Culture pfungwa muna wemagariro evanhu

The tsika izwi kunoratidzwa unoreva zvakawanda uye rinoshandiswa kurondedzera kwemasayendisiti zvomudzimu, zvedzidzo, aesthetic kukura; mhando uye zvibereko zvomudzimu, njere uye unyanzvi mabasa; kutsanangura mamiriro munzanga, kwakavakirwa hurongwa vavanhu uye mutemo.

Pfungwa tsika mu evanhu wakakura kwazvo, inoreva chidzidzo chacho kusiyana izvi zvinhu.

Pfungwa netsika evanhu kubva vaongorori dzakasiyana siyana dzinoverengeka unhu, iyo pave prerequisites nokuda yavaive zvinotevera nzira nerondedzero yacho.

Muzvigadzirwa kusvika anofunga tsika iri Mupfungwa yakazara somunhu yoga azvipire kugadzirwa, uyewo zvose siyana zvoupenyu paruzhinji yose zvayo kubereka proivleniyah. Basa kusvika - sezvo dzakaunganidzwa yakasiyana zvitarisiko uye mhando mabasa zvokunyama uye zvokunamata uye migumisiro kwebasa iri. Ukoshi kusvika - somunhu zvoupenyu hwavo hwomudzimu umo tsika kwegadziriro tsika, mitemo uye dzidziso, uyewo nzira kutaura tsika idzi. Integrated kusvika kunoratidza kuti tsika nemagariro chinosanganisira kwakakwana uye yakajeka yokutevedzera maitiro evanhu, ayo vanowanika uye wakapiwa pachishandiswa zviratidzo, musimboti inoitwa zvetsika ukoshi pfungwa, wokupedzisira kusarudzwa chenhau nguva.

Pfungwa netsika evanhu uye ayo basa, nzvimbo hwevanhu ane zvakasiyana wezwi pakati dzenzvimbo maviri. The nzira yokutanga panyaya iyi - shanduka (Johann Gottfried mufudzi). Mariri, tsika kunoonekwa sechinhu mutsindo kukonzera kuvandudzika uye shanduka womunhu, ndiani anogona kuchinja nayo kuva okusika uye rinopindirana hwakanaka. The nzira yechipiri - dzinonetsa. Achidudzira tsika sezvo rinokosha achishandisa uranda womunhu uye ake mberi kushanduka ive chishandiso mauto utsinye munhu.

Mukusarudza evanhu vakaongorora pfungwa tsika sezvinotevera. Zhan Zhak Russo aidavira kuti upenyu mune pamakumbo zvakasikwa ndiyo chete zvakarurama, uye Anotsveyamisa tsika. Fridrih Nitsshe akanyora kuti munhu chezvematongerwe uncultured, uye tsika nemagariro inhoroondo ya muuranda ake uye kudzvinyirirwa zvakasikwa.

Oswald Spengler aidavira kuti tsika imwe neimwe ine magumo aro, iyo inoguma kukura yebudiriro. Tennis Ferdinand akauya dzidziso kusakwanisika wokushora tsika uye mararamiro. José Ortega and Gasset ndiye munyori tsika nemagariro kusava netariro, izvo zvinoreva kuti munhu ari nhengo vakawanda dzaro aifarira kuva nevamwe maitiro. The dambudziko panguva yebudiriro unesungano massivization tsika.

Russian tsika, vatsvakurudzi akadudzira pfungwa netsika evanhu havana chokwadi. Kudivi rimwe, izvozvo yakada tsika shanduka dzidziso, maererano izvo mberi nzanga pakutsvaga kukura tsika), uye pamusoro mumwe - kutsoropodza.

Zvinhu netsika evanhu vamire panze vari: tsika, mutauro, tsika, tsika, tsika, uye tsika. The zvibereko kupfuura zvinhu netsika - pfungwa kana pfungwa (kuti aronge nyika vavanhu), nhamba (govera nyika Links pakati vanhu), tsika (akaratidzwa vanhu zvaanotenda) uye mitemo (chengetedza maitiro evanhu).

Mhando netsika evanhu inotevera, zvichienderana dzimwe nzira dziri pachena.

On a zvenharaunda kana nenzvimbo: tsika dzokuMadokero, East, Europe, Africa, America, etc.

In anotevedzana hwaro: tsika yekare, tsika kuMiddle Ages, Renaissance, Modern uye Contemporary.

Maererano mhando evanhu kugadzirwa: zvokunyama (zvose kuti chokuita yevanhu zvakatipoteredza uye kusangana ayo zvinodiwa, kuti kwezvinhu divi upenyu, nzira inoshandiswa, maturusi simba zvivako, mapato ezvematongerwo enyika, etc.), pakunamata (zvinosanganisira kuzviitira zvinhu, kugadzwa, pfungwa, tsika uye zvekubuda vavo yemashoko maitiro) uye nemagariro (nevamwe, chinzvimbo, magariro masangano).