Resettlement mitemo Stolypin: chinangwa uye zvabuda

ekutonga Romanov nguva akapa nyika dzakawanda vanhu kunoshamisa uyo ndakasika guru nhoroondo kare vanhu Russian. Petr Arkadevich Stolypin - mumwe enyika nechepakati mukufambisira XIX-XX emakore. Immigration maitiro, ndiko ungira ayo kuedza kuchinja, vakabatsira kuti pave kweSiberia. Hazvina anoonga Petru Arkadevichu Russian ndima kunosvika kure mhiri Urals, uye Siberia uye kuFar East ndiro rakakura maindasitiri nzvimbo munyika.

unhu muvandudzi

Peter Arkadevich vaiva mhuri chakanaka revatongi. In mhuri yake vazhinji kunoshamisa nemauto akatora mugove zvinokosha hondo XVII, XVIII remakore. Kuburikidza dzidzo uye chepamusoro munharaunda, Stolypin akagadzwa yokukunda pakati kwamachinda, uye ipapo, pashure vaviri emakore, pambiru gurukota Internal Affairs yeRussian Empire.

Chinangwa chawo ari zvakonzerawo yaifamba 1905. Ari kumhanya-mhanya kupesanisa uye kusagutsikana Peter Abramovich kuzofara uye zvokuita. vaitaura ake akanga itsva mweya inomuda dzakaoma.

Zvinosuruvarisa mheni zvakasimba kutanga basa hunonyanya mutemo youmambo Russia richivezwa pfupi chete nokukurumidza sezvo. Muna 1911, akaurayiwa. Asi sezvo chinokosha nhaka akasiya kuzvizvarwa yemberi maindasitiri zvinogona kuSiberia uye East Far nharaunda, rinowedzera kukura randakapiwa ayo immigration itsika.

Rugare "chimurenga" Stolypin

Kuti tinzwisise chii vaiva zvinangwa Resettlement mutemo, uye chinangwa kuyera zvabuda, zvinokosha kuongorora kuchinja zvinoitwa Peter Abramovich. Sezvo Resettlement kuti vanhuwo zvavo kuSiberia chinhu chinokosha pamusoro Stolypin agrarian kuchinja, iyo anonziwo murimi mudiki.

Munhoroondo mabhuku, vazhinji akaritumidza kuti "chimurenga rugare", sezvo sarudzo akanga atora zvikuru - achinje mune zvokurima uye murimi mudiki kuti upenyu. Asi Kusagutsikana pakati pavanhu vakawanda, havana akaita se vanhu vakapiwa mukana wokusarudza ramangwana ravo - enda nokuti kukura kweSiberia, kana kugara European chikamu Russia.

Zvinokonzera murimi mudiki Stolypin kuchinja

Zvakabuda pokuchinja muna 1905 pachena - voruzhinji nzira murimi mudiki upenyu akararama richibatsira kwayo:

• Industrial kukura akanga hwakaipa,
• Russia akaramba ane agrarian simba,
• The Kusagutsikana vanhu vakakura.

Zvaida dzinokosha kuchinja uye kubudirira munyika zvoupfumi zvinogona. The chikuru Chinangwa Resettlement mutemo chaiwo kugadzira nzvimbo itsva.

At pakutanga XX remakore kunyatsoshanda kwezvirongwa nyika kwave vakatsoropodza nekuti vanhuwo zvavo aisada mari yakawanda basa munyika, iyo inogona chero nguva Vabvisa uye mumaoko imwe munharaunda. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kukura pachake uye pachake.

Immigration Gwaro aiva nechinangwa:

1. Iva chaiyo uye kuderedza Kusagutsikana pakati vanhuwo zvavo.

2. resettle vasingagutsikani vakawanda sezvo kure guru.

3. Kuti udzidze nyika itsva kuSiberia uye kuFar East.

4. Itai zvinhu nokuda maindasitiri kukura munyika.

Nhaka S. Yu. Vitte

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kudiwa kuchinja kunyange kunzwisisa S. Yu. Vitte. Mabasa ake akadzidza zvose nezvinetso mumhuri mutemo yeRussian Empire uye zvizere kupendwa nzira kuvandudza kwavari. The Pamazita zvakare zvaisanganisira mazuvaano nharaunda zvokurima - kureva kudiwa chacho nokukurumidza kukura (nokuda zvemichina uye kwete remaoko) uye nokuumba makwikwi chigadzirwa pamusika.

Pakugadzirira Stolypin kuchinja akashandisa zvakaitika Witte. Tinogona kutaura kuti Stolypin chinozoiswa ari zvokuchinja, vakagadzirira asi kwete yapera Witte chokuita basa. Zvisinei, imi hamugoni kuderedza kukosha Stolypin, sezvo akakwanisa vabvume chevaux Nicholas II muna kudiwa kwokuchinja uye akaita mupiro chinokosha sangano nedanho ravo kushandiswa zvinobatsira.

Zvichireva murimi mudiki nadzurudzo

Musimboti Resettlement chezvawanyora interconnected zvizere kukosha murimi mudiki kuchinja. Muna 1905, akakura pakarepo 2 matambudziko:

1. Economic.

2. Social.

First kwakunoitwa kushaya zvokudya uye kuderedza munyika zvokurima zvinogona. Communal purazi haana kupa mukana wakakwana pamwero kugadzirwa. The musika haasi mukuru mhikuriso chikurudziro - makwikwi.

Wechipiri - iri yokushomeka munyika arable. Kugadzirwa mundima Empire haana kubvumira varimi vawane nyika pachake kushandiswa. Pashure mutongo pachake runofarira kazhinji munharaunda masangano aiva seri nenhamba pakukura. Pano riri kudiwa kuti murimi mudiki kuchinja, chinoumba yaiva immigration itsika.

Results ane "chimurenga" rugare

The Pamusana agrarian kuchinja kwaiva nokubatanidzwazve munharaunda uye kusikwa paiva Varidzi. Izvi akabvumira Russian Empire kwemakore 10 kupinda yose okutengesa misika. From kuSiberia oga aivigirwa chinyorwa nhamba yemafuta uye gorosi. Russia yakanga iri kutungamirira panzvimbo yacho kunze kwenyika.

Mune zvokurima, paiva ane kwemaindasitiri. Kwenguva yakati nguva, mafekitari mazhinji processing mafuta uye gorosi dzakavakwa, uyewo ukama zvigadzirwa.

Kugadzirwa makwikwi waitwa Moscow uye St. Petersburg mabhizimisi hanya risanyatsobuda, mutoro yokusvika sangano yakawanda yokufaranuka vashandi.

Settlement kweSiberia uye kuFar East uye ipapo kubatsira kubva enyika pfungwa maonero. Undeveloped nzvimbo inogona akabatwa kunyika pedyo.

Resettlement negwaro Stolypin

Makore 40 asati kuchinja zvakagadzirwa Peter Abramovich, Siberia akaedza kugadzirisa nokutuma vasungwa kurongwa panguva yake pekukembera. Zvisinei, kubva pamuromo chidimbu chavagari, aneta ne upenyu mumusasa, kusimudzira nharaunda sezvo vakadaro havana kuitika. Hapana aida yokudziyira mumisha kurwara.

Kunyange 1889 zvakanzi zviri pamutemo akwanise chirongwa Resettlement kuSiberia, asi zvinozoita haina kuunzwa.

Panyaya iyi, Stolypin kwakasarudzwa kupa varimi vaishanda nesimba akazvipira kuenda kudzidza uye kukura shama nenyika Chokwadi, nemhaka runobatsira pavo. Kuti ape zvaifadza, takabvumirana kutama vagari uye mari munyika.

Havasi vose yakanga nyore, vakawanda vakadzokera. Asi nemhaka zvikurukuru enterprising varimi kuSiberia mumisha, makore mashoma gare gare pakanga magetsi pane haagoni vanozvirova kare undeveloped kwokurangana European Russia. misha Mhuri dzakawanda vakagamuchira mamiriro vatengesi, zvichiratidza dzakatsarukana upenyu hwavo panzvimbo itsva.

Hard nzira vakasununguka kunyika

vanhu vashoma rangarira, pakupindura mubvunzo "Zvakazofamba ari Resettlement mutemo?", About mumwe kubudirira inokosha. Kukura hwevanhu aibuda, kuwedzera basa, uyewo kukura indasitiri akabvumira munguva pfupi nguva kupedzisa kuvakwa kuSiberia njanji.

mugwagwa kuti aiva "ndarama-nzira" kuSiberia. Uye kwete chete nokuti kutakura mined nendarama dredges pamusoro payo. Vapfume chavagari nokuda kutengesa zviyo, furawa, ruomba nyama akava zvichibvira Vongai kuchiteshi mutsetse. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo w / shoko mwoyo mutsva vatama.

kuitwa kutamira

In zvose, vanenge 16% yevanhu havana midzi kuSiberia uye vakadzokera European chikamu Russia. Mumakore kuchinja makore - kubvira 1905 kusvika 1914 - vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 3,5 takasiya kuongorora kundima itsva, uye zviuru chete 500 akadzoka ..

Indigenous vanhu kweSiberia havana kufara pamusoro vavakidzani itsva vavo, kazhinji ndaona Kusanzwisisana pakati vanhu uye vatsva. Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko Eskimos, Khanty, Mansi uye mamwe marudzi kunzwisisa zvakanakira pamwe chete navatorwa, nekuti Vakavadzidzisa kuti kuverenga uye kunyora, akabvumira kushanda mabhizimisi, Makomborero yebudiriro, kusanganisira mushonga.

Kana pakutanga Resettlement vaigona kuverenga vanenge 18% vaigara kweSiberia, ipapo makore mashoma gare gare nhamba yavo uchibata 80%. Mumaguta, isu akasika chikoro, yechipiri uye dzidzo masangano.

Kutungamirirwa vakawanda munzvimbo

Okunze kweSiberia yakasiyana chaizvo zvatinosiita, kwete varidzi zvose vanoziva mitemo kurima rakaoma okunze. The Vagari aiva nguva yakaoma. Zvisinei, kutora pamusoro zvakaitika Nordic nyika uye zvemo vanhu North, vanhu vakakwanisa kunyora nguva kuenda kuMoscow uye St. Petersburg padanho kugadzirwa pane yokupedzisira vakanga chaizvo vasingagutsikane. Nicholas II zvinganaka kurambidza kutengeswa nhumbi kubva kweSiberia, asi nekuti nharaunda yayo yaiva chikamu Empire, haana akasuma mitemo yakadaro.

• By 1915 pamusoro Resettlement nyika dzakawanda dhazeni zvigayo dzakavakwa. Siberian rye uye furawa zvave mukuru kudiwa iri European kumusika.
• Livestock ari kukura nokukurumidza. Izvi zvakaguma kugadzirwa ruomba, mukaka nezvimwewo dheri zvigadzirwa. mafuta Siberian kutengeswa kunze, uyewo muripo vakawana mhiri kwemakungwa unyanzvi.
• Hazvibviri kutaura kuSiberia, regai kurangarira ndarama mugodhi. Munharaunda vanofarira vanoita namarudzi kukura. A yakawanda makambani kuti dzokubudisa zvendarama nesimbi kuripo pamusoro mari dzekunze, akapa pakutanga kusvikira pave migodhi itsva uye dredges. Vazhinji hava- regai kuwana kutsvakwa makomborero, vakapinda musango kuedza rombo ravo, kushanda miners.

Migumisiro Resettlement nomutemo Stolypin

Zvinangwa uye migumisiro Resettlement wokuti Peter Abramovich kare zvichishandurwa ambiguously. Munhu anofunga kuti basa pamusoro pokumuka ndima itsva dzakanga vakundikana. Namarudzi zvabvisa, havana kubudirira - havana kuwana mufaro vanhu vakadzokera European chikamu nyika varombo, kuti arambe achirema pakati chavagari kweSiberia uye kuFar East akaramba pasi. Zvisinei, vashoma kufunga maindasitiri kwaniso kuti zvokuchinja zvinhu paakavapa ndima iyi.

Naizvozvo, kupindura mubvunzo "Ko zvinangwa uye migumisiro Resettlement mutemo Stolypin" inomira tisingabatanidzi migumisiro murimi mudiki kuchinja. Pashure pakazara pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 kusvikira nhasi Siberia huru maindasitiri nharaunda. Izvi zvinogona kuva anokosha chinoratidza kubudirira inoitwa Petrom Arkadevichem murunyararo echimurenga kuchinja, kusanganisira Resettlement zvevagari European chikamu Russia.