Khalid ibn al-Walid, vaimudana Saifullah ( "Bakatwa Allah"). Shamwari Prophet Muhammad

Khalid ibn al-Walid ndiye akakunda muprofita Muhammad, pashure achiva mumwe kupfuura vakatendeka neshamwari dzake, chikuru murwi uye kwakajeka strategist. The rokutanga voennokomanduyuschih wechiMuzirimu, uyo aenda mhiri Arabia uye akariisa namabvi ake makuru Byzantine Empire.

kwakarongwa vitae

Khalid ibn al-Walid akaberekwa yakakurumbira guta Islam - Mecca, mugore 592, uye aiva chizvarwa worudzi Quraish. Akanga anobudirira zvikuru mutungamiri zvechiuto munhoroondo yacho vaMuslim, pamwe kukunda hondo huru 43 uye haana kuti vakundwa. Akapinda nhoroondo Nyika shasha ine zvirongwa zvechiuto. Vanyori venhau vanoti hwakakanyiwa utsinye Genghis Khan, Tamerlane uye uchenjeri tactical pamusoro Napoleon simba. Mumwe wake kufarira mashoko anoenda: "woumbwende haangaoni mazhinji upenyu hwangu, uye ushingi arege kuderedza nayo." Muuto rake vakakunda kunyatsoomerera kurayirirwa, varwi vaiva anokudzwa ushingi uye kukwanisa zvinoshamisa kushandura nzvimbo pasina refu rakakombwa.

Pakutanga zvakanga pamusoro maMoziremu muporofita Muhammad, vakarwa kurutivi ari Quraish uye akanga aratidza kuti anokwanisa kutungamirira varwi, kunokunda vaMuslim hondo Uhud.

Islam akatora 7 gore mumutsetse AH, kare 8 gore vakakurwirai Muprofita achiratidza simba raro zvinoshamisa uye unyanzvi. 10 AH naro chikamu chikuru chavagari munzvimbo Najran vatendeukira Islam, uye muna '13 akava akakurumbira kukunda dzimwe Yarmuk, apo Siriya dzinenge dzose vakatsigira vaMuslim.

Akanga vakarangwa chaizvo uye kufunga murwi, asi dzimwe nguva kuita zvisingatarisirwi maitiro: kamwe, ari pamberi, nokuzvidira vakasiya hondo uye akaenda Hajj. Nokuti ichi akanga akabviswa pambiru yake sezvo mukuru mberi. Asi, vakapiwa nokubudirira ake, kubva pambiru voenokomanduyuschego hondo yose ichiri haana kuda kuranga kwazvo - chokwadi pfungwa dzake, unyanzvi tactical pamusoro kuhondo, uye mafungiro akanga kuzivikanwa. Zvadaro, mukuru Caliph Omar zvisinei akaendisa naye uye vakatendeukira vehurumende.

Akafa Khalid ibn al-Walid mumakore 58, mugore 643 (21 ndipo AH) kubva chirwere muguta Homs, muSiriya imomo uye akavigwa.

Chii Sayfullaha inonzi kudaro?

Saifullah - mu Arabic rinoreva "Bakatwa Allah." Nei kuri kuchenjera mukuru mune zita remadunhurirwa rokuti?

Muhondo chete Byzantines, iyo yakaitwa Muta, Khalid yaiva nguva yokutanga kudivi muporofita Muhammad. Kurwa kwakanga dzinotyisa kwazvo, rakauraya ose chikwata vehondo, uye Khalid asingatyi akatora murayiro. Akasarudza rinokosha shure nzira kudzivisa kukundwa uye kurasa varwi. Nokuti ushingi uye unyanzvi reMuporofita pachake akaritumidza Sayfullahom. Kubvira ipapo, saka izvozvo noruremekedzo uye kunzi.

ugamba muchiuto

Nokuda Khalid dzakawanda mikuru kukunda uye hapana shoma maduku hondo. Iye vaizivikanwa kunokurumidza sarudzo uye vavengi hasha muhondo kuratidza monstrous utsinye, ndikuregererei hapana, pasinei akamira panzira yake. Rinonyatsooneka munhoroondo paumbwe Islam vari:

• kuzorwa Byzantium pamwe Mute (pakutanga Khalid pasi petsanga reMuporofita);
• kukunda Mecca;
• Hondo hunain (pane musoja akashinga akakuvadzwa zvakakomba);
• kukombwa Ta'if;
• hondo pamwe nomuprofita wenhema Huvaylidom muna Buzahe uye kukundwa romuvengi wakakwana;
• Yamamah pfuura uye kuhwina payo;
• Hondo Valadzhe, mumwe yakanakisisa hondo yake;
• Hondo pamwe Sassanid Iran yokuIraq (mwedzi miviri kukuru vachirwa - uye vachidikanwa Sayfulaha maoko);
• hondo pedyo Adzhnadin dzatinogona kunzwisisa kwakakura Khalid unyanzvi;
• kukunda mukuru Yarmouk, umo vakakundwa anenge 40.000 varwi Byzantine.

Mufananidzo guru murwi

Sayfullaha yorufu akashanyira shamwari yepedyo. The chikuru murwi akamuratidza gumbo rangu uye akabvunza:

- Unoona nzvimbo pano yakakura kupfuura emichindwe, vasingadi ngavafukidzwe mavanga uye maronda?

Mumwe gumbo akatarisa uye akati:

- Kwete, handisi kuona.

Khalid ibn al-Walid akaratidza wechipiri gumbo, uye akakumbira chetezvo. Uye kamwe zvakare Ndakagamuchira pakupindurwa kuramba. Akabva akumbira aongorore maoko uye mutumbi, vachikumbira zvose zvakafanana.

- Kwete, mudiwa, zviri kure pakati mavanga iduku zvikuru pane pomuchindwe! Sei kupona pashure mukukuvara zhinji kudaro?

Khalid zvinosuruvarisa akapindura:

- ndaishamwaridzana kurufu zviuru hondo, asi nei ndisina kufira muhondo?

A shamwari akachenjera akati:

- Oh, Khalid! Haukwanisi kufa pakurwa - muporofita mukuru akapa iwe nezita "Bakatwa Allah". Uye unogona kutyorwa munondo Allah muhondo mumaoko zvakaipa? Hazvibviri!

Kana shamwari yakatendeka yaenda, Khalid ibn al-Walid zvinosuruvarisa akati kumuranda wake, hammam, nokuremekedza akamushandira

- Ndiri kufa somunhu ngamera mugwenga. I kufa nenyadzi, avete pamubhedha.

Khalid chechi

Shrine of shasha mukuru iri muna Homs (Siriya), zvikuru Mosque mukubwinya mabasa ake yakavakwa pamusoro payo, asi muhondo muna 2013 nayo zvishomanana kuparadzwa. Mushure kugarwa makakatanwa , President reSiriya chirevo pamusoro kudzorerwa enhoroondo Monument.

In Bashkortostan, Sterlitamak mu kune chechi, akavakawo nokuti kubwinya Al-Walid muna 2010.

Ashab al-Kiram

Sezvairi, zvinoreva kuti "shamwari dzakatendeka dzakawanda muprofita Mohammed", iro vanokamurwa muzvikwata zvitatu:

• Muhajirs (vatamira Mecca kuti wakasiya mhuri uye pfuma yavo yose nokuda kwokutenda);
• Ansar (zvemo vanhu Makkah);
• Sahaabah (avo vatendeukira Islam mune dzimwe nzvimbo).

Vanotodzoka uye Ansar munzvimbo eutungamiri vehondo, magavhuna, uye Sahaabah vaiva zvinotakura Hadith (narrations mabasa muporofita mukuru, upenyu hwake, pfungwa). Hadiths vaiva hwaro yetsika uye zviri pamutemo dzidziso pakati vaMuslim. Followers kwetsika ino kunakidzwa rakakura mukurumbira uye kuremekedza pakati vatendi.

Mukupfupikisa, kunzwisisa shamwari dzaiva vaya vaiva neropafadzo kurarama kuona Muporofita Mohammed, pasinei zvizhinji - maminitsi mashanu kana kwoupenyu hwose. Mazita zvose izvi vanhu vanobatanidzwa duramazwi chaiyo rinoronga mabasa avo ose, zvakapembererwa uye mabasa makuru. Nyanzvi Muslim nharo kuti zvose zvakanga vanenge 12 zvuru shamwari muprofita Muhammad, pakati pavo pakange Khalid ibn al-Walid.

Makore anopfuura 1,400 apfuura, takatanga matanho okutanga Islam panyika - rutsigiro zvokunamata avo vanoda kutsungirira matambudziko oupenyu munzira Chokwadi, uye Khalid ibn al-Walid munhoroondo Islam anomira pamberi, airemekedzwa nevaMuslim zvose zvenyika.