Pyramidal motokari nzira. Zviratidzo zviri pyramidal gwara

Uropi hwedu - rakasiyana mnogokompleksnaya hurongwa kuti anodzora zvose kutsinga dzinouya uye vestibular midziyo, kufamba, pfungwa, kutaura, chiratidzo uye zvakawanda.

Nyaya ino nezvazvo sei uropi anotonga yokuzvidira uye involuntary kufamba. Uye ndeapi chetsinga abnormalities chokuita kuvadza pyramidal ezvinhu uropi.

Pyramidal uye extrapyramidal nzira

Pyramidal hurongwa chinosanganisira pyramidal uye extrapyramidal anotenderera. Ndoupi musiyano? Pyramidal nzira, kana tractus pyramidalis, - icho nzira unobatanidza Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu ari cortex anokonzera gwenya basa, pamwe nuclei pamusoro musana uye cranial tsinga dhipatimendi. basa rake - kudzora yokuzvidira tsandanyama kufamba, kupfuura musimboti tsinga anonongedzera kune muviri. Asi extrapyramidal, izvozvo anotonga chavanoziva vakaumbwa hunenge muviri wedu. Inonyanya kare uye mamwe zvakadzama nemamiriro uropi, uye zviratidzo zvayo haamo mupfungwa.

Extrapyramidal uye pyramidal - nzira nomurwizi. A achifumira chikuru nzira anokonzera nokupfuuridzirwa mashoko kubva pfungwa kuuropi. Idzi dzinosanganisira: lateral musana thalamic mugwagwa musana cerebellar uye posterior musana cerebellar.

Pyramidal gwara wouropi. mamiriro

Vari akakamurwa 2 mhando: asi cortico-musana uye cortical-yenyukireya. Cortico-musana ndiye anokonzera kufamba hunde, iyo cortico-yenyukireya chidhiraivho tsandanyama dzechiso uye kumedza.

ari cortico-musana pyramidal nzira sei? Rinotanga magetsi nzira kubva cerebral cortex - nharaunda iri anokonzera dzakakwirira mupfungwa basa chavanoziva. The nemakwati ine zvachose kuti interconnected Neural network. Anopfuura bhiriyoni 14 Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu vari pfungwa iri goko.

Hemispheric Information redistributed nenzira kuti zvose chokuita basa repasi wamativi, iri munzvimbo yepamusoro chikamu, uye kuti, sezvo kumusoro, pamusoro zvinopesana, panzvimbo dzapasi zvivako.

anonongedzera All kubva okumusoro dzapasi goko anounganidzwa uye hwakatamisirwa zvemukati Kamudzira. Zvadaro, kuburikidza midbrain uye napakati mugove bhiriji danda anosuwa etsinga fibers piramidhi medulla.

Apa pane branching: mugove chikuru fibers (80%) anoenda mhiri muviri nokuumba munhu lateral cerebrospinal gwara. Matavi awa "rukungiso" motoneurons, izvo zvinogona zvino kutapurira anonongedzera kuti kubata kana kuzorora tsandanyama nechekare zvakananga. A mugove diki internet tsapo (20%) motoneurons innervate "pachake" divi.

pakutanga Cortico-renyukireya pyramidal nzira inoenda kuburikidza chete uropi hurongwa se ake "shamwari", asi inoita takayambuka atova midbrain uye anoenda kuna chiso Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu.

Anatomical zvinhu zvinokosha nechirwere

Pyramidal gwara rine zvimwe zvinhu mamiriro ayo, zvisingagone kufuratirwa kana zvakakodzera kuti azive localization pakati zvokurwara. Chii zvikurukuru vanofanira kuziva?

1. Part of etsinga fibers corticospinal nzira pane muchinjikwa lateral pamusoro, kunyange muchinjikwa chena commissure pamusoro musana chidimbu, apo painoguma.
2. Vazhinji tsandanyama muviri raitungamirwa hemispheres maviri uropi. Ichi kudzivirirwa inokosha. Kana sitiroko kana sitiroko avo varwere vari panoonekwa "hemiplegia" anogona kuramba muviri vertically.
3. The fibers uropi zambuko nzvimbo corticospinal nzira dzakaparadzaniswa mamwe fibers - cerebellar nzira. vakaparadzana matanda enda kubva zambuko. Panyaya iyi, kufamba zvirwere zvinowanzotaurwa akapararira. Nepo pathological pfungwa kunogona chete.

Zviratidzo zviri pyramidal gwara dzimwe nguva zvakajeka zvikuru, sezvo panyaya kuoma rezasi maoko nemakumbo, somuenzaniso. Asi dzimwe nguva kuti zvakaoma kuziva chikonzero. Zvinokosha kuona hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka duku iri injini unyanzvi uye kuuya chiremba.

Zviratidzo kukuvara. nhanho

Clinical kuratidzwa kutyorwa conductive pyramidal gwara kuvimba chaizvo izvo dhipatimendi pane kuvadza etsinga fibers. Kune akawanda kwevari kukuvara injini basa kubva wakakwana rutivi rwomuviri kuti nekaupenyu zvakanaka kwepfungwa.

Saka, neurology rinozivisa zvinotevera nhanho yokuparadza pyramidal gwara:

1. Central monoparesis (kuremara). Kutyorwa dziri mu cerebral cortex (kuruboshwe kana kurudyi).
2. Central hemiparesis. Yomukati Kamudzira node.
3. Various rakatumbuka hemiplegia - njodzi nzvimbo uropi hunde.
4. kuoma Mbabvu. Mumwe divi tambo iri musana.

Central rutivi rwomuviri pamwe pfungwa kukuvadza Kamudzira uye Hemisférios Cerebrais vanoonekwa ne chokwadi kuti basa tsandanyama wakaputsika pakatarisana muviri hama kuti lesion nzvimbo. Pashure pezvose, mune tsinga mabasa kuyambuka pyramidal gwara. Kureva kuti fibers kune kudivi kana lateral musana gwara. In kwainoita dhayagiramu rinoratidza sei pyramidal nzira, anatomi iyo yave rwa pamusoro, inoita takayambuka uye ichifamba.

Kana kuvadza musana lateral chikamu kwakakanganiswa tsandanyama kudivi rimwe, apo kukuvara.

Neuropathology. Peripheral uye nechepakati kuremara

Tsinga fibers pasi maikorosikopu zvakafanana norwonzi. basa ravo rinokosha chaizvo nokuda muviri. Kana mukaputsa conductivity, tsandanyama mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri havazokwanisi kugamuchira anonongedzera pane imwe chikamu huta cheni. Izvi achaita dzomuviri. Rutivi rwomuviri rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: nechepakati uye peripheral.

Kana vakakanganisa chimwe nechepakati injini tsinga mu "pomumbure", pane musimboti dzomuviri. Uye kana dambudziko rine peripheral gwenya tsinga dzomuviri kuri peripheral.

Kana flaccid rutivi rwomuviri chiremba anoona vasanyanye chetsandanyama matauriro uye simba kuderera kwetsandanyama. Mudzira hunenge vachange kuderedzwa kana zvachose.

Zvakasiyana panguva nechepakati dzomuviri. Zvadaro pane hyperreflexia, wakawedzera tsandanyama matauriro, dzimwe nguva pane contractures.

Pyramidal insufficiency vachangoberekwa. zvikonzero

Zviratidzo gwenya vanotaura ari mwana ane chinoshamisa twitching, kana uitirwe zvakasiyana pane vamwe vana - pamusoro tiptoe; kana kururama marongero chemabhazi. Zvikonzero wehurumende iyi mwana angava:

• underdevelopment uropi (musana kana pfungwa);
• kuberekwa kunotevera, kana kukuvaradzwa parietal akafukidza uropi kana uropi hunde, kutyora pyramidal nzira zvachose natswa;
• nhaka zvirwere tsinga.
• hypoxia;
• chepfungwa ropa mushure kuzvara;
• Zvirwere, akadai yomumuzongoza kana arachnoiditis.

Kurapa munhu akura kuramba zvinodhaka. Asi vana zviri nani kushandisa nzira dzakadai panyama kurapa, masaja uye mavhitaminzi. Kana pasina mota muuropi kana zvimwe kukuvara, gore upenyu chokutanga kuvandudzika.

Paresthesia uye myoclonus

Kutyora remuromo nomuzongoza kunotungamirira paresthesia. Izvi neuropathy kunoratidzwa kutsinga dzinouya vachivavhiringidza. Munhu anogona kana kuita havataurirani ganda nehanya kana tingling kunzwa mumuviri. Paresthesia aibata tichibatsirwa jekiseni, Chinyorwa kurapa kana physiotherapy. Uye, chokwadi, unofanira kubvisa chinokonzera neuropathy.

Chimwe kukundwa pyramidal turakiti, saka kufamba basa - ndiko myoclonus - involuntary jerking.

Myoclonus kuuya munzira dzakawanda:

• mutinhimira myoclonic marwadzo yoga mhasuro mapoka;
• velopalatinnye rutapudzo - rutapudzo pamusoro arrhythmic rurimi kamwe, kana huro;
• postural myoclonus;
• cortical;
• myoclonus pakupindura gwenya basa (vatambi).

Myoclonus, kana cortical myoclonus - chirwere etsinga conductive nzira kunokonzerwa nenyonganyonga iri injini nzvimbo wouropi. Ndiko, pakutanga pamusoro pyramidal gwara. Kana "kukundikana" cortex, anonongedzera kuti tsandanyama kuti asvike kare akavhiringika.

Zvisinei kunokonzera injini vachivavhiringidza pyramidal gwara kungava kusava magnesium, uye psycho-mupfungwa kana mumuviri kushushikana, uye nezvimwe zvinokonzera zhinji. Naizvozvo, nechirwere anofanira kuisa chiremba pashure pokuongorora MRI.

Diagnosing zvirwere

The rigone fungidziro iri pyramidal nzira, achifumira kubudikidza ndiye uya transmits anonongedzera kuburikidza nomuviri kuti musana of CNS. Anowira, Asiwo, izvozvo transmits anonongedzera kuuropi Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu.

Yokusarudza maitiro zvinovhiringidzika uye kusvika papi, chiremba wetsinga dzimwe ongororo rinoongorora chine parameters nezveurongwa uye tsandanyama, uye mapfundo, uye tsinga hunenge.

Wetsinga anoitisa chirwere nzira dzakadaro:

• rinoongorora kuwanda inofamba mapfundo ose;
• tarisa yakadzika hunenge, akatarira, kana pathological hunenge ;
• verifies kuti vose chiso etsinga;
• It anoyera magetsi conductivity tsandanyama, kwavakabva potentials;
• rinoongorora tsandanyama simba;
• uye vanosungirwa kuti dziongorore kuti pane pathological clonic sunga.

Kana chiremba wetsinga anoongorora kuwanda inofamba, rwunotanga kutanga kuongorora makuru mapfundo, uye ipapo rinoongorora yakaisvonaka. Kureva, tanga kuongorora pamapfudzi vadyi, ipapo kugokora uye chiningoningo.

The kukundwa of cortico-renyukireya nzira

Pyramidal nzira ndiyo nheyo kufamba zvose muviri, kwete chete tsandanyama, asi chiso. The axons chiso chake injini Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu wokushandura anonongedzera siyana kuti tsandanyama. Funga mashoko. Dual Musimboti motoneurons innervate tsandanyama ari pharynx, dokeriro, nyoro mukanwa, uye kunyange tsandanyama yokumusoro yegurokuro. Motoneurons of trigeminal etsinga ndiye anokonzera basa vamwe masticatory tsandanyama, uye avo kuti kupa chiratidzo kutapudzwa pamusoro eardrum. Separate injini Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuderedza tsandanyama dzechiso kana isu kunyemwerera kana finyanya. Ichi sezvimwe Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Rimwe boka tsandanyama mhosva kufamba kwemaziso uye anopenya.

kutungamirira dzouropi kukundwa vakafungisisa "omurume" tsandanyama naye. Pfungwa iyi inobva rose pyramidal nzira. Neurology chiso tsinga kunotungamirira hachifadzi chaizvo nemigumisiro. Zvisinei, kufamba eyeballs uye kumedza kazhinji vakachengetedzwa.

Worth ataura kuti zvachose shutdown kuti tsandanyama dzechiso nokudzora uropi chidimbu kunoitika chete kana akamurova uye kurudyi nekuruboshwe hemisphere. Most chiso Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu zvinodzorwa nokusarurama, uyewo tsandanyama ari hunde. Yaitsigira divi akayambuka fibers kuenda chete kunzvimbo dzakaderera chikamu chiso, dzinova tsandanyama rurimi uye kuderedza shaya.

The kukundwa injini nzvimbo chepfungwa cortex

Kana Pamusana kunotevera injini zvakakuvadza nharaunda iri cortex mumwe hemispheres, munhu paralyzes rimwe divi. Kana kukuvaradzwa vose hemispheres, bilateral dzomuviri. Kana nzvimbo izvi vari kuona kufara, kunokonzerwa yomunharaunda kana nechepakati nokugwinha. Kakawanda pfari zvingaratidza kukura netsviyo.

Zviratidzo zviri pyramidal gwara pachiyero uropi hunde

Sezvo pachiyero uropi hunde (medulla uye pons) rinowanika chaiyambuka fibers, kana kukundwa pezvivako izvi gamiplaziya nechekare kuitika mhiri muviri. chiratidzo ichi anonzi rakatumbuka dzomuviri.

Pyramidal nzira ndiyo hwaro hwakanaka motokari unyanzvi. Kana kunyange zvishoma tagovera pfungwa hunde, vanotambura duku fambisa minwe.

Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana syndromes, zvakajeka uye zvizere ichirondedzera kutyorwa kukanganisa basa kuteererwa pyramidal nzira: Avellisa syndromes, Schmidt, Wallenberg-Zakharchenko nevamwe. Kazhinji zviratidzo izvi syndromes chiremba anogona kuona chaiyo nzvimbo yacho kutyora conductive nzira kuna Analyses.