Reserve carbohydrate zvinomera, ayo muchinangwa nedanho upenyu

Rimwe kudzivirira zvigadziriswe pakati zvirimwa nemhuka kubva yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu kwave kuunganidza chengetedza muviri. Very inoshanda mashandiro ari nguva kukwana yaunodya muviri kubva kunze.

Organic upenyu pasi redu ane kabhoni hwaro, iyo akaronga "kemisitiri" ari makemikari nyika.

"Chemistry" miti

Muitiro yemhindumupindu ezvinhu zvipenyu izvi akataura anoverengeka zvinokosha mhando zvinhu, zvakadai mapuroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi uye mafuta. Mumwe nomumwe wavo basa basa.

Mapuroteni (peptides, polypeptides) mu minda masero vanoumba zvakakwana kunzwisisa gadziriro, mumwe wavo - the photosynthetic.

Pamwe ichi, icho mutakuri Data mapuroteni muchitokisi nokupesana.

Kwemafuta kana triglycerides - dzinongoitika yeimwe glycerol uye monobasic mafuta acids. Basa kwemafuta mu chirimwa mumasero kunotsanangurwa STRUCTURAL uye simba chaitika.
Makabhohaidhiretsi (shuga, saccharides) ane carbonyl uye hydroxyl mapoka. The chikuru kunoita nyaya - simba. Secrete yakawanda makabhohaidhiretsi siyana, vose soluble uye insoluble mumvura. Uyewo, makemikari zvechadenga nomumwe carbohydrate kuona kwayo zvinokosha basa.

Starch - huru kuchengeterwa carbohydrate zvinomera

The insoluble makabhohaidhiretsi kuridza basa simba kuchengeterwa hwomuti. Huru kuchengeterwa fuma - carbohydrate miti - ndiko starch. Nokuda insolubility yaro mvura, anogona ichengetwe muchitokisi pasina kukanganisa osmotic uye ushande zvakanaka.

Kana zvakakodzera kuchengeterwa carbohydrate zvinomera - Vanonyanya kudya - ndiko hydrolyzed kuumba soluble shuga (shuga), uye mvura. The zvichiguma remubatanidzwa hunowanika nyore nyore uye dzainamatira kubudikidza kuitwa makemikari kupinda, carbon dioxide uye mvura, chinosunungura simba kunodiwa.

Reserve makabhohaidhiretsi mu chirimwa mumasero

Kune zvimwe makabhohaidhiretsi kuti ave simba chekuchengeta. Non-Musimboti kuchengeterwa zvinhu - carbohydrate miti - ndiko inulin. Anobvisa kuburikidza masero zvinomera ari soluble chimiro. Huwandu chikuru remubatanidzwa yakawanikwa miti akadai Dahlia, Jerusarema artichoke, gariki, uye Inula. Kazhinji, kufadza mari inowanikwa tubers uye midzi zvinomera.

In nedanho hydrolysis kana chinovira hwebetsero kuchengeterwa carbohydrate zvinomera uchiora kupinda fructose zvachose. Vanobatanidzwa Zvinoumba sucrose, ndiko nyore saccharide.

Huru kuchengeterwa carbohydrate mune miti - a starch. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe makabhohaidhiretsi kuwedzera inulin, achiita basa simba chekuchengeta. dzakawanda shuga-zvakadai zvinokuvadza vanogona kunzi naye. sucrose (tinoziva sezvo shuga) - Somuenzaniso, disaccharide iri iiswe midzi beets. michero Most nemiriwo vanonoke kuchengeterwa carbohydrate zvinomera muchimiro sucrose uye fructose. Sweet kunaka - chiratidzo kuvapo date mono- kana disaccharide.

Other simba chengetedzo miti

The hemicellulose ave kuchengeterwa inotonhorera. It ane refu kufanana chete faibha. Hazvina insoluble mumvura. Pasi zvinoitwa simba acids nayo rinotsemuka kupinda nyore monosaccharides. Iiswe membranes bota zhinji zviyo. Hemicellulose pokuoma chaizvo, uye dzimwe nguva rinonzi "miriwo dzenzou". Akashandiswa zvaAtemisi mabhatani, uye neindasitiri inogadzira mishonga. In nedanho kumera iri hydrolyzed ne makemikari zviri soluble shuga uye zvokudya zvaparadzwa embryo.

Kuwanikwa kupembedza makabhohaidhiretsi - chimiro tipone

Pfungwa inotungamirwa uye interconversion kuti makabhohaidhiretsi mu chirimwa masero ari chinokosha kunzwisisa metabolic mutoo mukati chirimwa sero. Makabhohaidhiretsi anogona kuridza basa simba okuchengetera kupa kudzivirira nematambudziko ezvinhu. In nedanho kumera mbeu uye tubers zvinopa zvinokosha zvinovaka muviri panguva kwokutanga nzendo chirimwa kukura.

Sero rimwe muti muviri - rakasiyana nemamwe maitiro. Uwandu vashandi "zvigadziriswe" zviri akafanana mufambi motokari miriyoni imwe. Chokwadi kunzwisisa maitiro akafanana yose chirimwa muchidimbu. The shasha uye zvakarurama zviriko zvose kuonekwa akakodzerwa ndikashamisika nekushamisika kukuru.