ipi, chero zvazvingava, siya zvikasawanirwa nhoroondo ehurumende.

Edza kunzwisisa chiitiko ichi, sezvo Russian-Turkish hondo 1877-1878g., Muchidimbu, asi zvikuru pachena. Chokutanga, nokuti munhuwo vaverengi.

Russian-Turkish Hondo 1877-1878 (zvishoma)

The chikuru vavengi kanga vaiva Russian uye hweOttoman Empire.

In zviitiko zvakawanda zvinokosha pamhemberero nayo. Russian-Turkish Hondo 1877-1878 (muchidimbu zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino) akasiya zvikasawanirwa munhau zvinenge vose kubatanidzwa nyika.

Kurutivi Zvengarava (zvinogamuchirika nhoroondo zita hweOttoman Empire) vaiva Abkhazian, Dagestan uye Chechen vapanduki, uyewo Polish Legion.

Russia, uyewo, vakatsigira muBalkans.

Zvinokonzera Russian-Turkish Hondo

Chokutanga, tinofanira kutsanangura kukonzera hondo 1877-1878 (zvishoma) Russian-wokuTurkey.

Chikonzero chikuru chakaita kuti hondo kuwedzera National kuziva mune dzimwe Balkan nyika.

mhando iyi pachena manzwiro vakabatana pamwe April yemuna muBulgaria. Utsinye uye utsinye, rakanga woutsinye nokuda Bulgarian nokupandukira, akatungamirira dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope (kunyanya Russian Empire) kuratidza vaKristu vari munharaunda kweTurkey, tsitsi.

Chimwe chikonzero yatanga ruvengo aiva Serbian kukundwa vari Serbo-Montenegrin-Turkish hondo, uye vakakundikana Constantinople Conference.

Weboka hondo

Uyezve, I zvamaronga kuti funga nzira hondo 1877-1878 (zvishoma) Russian-wokuTurkey.

April 24, 1877 yokuRussia Empire yaratidza pachena hondo Porte. Pashure Archbishop Paul Chisinau achimisa panguva munamato basa mambo averenga Manifesto Alexander II, iyo akataura pakutanga emauto remapazi pamusoro hweTurkey.

Kuti tidzivise kupindira neEuropean inoti, hondo zvakanga zvakafanira kuti kuitisa "kutsanya" - mugomba chete kambani.

Muna May wegore iroro hondo Russian Empire vakanga vawedzera munharaunda yeRomania wehurumende.

Mauto Romanian, uyewo, vakatanga Zvinoshingaira muhondo kudivi Russia yayo nevatsigiri, chete kwemwedzi mitatu mushure chiitiko.

On sangano uye kugadzirira hondo wokuRussia zvikuru rinoitei muchiuto kuchinja kuitwa panguva Emperor Alexander II.

Nemamiriro kweuto Russian kwaisanganisira vanenge zviuru 700 vanhu. Panguva hweTurkey chinorevei sezvakarayirwa 281 zviuru vanhu. Pasinei wandei kusanganiswa ukuru wokuRussia, chinokosha mukana vokuTurkey kwaiva neImba woita hondo nezvombo ano.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Russian Empire aida kushandisa vamwe hondo munyika. Chokwadi chokuti Sea Black akanga zvachose aidzorwa vokuTurkey, uye Russia vaibvumirwa kuvaka ngarava zvavo pagungwa chete muna 1871. Ndezvomuzvarirwo kuti zvakadaro pfupi zvakanga zvisingaiti kumutsa munhu simba rengarava.

kunetsana uku nezvombo chaiitirwa nenzira mbiri: mune yokuAsia uye European.

European yemitambo yehondo

Sezvatambotaura kumusoro, pamwe pakutanga hondo, mauto eRussia akanga akatanga muRomania. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti kurambidza Danube rengarava hweOttoman Empire, izvo vaidzora kuyambuka Danube.

Turkish rwizi flotilla akanga asingakwanisi tidzivise zviito muvengi vezvikepe uye nokukurumidza Dnieper akanga huvandudzike nemauto Russian. Rakanga wokutanga danho rinokosha yakananga Constantinople.

Danho rinotevera mberi mauto eRussia akanga kukombwa Pleven, iyo July 20, 1877 akatanga.

Pasinei nokuti vokuTurkey vakakwanisa zvishoma nonotsa mauto eRussia uye kuwana nguva kuitira kusimbisa Istanbul uye Edirne, kushandura nzira hondo, vakasagona. Nokuda asina hanya nezviito murayiro uto hweOttoman Empire, Pleven musi December 10, mapfumo.

Pashure chiitiko ichi, huripo uto Russian, izvo vanosvika zviuru 314 masoja panguva iyoyo, vakagadzirira kuzodzosera chiito.

Panguva iyoyo pamusoro Porte Tinoenderera mberi ruvengo Serbia.

23 December 1877 bvuta pakati muBalkans anoita Russian kukupfura, uyo panguva iyoyo pasi murayiro General Gurko Romeyko-kuburikidza iyo yakanga ine Sofia.

27-28 December paiva nokurwa pana Sheinovo, iyo akapindwa nevarwi Southern boka. Magumisiro muhondo iyi yaiva encirclement uye kuparadzwa zviuru 30 Uto wokuTurkey.

January 8 ehondo Russian Empire pasina nemishonga imwe pfungwa dzinokosha vehondo Turkish ikatorwa - guta Edirne.

Asian yemitambo yehondo

The chikuru mabasa ari Asian vatungamirire hondo dzaiva rakachengeteka warwo nemiganhu, uye chido kuputsa utungamiriri Russian Empire, vokuTurkey dzinonyanya kutaura pamusoro European yemitambo hondo.

Nezvekwakabva kambani anoonekwa kuva Caucasian Abkhazian kwokumukira, iyo yakaitika May 1877.

Around iyoyowo, mauto eRussia vakasiya guta Sukhum. Ndakatenga zvakare chete muna August.

Munguva chiito panguva Transcaucasus mauto eRussia akanga atora zhinji Padzimba dzaro dzamambo, nhare avarwi: Bayazit, Ardahan, etc.

In yechipiri yezana muzhizha 1877 ruvengo vakanga kwenguva "chando" nokuti mativi vaimirira vavabatsire.

Sezvo September, wokuRussia akatanga kuomerera okukomba nzira. Saka, Somuenzaniso, rakatorwa paguta Kars wakasvinudza nzira kuhwina Erzurum. Asi ake kutaba haana kutora nzvimbo nokuda kwemamiriro San Stefano runyararo chibvumirano.

Nezvaiva chibvumirano ichi, kuwedzera kuAustria uye England, vakanga vasingagutsikani Serbia uye Romania. Zvaidavirwa kuti avo mupiro kuhondo asina vaikoshesa panguva yayo ukoshi hwechokwadi. Izvi zvakanga kuberekwa mavambo matsva - Berlin - Congress.

Zvakabuda hondo Russian-Turkish

Kwokupedzisira Danho aunganidze pamwe hondo 1877-1878 (zvishoma) Russian-wokuTurkey.

Kuwedzera miganhu wokuRussia Empire: zvakawanda zvakananga, aro chikamu achangobva akapinda Bessarabia, chakarasika munguva yacho Crimean War.

Mukutsinhana rubatsiro hweOttoman Empire kudzivirira waibva yokuRussia Caucasus, England akaisa mauto ayo pachitsuwa cheKupro muGungwa reMediterranean.

Russian-Turkish hondo 1877-1878. (Muchidimbu kukurukurwa nesu ino) akabatanidzwa basa guru remarudzi akawanda ukama.

It chamuita kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kufamba kubva kunetsana pamusoro nhandare pakati Russian Empire uye UK kuti nyika yakatanga nezveShoko zvivanakire (eg Russia aifarira Sea Black, uye England - Ijipiti).

Historians uye hondo 1877-1878 Russian-wokuTurkey. Muchidimbu, vakawanda munguva chiitiko

Pasinei chokwadi kuti hondo iyi haisi anoonekwa somunhu chiitiko kukosha munhoroondo wokuRussia wehurumende, yakanga mubasa kudzidza vakawanda kare. The inozivikanwa Vanotsvakurudza, vane zvipo kwave kuchiratidzwa sendarama zvinokosha Li Rovnyakova, OV Orlik, FT Konstantinov, EP Lviv, etc.

Vave vakadzidza nhoroondo dzeupenyu pokuita vehondo uye vatungamiriri vemauto, zviitiko zvinokosha, akapfupikisa hondo Russian-Turkish pamusoro 1877-1878, muchidimbu inorondedzerwa vakabvuma mabhuku. Sezvingatarisirwa, izvi zvose hazvina akapfuura pasina.

Economist AP Pogrebinsky aidavira kuti Hondo Russian-Turkish pamusoro 1877-1878, zvishoma uye nokukurumidza apedzise kukunda yeRussian hwacho uye dzayo nevatsigiri, yava yaiva kukanganisa zvikurukuru pamusoro upfumi. An basa rinokosha izvi reDare accession Bessarabia.

Maererano wezvematongerwe enyika Soviet Nikolai Belyaev, uto kurwa kwakanga zvisina kunaka, dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya hunhu mutakuri. mashoko aya, maererano munyori wayo, chaiko uye hama kuti Russian Empire, uye chokuita pachiteshi.

Unogona zvakare kutaura kuti Russian-Turkish Hondo 1877-1878, muchidimbu zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino, pakutanga kwezvose yakaratidza kubudirira vemauto kuchinja Alexander II, vose musangano magadzirirwo.