Relativity zvokuimba chitsungo

Izvi davi wefizikisi sezvo hurongwa, yave vachidzidza nekuita kufamba miviri. The chikuru chinoratidza sangano riri sangano iri muchadenga. Asi sangano pacharo kuti vanoona zvakasiyana zvichava zvakasiyana - ndiro relativity kuti zvokuimba inofamba. Amire parutivi pomugwagwa uye vakarinda kubvongodzwa motokari, tinoona kuti ndiye kana ari pedyo nesu, kana kubviswa, zvichienderana kutungamirirwa inofamba.

Zvepasi kwebasa muchina, tingaziva sei daro pakati mucherechedzi uye motokari. Panguva iyoyowo, kana tikagara mumotokari uye pamberi pedu chichava chete nokukurumidza kuenda imwe motokari, mberi vachava kuonekwa serinomiririra munzvimbo, nekuti daro haachinji pakati michina. Kubva nemaonero ane mucherechedzi amire parutivi pomugwagwa motokari ichifamba, tichitarisa vanhu - motokari iri mira.

Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mumwe mucherechedzi Zvinofungidzirwa sangano yazvo nenzira, kureva relativity zvokuimba inofamba pakutsvaga pfungwa iyo pakuongorora rinoitwa. Naizvozvo, nokuti kutsunga yakarurama muviri inofamba zvinokosha kusarudza pfungwa (muviri), iyo inofamba ngakuite achange kuitwa. Pano involuntarily pane pfungwa dzakadaro nzira kuti kudzidza kufamba kunoita kuti zviome kunzwisisa. Zvinoita uchida kuwana nguva, kana ukatarira kutama aizova "Mhedziso" uye kwete hama.

Kana tikadzidza kuti relativity inofamba, wefizikisi, uye vakaedza kuwana nzira yekupedza dambudziko iri. Masayendisiti, kushandisa mashoko akadai sa "rectilinear yunifomu inofamba" uye "kumhanya kufamba muviri," ndichiedza kuti uone sei muviri kuchaita hama kuti mucherechedzi, nedzimwe nokukurumidza. Somugumisiro, zvakanzi vakawana kuti mugumisiro pakuongorora kunoenderana nhamba yacho velocity uye inofamba dzomuviri hama nomumwe vacherechedzi. Kana velocity muviri zvikuru, zvino ari dzadzimwa kana zviri zvishoma, zvino kwava.

Nokuti Masvomhu vose zvokuimba ose dzenhoroondo Vanamakanika, unobva kumhanya, kure uye nguva akapfeka yunifomu zvitange. Zvinotevera mhedziso rinoratidza pacharo: ari relativity pamusoro zvokuimba inofamba - iri pfungwa kuti rinoreva nguva imwe nguva mumwe mucherechedzi. Dzidziso fomura rinonzi Galileo transformations. Ndiye aiva wokutanga dzenhoroondo hurongwa akagadzira pfungwa yacho relativity inofamba.

Zvinorehwa wokuGarireya transformations mumuviri chaizvo yakadzika. Maererano chekare Vanamakanika, ayo payakavakirwa havasi chete Panyika asi munyika yose. Zvinotevera mhedziso kubva ichi - zvakafanana nzvimbo (noruvara) yose. Uye kamwe inofamba zvakafanana mumativi ose, nzvimbo ine isotropic ehupfumi, i.e., ehupfumi ayo akafanana zvose kumativi.

Saka, zvinoitika kuti chinonyanya nyore zvokuimba mananara, rectilinear yunifomu inofamba uye pfungwa zvokuimba inofamba, kuva kunokosha kuwanikwa (kana pfungwa): pfungwa "nguva" chimwe vose, kureva, zviri pasi rose. Uyewo, zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo iri isotropic uye homogeneous, uye kuchinja Galileo kushanda munyika yose.

Hedzino dzimwe mhedziso kujairika zvinobva pakuongorora kubva kurutivi ari dzaipfuura, uyewo pakuedza zvokuimba ose dzenhoroondo Vanamakanika, Muitiro unobatanidza kumhanya, nzira uye nguva kuwana tsanangudzo zvaakaona. The nyore Pfungwa "relativity pakati zvokuimba inofamba," zvinoitika, kungaita kuti pose mhedziso kukanganisa nzwisiso wezvose.

Kana zvinhu nyaya dzekare wefizikisi. Mibvunzo chokuita relativity pamusoro zvokuimba inofamba uye mhedziso zvinotevera kubva pfungwa iyi.