Observatory Greenwich (London)

Greenwich Observatory, vaipfeka kwenguva refu mamiriro "youmambo" kwava muchadenga sangano rakakura, kwete chete muBritain asiwo munyika.

The initiator kwayo zvisikwa aiva Charles II. Chinangwa chikuru kunyatsotsanangura zvaikosha vafambisi ose nenzvimbo Coordinates. Anecdotal uchapupu pamusoro nzvimbo nenzvimbo Nzvimbo kazhinji kukonzera kurasikirwa ngarava uye kunyange rufu.

Greenwich Observatory aifanira kuva zvikuru inobatanidza chinhu icho vafambisi aigona kuvimba. The anounganidzwa uye kupatsanurwa date anobvumirwa nyore kufamba mu Nokuwanda kwakaita mumakungwa uye makungwa uye kutsvaka nzira, kunyange kana iwe Tsaukira mugwara.

Hwaro nokuyerwa akaisa Longitude - Geographic coordinates inoshandiswa pakuverenga daro pakati pfungwa uye mumwe munhu kuwana nezverimwe.

The kukarukureta pamusoro Longitude panyika haana kuoma - akanga akatooneka kuongorora zviridzwa. Asi gungwa (kana yomugungwa) kushandisa kwakajairika nzira zvisingaiti, nekuti nevamwe zvinhu hazvina kuiswa mvura pamusoro. A nzira yakavimbika yokuona Longitude mugungwa haana kurarama kusvikira nemisere remakore.

England, ari nepagungwa simba, ari kushingaira kutsvaka nzira yokuziva Longitude riri yakazaruka expanses mvura.

Zvechokwadi, zvaibvira kufamba sakare, nyeredzi. Asi zvakajeka izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana. Hongu, uye benchmarks izvi nomusi izuva ramakore ari bvungapfunga hazvina kushanda.

Muna 1675 (March) Charles II anogadza John Flamsteed nezvenyeredzi Royal. Mukomana mufundisi-makore 28 okuberekwa, kutitungamirira: "... uchinyanya nesimba uye nokungwarira kuti atore hwokuyananisa tafura matenga kufamba uye chinzvimbo chiedza uye kuvandudza unyanzvi wekushandisa ...".

Mugore iroro (mu March), kuti Greenwich Observatory anowana pasi basa. The akataura zvabuda inobudiswa yokutanga "Marine Almanac" pashure pemakore maviri chete pashure kutanga pakuongorora.

The guru basa kuitwa muna Greenwich Observatory, chaizvoizvo flips zvomumvura kufamba uye anopa UK mukana kuva chikuru compiler kuti zvomumvura (gungwa kuenda) makadhi.

Zvisinei, nyika dzakawanda vakaramba kushandisa kwavo hurongwa nokuyerwa Longitude pachavo.

Italy rinotarisa chinhu Meridian iri Naples, Switzerland - mu Stockholm, Spain - ferro muFrance - muParis. Asi kudiwa nevakawanda nguva bhuku gadziriro yenyika uye Longitude raiva pachena.

Panyaya iyi, kwakasarudzwa kuronga imwe International Conference (1884). Kwemwedzi wose vamiririri venyika maviri namashanu havana kukwanisa kusvika nzwisisa. Pakupedzisira, rakava bhuku pfungwa Greenwich muLondon, anozivikanwa ikozvino sezvo Greenwich Meridian. Longitude akasarudza kuyera mbiri mirayiridzo - akanaka (mabvazuva longitude) uye kunaka (kumavirira).

Street chiedza muLondon yava 1930 rakajeka, uye zvakare kutevera-up nyeredzi muzvirevo hurumende zvakanga zvisingaiti kare. Greenwich Observatory vakatamira Herstmonceux (neSussex County, 70? Km kubva panzvimbo aimbova Observatory nzvimbo). The yasara boka zvivako akapfuura kuna National Maritime Museum. Muna 1990, nyanzvi vaifanira kufamba zvakare, panguva ino Cambridge. Muna 1998, ivo Greenwich Observatory (Royal) rakavharwa.