Nyika yekutanga-capitalist. Aimbova nyika huru. Kubudirira kwezvoupfumi kwenyika hurumende

Munguva yeCold War, nyika yehurumende yeUnited States of America yakatarisana nehurumende yehutongerwo enyika yeU.SR. Kusangana pakati pemafungiro maviri uye maitiro ehupfumi akavakirwa pazvakaguma zvakaguma mumakore ekurwisana. Kuwa kweUSSR kwakaratidza kwete kuguma kwenguva yose, asiwo kuwa kwemazino socialist yemupfumi. Soviet republics, ikozvino yava nyika-capitalist, zvisinei kwete nenzira yakachena.

Scientific term uye pfungwa

Kuita zvematongerwo enyika ndezvehupfumi hunotungamirirwa nehupfumi hwevamwe nzira dzekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwavo kwebatsiro. Mamiriro ezvinhu mumamiriro ezvinhu aya haaparadzi zvinhu uye haagadziri mutengo kwavari. Asi iyi ndiyo nyaya yakanaka.

IU.SA ndiyo inotungamirira nyika inotungamira hurumende. Zvisinei, kunyange iye asingashandisi pfungwa iyi nenzira yakachena pakuita kubvira Kubva Kudenga Kukuru kwema1930, apo zvipingamupinyi zvakaoma zveCeynesian zvakabvumira kuti hupfumi hutevere mushure mekukonzera. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemazuva ano hazvivimbi kubudirira kwavo chete mumitemo yemusika, asi shandisa nzira dzekugadzirisa nekugadzira matanho. Zvisinei, kubva pane izvi havasi kurega kuva mutungamiri wenyika mumutauro wavo.

Zvinotarisirwa kuchinja

Pfuma yenyika ye capitalist yakavakwa pamitemo imwe chete, asi imwe neimwe inayo inokosha. Kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe, kuwedzerwa kwemashamba emitemo kunowirirana, hutano hwehutano hwevanhu, zvipingamupinyi zvekusunungura kusununguka, uye mugove wega wega wezvinhu zvekugadzirwa. Nokudaro, huwandu hwemhando dzehupfumi hunosarudzwa.

Zvisinei, munhu anofanira kunzwisisa kuti umwe neumwe wavo ndeyekushaya mari. Nyika imwe neimwe inotungamirirwa nehurumende inomunhu oga, uye zvinoshanduka zvinoshandiswa munguva. Nokudaro, zvinokosha kufunga nezvisiri muBrithani chete, asi zvisikwa izvo, semuenzaniso, zvaive zvakaratidza nguva iri pakati peHondo Yenyika yekutanga uye yeChipiri.

Zvikamu zvekugadzirisa

Kuchinja kubva kune hutsika kusvika kune hutungamiri hukuru munyika dzekuMadokero kwakatora mazana emakore. Zvingangodaro, zvingadai zvakagara kwenguva yakareba, kana kwete kwekuvandudzwa kwebourgeois. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo nyika yekutanga-capitalist yakaonekwa, iyo Netherlands. Ikoko kwaive nekuvandudzwa mukati mehondo yekusununguka. Tinogona kutaura izvi, kubva mushure mekusunungurwa kubva pakudzvinyirira korona yeSpain munyika, haisi ivo vanokudzwa vehuudhi vakanga vakamira pamusoro, asi hurumende yehurumende uye bourgeoisie yebhizimisi.

Iko kushandurwa kweHolland kuve nyika inotungamira hukuru kwakakurudzira kukura kwayo. Pano inotanga kutengesa mari yekutanga. Nokuda kweNetherlands, yaiva yezana remakore gumi nemasere iyo yakava iyo yenyika yesimba rayo, mufananidzo wehupfumi wakasiyiwa nehupfumi hwezve nyika dzeEurope.

Zvisinei, nokukurumidza kubuda kweguta guru kuEngland kunotanga, uko kushanduka kwebourgeois kuri kuitwawo. Asi inoshandisa muenzaniso wakasiyana zvachose. Panzvimbo yekutengeserana, bheji inowanikwa pamabhizimisi ehurumende. Zvisinei, huzhinji hweEurope huri kuramba huri feudal.

Nyika yechitatu, iyo hupfumi hunokunda, ndiyo United States of America. Asi chete iyo Great French Revolution yakazoparadza tsika yakagadzirwa yeEuropean feudalism.

Zvikamu zvinokosha

Kubudirira kwenyika dzinotungamira hurumende ndiyo nhoroondo yekuwana mari yakawanda. Iyo iyo inoparadzirwa sei, iyi inyaya yakasiyana zvachose. Kana hurumende yehurumende inogona kuwedzera kuwedzera kwayo michero yakawanda, zvino inogona kunzi kubudirira.

Izvi zvinotevera zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano hwemari zvinogona kusiyaniswa:

• Nheyo yehupfumi ndeyekugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye mabasa, pamwe nemamwe marudzi emabasa ekutengeserana. Kushandiswa kwemishonga yebasa hakuiti kuburikidza nekumanikidzirwa, asi mumisika dzisingabhadharwi, apo mitemo yemakwikwi inoshanda.
• Pamwe muridzi wezvinhu zvekugadzira. Izvo zvinowanikwa kune varidzi vadzo uye zvinogona kushandiswa pakuziva kwavo.
• Chitubu chemararamiro eupenyu chinoshanda. Uye hakuna munhu anomanikidza chero munhu kuti ashande. Vagari venyika hurumende vanoita basa rekubhadhara mari nemubatsiro ravanogona kugutsa zvavanoda.
• Kuenzaniswa kwepamutemo uye rusununguko rwekutengesa maitiro.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana

Dzidzira nguva dzose inotanga kururamisa kune dzidziso. Maitiro ehupfumi hwehupfumi husiyana kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwehupfumi hwehupfumi nehupfumi, huwandu hwekushandiswa kwevanhu, kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvekugadzira uye zvigadzirwa. Chinyorwa chavo chinogadziriswa nemitemo yevanhu, chitendero, maitiro epamutemo uye zvisikwa.

Kune marudzi mana ehupfumi:

• Kubudirira kunowanzoonekwa kunyika dzakawanda muWestern Europe uye United States.
• Nyika yekwaOrgarchic capitalism ndiyo Latin America, Africa uye Asia.
• Mafia (clan) inowanzoonekwa kunyika dzakawanda dzekambani yevanhu.
• Kubatana kwehurumende nehuwandu hwehukama hwehuudhi hunozivikanwa munyika dzeMuslim.

Kubudirira kweCamerican

Inofanira kuonekwa nokukurumidza kuti izvi zvakasiyana-siyana rudzi rwemhando. Nhoroondo yekare, hupfumi hunobudirira hwakatanga kutanga. Chimwe chinhu chinowanikwa mumuenzaniso uyu ndiko kupararira kwakawanda kwehutano hutsva uye kusikwa kwehuwandu hwemashoko ehurumende. Kubudirira kwezvematongerwe enyika yenyika hukuru hunoomerera kune muenzaniso uyu ndiyo yakagadzikana uye yakarongeka. Kubudirira kwehutungamiri hwemadzinza hunozivikanwa nehurumende dzeWestern Europe, USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, South Korea, Taiwan, Turkey.

Zvinonakidza kuti China yakatumira mufananidzo uyu, asi pasi pehutungamiri hwakajeka hweCommunist Party. Chimwe chikamu chekuita hupfumi huri kubudirira munyika dzeScandinavian ndiyo yakakwirira yekuchengetedzwa kwehupfumi hwevanhu.

Maorigarchic akasiyana-siyana

Nyika dzeLatin America, Africa neAsia dzinotsvaka kugara nhaka yezvakaitika munyika dzakabudirira. Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo, zvinowanzoitika kuti vane ma oligarchs mashoma. Uye vekupedzisira havadi kutsvaga kuisa hutsva hutsva uye kugadzira hurongwa hwepamutemo hwepamutemo. Vanongoda chete muhupfumi hwavo pachavo. Zvisinei, iyo nzira iri kuenderera mberi zvishoma nezvishoma, uye oligarchic hutungamiri hutsva hunotanga kuchinjwa kuva imwe yakabudirira. Zvisinei, izvi zvinotora nguva.

Kubudirira kwehuwandu hwematongerwo enyika mune dzimwe nyika dzeSoviet

Mushure mokuputsika kweU.SR, zvino mahurumende akazvimirira akasununguka kuvaka hupfumi maererano nekunzwisisa kwavo. Ruzhinji rwaida kuchinja kwakadzika. Mushure mokuputsika kwesangano re socialist, zvinhu zvose zvaifanira kutanga zvakare. Nyika dzePost-Soviet dzakatanga kuumbwa kubva pakutanga kwekutanga - masimba ehurumende.

MuSoviet nguva dzose dzimba dzakanga dziri mumaoko emahurumende. Iye zvino zvaive zvakakodzera kusika kirasi yevakuru. Munguva ino, mapoka ezvimhosva uye mapoka ezvakaipa anotanga kuumba, vatungamiri avo avo vanozozotumidzwa kuti oligarchs. Ivo, kuburikidza nezviokomuhomwe uye zvematongerwe enyika, vakatora nzvimbo yakawanda yeimba. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwemari muzvenyika yeSoviet kwakaratidza kusawirirana uye kuparadza. Mushure mechinguva danho iri richapera, nheyo yepamutemo ichava yakazara. Zvadaro tinogona kutaura kuti hukuru hwemhuri hwakakura hukava hunobudirira.

Munzanga yeMuslim

Chimiro chechimiro chechimiro ichi chekuita zvehupfumi ndiko kugadziriswa kwehupenyu hwepamusoro hwehupenyu hwevanhu vehurumende kuburikidza nokutengeswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, semuenzaniso, mafuta. Imwe mabhizimisi emigodhi inowana kukura kwakakura, zvimwe zvose zvinotengwa muEurope, USA uye dzimwe nyika. Ukama hwekugadzira munyika dzeMuslim inowanzovakwa kwete pamitemo yezvematongerwo enyika, asi pamirairo yeSharia.