Thomas Malthus Dzidziso vemo

Thomas Robert Malthus chikuru mutsvakurudzi kuti zvoupfumi muEngland. mabasa ake zvakatobudiswa pakutanga XIX remakore, uye akaita chaizvo makakatanwa ari madenderedzwa zvesayenzi. Zvisinei, kusvika pamwero wakati, maonero ake havana kurasa kwayo kushanda uye achiri.

Tanga Malthus tsvakurudzo

Thomas Robert Malthus akaberekerwa yakabudirira mhuri muridzi womunda pedyo London. baba vake vaiva munhu akangwara kwazvo uye vakadzidza murume, uyo akataura nevakawanda vazivi uye nezvoupfumi nguva yake. Sezvo Thomas aiva mwana muduku mumhuri, netsika, aifanira kutora gwara pakunamata basa. Pashure pokudzidza panguva College kuCambridge University, iye akagadzwa uye akava mupristi womunharaunda.

Pasinei neizvi, Thomas Malthus, aichimbova anogara hanya kwesainzi, panguva imwe chete anotanga kumhanya mudzidzisi yokukoreji. Anenge zvose nguva yavo yokuzorora anopedza pamwe baba vake kukurukurirana kuti vanozviitira kuti ukama dzinongoitika ezvinhu uye upfumi.

What Malthus kudzidza?

Kufanana nevamwe vatsvakurudzi kare mumunda dzezvoupfumi, nyaya Paaidzidza Malthus akaona zvigadziriswe augmentation pfuma, zvinoreva kuti zvinhu kugadzirwa. Ari kuedza kubatanidza nyaya vemo uye upfumi kukura.

Nheyo Population Thomas Malthus akava hwaro mabasa masayendisiti akadai Charles Darwin, Ricardo nevamwe. Nyaya yokudana yakanga rakawedzerazve kubudikidza Malthus mubhuku rake rinonzi. The chikuru Pfungwa dzidziso dzake kuti nhamba yevanhu ine rakananga kukanganisa zvakanaka muvanhu.

Kuwanda rudzi Homo Sapiens, anoti Malthus, zvakatanga kukura chete anenge 8 zviuru apfuura, apo kuvhima uye kuungana chikatsiviwa munhu ndakagara mararamiro. Panguva iyoyo, munyika yose, pane vanenge mamiriyoni 10. Man. Zvino uwandu vepasi anotanga nokukurumidza kukura. Nechekare muna 1820, nhamba iyi inokwira vanhu bhiriyoni imwe. By 1959 aiva nhamba yevanhu Panyika atova vanenge mabhiriyoni matatu. Padikidiki 13 Makore Billion Five Vanhu akaberekwa.

Nemashoko mapfupi pfungwa

Mutemo Thomas Malthus anoti papfungwa, izvo iripo mune zvose zvipenyu, vanovamanikidza muwande nokukurumidza - kudarika rinogona kubvumwa dzinoshandiswa wekambani mari zvokudya uye zvinhu zviri. Migumisiro ichi yomurayiro uye yatovapo dzakazvitsaurira vake basa.

Malthus akataura kuti, pasinei instinctual Zvifambiso murume senzwi chikonzero kunouya. Pashure pezvose, zvimwe havazokwanisi vana vake vose zvokudya. Kana munhu anoteerera ichi pfungwa chinoumba, zvinonzi varehwa Thomas Malthus, pachava "tichiregeredza simba." Kana ikakuteerera inzwi papfungwa uye kuita kuti pave nevana - vanhu pachamera nokukurumidza kupfuura anobvumirwa mari iripo uye, naizvozvo, uchatanga kutapudzwa. Masayendisiti cherechedza kuti kusava zvokudya zvinofanira kuchinja chitsama zvavo.

Bhuku rokutanga kubudiswa Tomas Maltus, akanga kusazivikanwa. Rakabudiswa muna 1798, uye akaita chaizvo nokutsoropodzwa uye kurwiswa. Kuitira kuvandudza zvaakasika, Malthus anoenderera rwendo kuburikidza maguta Europe. Pashure pemakore mashanu, iye ari kuzodzosera achivaratidza chinyorwa ichi - asi pasi zita rake pachake. In yose, munguva upenyu Malthus wake bhuku akabuda kashanu, uye nguva imwe neimwe riparadzirwe yakanga ichiwedzera.

Nyore Malthusianism

pfungwa dzake akagashira mhinduro kukuru kare pamusoro nhandare dzaiva nyore uye havana zvinoda kurapwa kunzwisisa chokwadi kana kuenzanisa zvokufungidzira. Zvose kuti chakaitwa Malthus - the Kuongorora zviri muupenyu. Ake mhedziso sokuti pachena: hakusi kwechokwadi kana nzvimbo kuti munhu anogona bereka chete insofar sezvo anogona kufudza mwana? Thomas Malthus akataura kuti vanogara kukura inowanzopiwa runoratidzwa geometric kunoita, apo kuwedzera makomborero zvoupfumi - mu svomhu.

Resources nechouviri Malthus kuzvibatanidza chikafu. Maererano pfungwa nguva yake, kuwedzera nokukurumidza kurimwa vanokwanisa zvakanga zvisingaiti. Zvechokwadi, kuvandudzika zvemichina achiri kuenda kunonoka, uye zviwanikwa nguva dzose shoma.

nezvayakaipira dzidziso

Muchiitiko chino, Malthus aiva nechokwadi chokuti kunyange pfuma guta pasi hapana ezvinhu asingagoni kubhadhara ose nguva kudzikira coefficients ivhu wembereko. Kutya nzara - ichi ndicho chete mamiriro zvinokonzera munhu kubva kusingadzorwi maberekero, anoti Thomas Malthus. Saka Population dzidziso aiva kutadza zhinji uye kungoreva zvakaita munhu nechomukati pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, nhumbu vatsvakurudzi funga "unzenza", uye chikumbiro chavo kunzi "zvisingagamuchiriki chero zvodini." Masayendisiti akawanda vanodavira kuti Statistical Masvomhu kuti dzidziso dzake haamiri kusvikira kudhumhana pamwe empirical zviratidzi nguva idzodzo.

Malthusian dzidziso nhasi

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pfungwa Thomas Malthus angabatsira zvinonyatsorehwa kukura. Zvisinei, kugadzirisa chenjera matambudziko evanhu, zvinosuwisa, zviri kushanda pasina. Zvinodavirwa kuti nyanzvi ano, overpopulation dambudziko nhasi haisi kubvisa musiyano pakati chaiko uye Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri chitsama vemo. Matanho anodiwa munzanga mutemo vanofanira chokuita kugarwa ari trajectory chokubereka. Uyezve, zvichangobva kudzidzwa zvinoratidza kuti hwevanhu kukura chinhu chinodiwa kuti kukura uye upfumi.