State Nature Biosphere Reserve "Khanka" Primor: tsananguro

Munyaya ino tinoda kutaura pamusoro "Khanka" hunhu chengetedza. Riri pamusoro Western mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mubani Khanka, Chernigov, Khorol, Kirov, Spassky ruwa Primorye Territory. Reserve hwakagadzwa muna 1990 kuitira kudzivirira nzvimbo chando uye nesting shiri.

Uise chengetedza nzvimbo

"Khanka" State Nature Reserve iri kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva chikamu Primorsky Territory, pamhenderekedzo Lake Khanka, pedyo nomuganhu yeRussia-Chinese.

On mundima biosphere yeparutivi hunodzorwa herbaceous murove Mafuro. In zvachose pane dziri kugarwa makumi mana namasere mhando mhuka, uye vana vavo kunyange dziri muna Red muBhuku Russia. Reserve "Khanka" ane nzvimbo dzinopfuura 39 000 hectares. Izvi zvaisanganisira guru nzvimbo mvura Freshwater nyanza Khanka, izvo takapoteredzwa zvakakwana zvakawanda manyoro marshes.

Coastal nyika Lake Khanka akapfuma Marsh, kumafuro uye dondo uswa, chinonyanya kukosha vanoonekwa kuti manyoro Mafuro uye marshes. Coast rinofukidza dzakawanda tsanga, sedges, yakavhenganiswa uswa Mafuro.

Asi sezvo sango miti, ivo ichiparara. Vazhinji vavo pfungwa Luzanova chikomo. On nzvimbo iyi kukura Aspen, miouki Mongolian, lindens, vherevheti.

Nhoroondo dzakachengetedzwa nzvimbo

Kare muna 1971, ari Lake Khanka uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza vave kuzivikanwa wetlands nyika dzakawanda kukosha. Pfungwa rakasikwa munhu akadzivirirwa nzvimbo akaonekwa ari maviri remakore rapfuura. Yakanga chete muna 1990 pano kuchengeterwa "Khanka" akasikwa - wechiduku chaizvo, ndinogona kunyange kutaura kuti kumuduku dzakapoteredza Primorsky Krai.

Muna April 1996, kuRussia uye Chinese hurumende dzakasaina chibvumirano kumisa pahwaro China rwakadzivirira mapazi "Ito ~-Hu" Khanka uye akadzivirirwa nyika "Lake Khanka" chengetedza dzakawanda.

In nhamba duku peatland reserves izvozvo rakarongwa. Mumwe wavo - ndiyo nzvimbo "Pine". It yakarongwa 1965 asi. Kunewo reserves akadaro, "River" (1948), "Khanka" (1963), "Muponesi" (1962).

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti yose akadzivirira nzvimbo iri muzvikamu shanu dzoga zvachose:

1. Plot "Pine" nzvimbo 375 hectares.
2. "River" nzvimbo. nzvimbo yacho 12.494 hectares.
3. Plot "Melgunovsky" nzvimbo 300 hectares.
4. Nzvimbo "Dhiyabhorosi doro". nzvimbo yacho 16.641 hectares.
5. "Crane" nzvimbo. nzvimbo yacho 9479 hectares.

Climate

Reserve "Khanka" iri muna mapazi ose monsoon ekunze. Nekuti pano pane guru pamwaka uye diurnal tembiricha zvakasiyana. Winter munharaunda iyi zvishoma chando, uye chitubu - yakaoma uye muchitonhorera, zhizha - kuchinaya uye kudziya. Mugore, kunonaya zviri gogonera chaizvo. The coldest romwedzi gore ndiro January, tembiricha inogona akadonhedza kusvika -20 inegumi. Asi akanyanya kupisa nguva - July, apo tembiricha iri lämpömittari yakaiswa madhigirii 20.

ivhu

Prihantiyskie pamapani vari alluvial zvakasikwa. Vari aumba kubva mugungwa sediments, kunyanya ivhu uye loam. nyanza rakagumbatirwa jecha pasi. On yakakwirira zvikamu zviri loams. Asi pazuva sandara munzvimbo dzaitongwa deveteve uye hafu-deveteve ivhu. Peat jengachenga hakusi guru chaizvo - hapana anopfuura makumi mashanu masendimita. Uye pasi ndiro ivhu, inova isapinda layer iyo kunokonzera marshy pasi.

Nature chengetedza

Sezvatakamboreva, chokumbofanobata mapazi General chinangwa "Khanka" Reserve - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, neyamapani nhema Mafuro pamwe nomumachakwi uye dondo uswa. Coast of gungwa vashoma netsanga uye sedges. Miti yaiteverwa pamwe nemiti. Mujinga pezvikomo unokwanisa kuona manyoro paMaare. Forest zvishomanana. Songacha River pamahombekombe erwizi unogona kuona nzvimbo yacho isingawanzowanikwi nemiouki nemadota huni. Kumabvazuva pamhenderekedzo Lake Khanka kufukidza broadleaf masora. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti nemiti kuchengeterwa chinosanganisira 712 mhando vascular zvinomera: 32 - muti marudzi, 43 - pamakwenzi 3 - Woody mizambiringa, 9 - nemiti, 625 - herbaceous zvirimwa.

Bogs kufukidza vanenge makumi manomwe kubva muzana munzvimbo kudzivirirwa. A maitiro chinhu ndiyo maumbirwo yavo nyore. Izvi zvinoonekwa pakuti, sezvo mutemo, iri hunodzorwa imwe kana maviri kuti deveteve zvinomera, izvo zvachose kufukidza vakatora nyika. Kune mhando ina wetlands: petsanga, nerutsanga, petsanga, krupnotravnye uye donje uswa-petsanga.

Kana isu kutaura krupnotravnyh marshes, ivo kazhinji panofanira nomudonzvo, cattail mhuka mupunga, chinonhuwira dzose. Ndiwo Danho rokutanga eutrophication. Munguva unozotevera dewatering kuva petsanga, uye ipapo rutsanga-petsanga marshes, izvo akazonzi petsanga Mafuro. Zviri miviri iyi mvura vari dzinonetsa kuti waterfowl, izvo zvinowanikwa kwete chete kudzivirirwa asiwo zvakakodzera chikafu.

Meadows, akavapindurawo, akakamurwa mhando mbiri: dzanyorova, akanyorova. Saka, petsanga Mafuro vanomiririra asingasviki chimwe muzana munharaunda yose. Ivo vanoiswa zvikurukuru pamusoro marshy pasi. Yakakanyiwa misodzi kana zvakaipa. mamirire zvirimwa zvavo - skullcap, uzkolisty rutsanga, rutsanga Langsdorf. Herbs richikura akareba uye gobvu.

Asi Langsdorfeynikovye Mafuro vakaomerera machakwi pasi. Vakawana anokwana gumi mhando zvinomera. Grass uye zvakavhenganiswa uswa Mafuro uyewo pamusana hapana mhando anopfuura gumi zvinomera.

Asi rutsanga forb Mafuro akapa kare maviri miriwo, pakati pavo: bentgrass, Rue, Calamagrostis uzkolisty, bedstraw.

Birds tsvene

Reserve "Khanka" - paradhiso waterfowl uye hwemvura shiri. Vanosvika 336 rudzi akanyorwa pano. Uyezve, rine matanhatu amphibian rudzi nomwe marudzi nezvinokambaira, munewo vanozivikanwa Far Eastern hamba muna Red Book.

The kuchengeterwa kwakakosha panyaya maberekero uye pamwaka akatama shiri. In nharaunda iyi 110 mhando nesting shiri. Gore negore pane anenge 25 yegwara nesting matsvuku korona Cranes, 8 majoko duarskih Cranes. Uwandu neimwe mhando Crane anosvika zana vanhu. The kuwedzera kuchangobva kuitwa nhamba Far Eastern shuramurove, zvino vari nesting uye 25 nomwe. Munguva uremu pamusoro chitubu shiri vaitamira Hanke anomira kusvika 500 zviuru mhando duck, shiri uye swans. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye Zvaifadza kuona. Unogona kufungidzira incredible nhamba shiri panguva imwe chete kusimbiswa rimwe, kunyange guru dziva.

MuRussia chete "Khanka" dura dendere chiripo Egret uye Reed Parrotbill.

On hunhu kuchengeterwa hwakanyorwa 69 mhando hove, 9 vavo akarongwa se panjodzi. Mumvura dzakachengetedzwa zviri kukonzera nhandare Plagiognathops Microlepis, knot-Auha, dema Amur bream, uye Catfish Soldatov.

mhuka nyika

"Khanka" kuchengeterwa, mhuka yakasiyana howa siyana, unozvikudza isingawanzowanikwi chaizvo zviitiko. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti uri mundima kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo wakanyorwa zvisingawanzoitiki mhando dzakawanda dzakanyorwa muna Red Book uye Red Book of Russian Primorye, kure kupfuura zvimwe mutambo reserves. Reserve "Khanka" anopindura nzvimbo yokutanga pakati munzvimbo yakadzivirirwa kubva Primorsky Territory. Pakati 112 mhuka chisingawanzowaniki mudunhu rino 60 zvinowanikwa chengetedza.

Pano akanyorawo marudzi 45 mhuka. The mazita avo vanogara anogara munharaunda, kusanganisira 8 mhando insectivores, 12 nemakonzo, 9 mhando dzinodya dzimwe shiri, lagomorphs 2 uye mumwe hoofed. Rare mhuka vari vanomiririrwa zvipenyu zvina. Vari zvose dzakanyorwa muna Red Book.

On mundima kuchengeterwa ndiyo inonyanya nemakonzo akadai munda mbeva, wachena gonzo, Far East vole, Dahurian BoyzMikaro, Amur tyoni, hombe chena-toothed shrew. In Mafuro muzvizhinji nemharapara chinogara kumusoro rekushongedzesa. Munzvimbo idzi dziri chete kuchinja mashava uye eHimalaya nemapere. Uyewo ari mundima mhuka akadzivirirwa mapazi mhenyu akanyorwa muna Red muBhuku Russia. Pakati pavo yakakurumbira Siberian ingwe, uye tsvuku mhumhi, Far leatherback hamba.

Pane mhuka idzodzo kuti kugara kana neapo kuenda contiguous ndima: eHimalaya uye shava mabheya, mink, dzomusango, Tigers, mavara nondo uye wapiti.

vanhu Ancient

The kuchengeterwa pachitsuwa Riabokon akawana kupaka yekare vanhu. The tanga anowana ndezvaJehovha Old Stone Age, ivo pamusana anenge 15 zviuru zvemakore.

Uyezve, vakaonawo mangwanani neolithic pazvivako, vaisvika makore 7500, uyewo mukupera neolithic nguva (Makore 5000), yendarira Age uye Iron.

Masayendisiti anodavira Reserve rakasiyana nzvimbo imwe nzvimbo duku iri pfungwa zvizhinji zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo chokuita zvakasiyana-siyana vemazera.

Izvi pano inzvimbo yakanaka - "Khanka" chengetedza. Primor kumwe ane vakawanda matongo dzakadaro.

nzvimbo Unique pamusoro chengetedza

Kubva esayenzi maonero, pane zvachose nemamwe zvinhu zviri kuchengeterwa. Imwe nzanga oxytrope Khanka, anogara ari Cape Arsenyev, Cape Przewalski uye Pine Island.

Mukuwedzera, dzakachengetedzwa munyika rikure (mu Ilistaya estuary) rakasiyana mumatenhere lotus Komarov.

Asi Melgunovka estuary Anozvirumbidza chikuru muhutongi herons kuFar East. Panguva chitubu vaitamira nzvimbo ino ndiyo zvipfuyo shiri hombe.

Riabokon pachitsuwa, kumhenderekedzo yokumaodzanyemba, ndiyo chete nzvimbo iri Maritime nharaunda, apo kukura licorice blednotsvetnaya, vakanyorwa muna Red muBhuku Primorye.

Sei kuti chengetedza?

The pedyo kweguta Reserve - nayo Spassk-Far. Ndiyo apo Hurumende wachengeta Khanka nharaunda. Riri 220 chete kubva Vladivostok. Kubva kwaari Spassk Far ingasvikwa nebhazi. Iye anofamba nguva chete pazuva.

Address Kutarisirwa: Primorsky Territory, Spassk-Far, Ershov mumugwagwa, 10.

panzvimbo imwe epilogue

"Khanka" Reserve - muduku ari Maritime nharaunda. Zvisinei, Lake Khanka, riri mundima yayo, kubvira kare kuchengeterwa nyika dzakawanda kukosha shiri. Chaizvoizvo, chinangwa kuchengeterwa kudzidzwa uye kuchengetedzwa zvakasikwa uye pezvakaitwa, chokuwanziridza uye pakuchengetedza Gene dziva kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. On zvakatipoteredza mamiriro ndima sei neboka guru Kuwanda isingawanzowanikwi uye pangozi zvinomera uye mhuka. The Reserve ibhuku rakasiyana nzvimbo ine wevasungwa guru shiri, zvichiita yakasiyana uye zvikuru kuti shiri dzinotama.