Genrih Gerts: Biography, zvinowanikwa nesayenzi

Munhoroondo yose nesayenzi zvinhu zvakawanda. Zvisinei, vashomanana vavo, tinofanira kutarisana nerimwe zuva. Hazvibviri kufungidzira upenyu ano pasina kuti akaita Gerts Genrih Rudolf.

Izvi yefizikisi German, aiva muvambi wechikoro rinomutsa uye akaratidza kuti nyika nezvokuvapo remagetsi nemafungu. Tinoonga tsvakurudzo ake, tinoshandisa TV uye redhiyo, izvo vanosimbiswa mune upenyu munhu wose.

mhuri

Genrih Gerts akaberekwa musi 02/22/1857 baba vake - Gustav - hunhu hwavo mabasa aiva gweta, pashure kunobuda kuna Hamburg guta Seneta, umo mhuri akararama. mai The womukomana - Betty Augustus. Aiva mwanasikana muvambi yakakurumbira Cologne kumahombekombe. Zvinokosha vachiti sangano iri vachiri kushanda kuGermany. Henry aiva wedangwe Betty uye Gustav. Gare gare, mhuri akauya vakomana vatatu uye mumwe musikana.

mazuva School

Somwana, Genrih Gerts aiva mukomana simba uye ndonda. Ndokusaka haana kufanana panze mitambo uye muviri. Asi Henry nechido chikuru verenga mabhuku akasiyana-siyana uye mitauro vakadzidza yokumwe. izvi zvose vakabatsira Kurovedza ndangariro. Pane zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinhu Biography Musayendisiti yemberi, vanoti mukomana aikwanisa vakazvimirira kudzidza Arabic uye Sanskrit.

The vabereki vaitenda kuti vavo dangwe vaizova nechokwadi kuti gweta, wakati aenda mumakwara baba vake. Mukomana wakapiwa panguva Hamburg School. Ikoko akanga kudzidza mutemo. Zvisinei, pane imwe kwevari kudzidza muchikoro vakatanga kupa zvidzidzo zviri wefizikisi. Uye kubva iyoyo zvido Henry achinja zvikuru. Sezvineiwo, vabereki vake havana kuomerera pane kuongorora nyaya. Ivo akabvumira mukomana kuwana kudana kwake muupenyu, uye amutamisa kuna jimunasiyamu. Pakupera kwevhiki, Henry akadzidza paChikoro School of Crafts. A yakawanda nguva mukomana akapedza vanodhirowa ake, kudzidza kuveza. Sezvo mwana wechikoro, akatanga ake kuedza kutanga kusika zviridzwa uye midziyo nokuda kudzidza chaiko mananara. Izvi zvose akaratidza kuti mwana anomhanya kuti ruzivo.

studentship

Muna 1875, Genrih Gerts akagamuchira matriculation chitupa. Izvi zvakamupa kodzero kupinda kuyunivhesiti. Muna 1875 akatamira kuDresden, kwaakabereka mudzidzi Technical College. Pakutanga, kudzidza nzvimbo iyi aifarira jaya. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, Genrih Gerts akaziva kuti ane injiniya mabasa - hazvina kudanwa kwake. The mukomana akasiya chikoro uye akaenda Munich, paakange akabvuma zvakananga kupinda gore yunivhesiti rechipiri.

The nzira kuti sayenzi

Somudzidzi, Henry akatanga kuvimbisa kuti tsvakurudzo. Asi nokukurumidza jaya vakaziva kuti ruzivo vakawana ari payunivhesiti ichi hakuna kukwana. Ndokusaka, agamuchira dhipuroma, akatamira Berlin. Pano, muguta guru Germany, Heinrich akava mudzidzi payunivhesiti uye akawana basa kushanda se mubatsiri murabhoritari Germana Gelmgoltsa. Ndiro yefizikisi kupfuura nguva akaona unyanzvi jaya. Nokukurumidza pakati pavo pave noukama hwakanaka, izvo gare gare akabatanidzwa kwete chete ushamwari hwepedyo asiwo pamwe sayenzi.

doctorate dhigirii

Achitungamirirwa yakakurumbira yefizikisi Hertz akadzivirira chinyorwa chake uye akava vakaziva nyanzvi mumunda electrodynamics. Zviri mirayiridzo iyi vakanga akazotaura dzinokosha zvakawanwa immortalize zita musayendisiti.

Mumakore iwayo haisati kudzidza kana magetsi kana remagineti. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti kune nyore zvinwiwa. Dzaizviti vane inertia, naro muitisi anouya uye anoenda Magetsi.

Genrih Gerts vakaperekedza zvakawanda kuedza. Zvisinei, migumisiro yakanaka iri kuziva inertia pakutanga zvakange zvisina yakagamuchirwa naye. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna 1879 yokutsvakurudza ake, akagamuchira mubayiro paUniversity of Berlin. mubayiro uyu ave munhu simba chinotiita kuramba tsvakurudzo ake. Zvakabuda kuedza esayenzi Hertz vakazoroorwa vakaumba hwaro chinyorwa. 5. 02.1880 kwayo kudzivirira kwaiva kutanga basa musayendisiti muduku, uyo panguva hwakazadzika kwemakore 32. Hertz akagadza doctorate dhigirii, chitupa pakati okuguma Berlin University pamwe chinokudza.

Manual pachake rabhoritari

Genrih Gerts, ane Biography semusayendisiti haana kugumira pamusoro kwokudzivirira dissertation, kwenguva, akaramba zvidzidzo ake yokungotaura muna Institute of Physics, riri paYunivhesiti Berlin. Zvisinei, pasina nguva akaona kuti akanga vachiwedzera vari kutanga kukwezva kuedza.

Muna 1883, musi dzinoenda of Helmholtz muduku musayendisiti akapiwa itsva mumhanyi. Akava wapurofesa muna Kiel. Makore matanhatu pashure pakugadzwa ichi, Herz kwaitsigirwa kuna muzvinafundo Physics, akatanga basa rake muna muguta Karlsruhe, kwaiva Higher Technical School. Hertz ndiyo yokutanga nguva kugamuchira yaro experimental rabhoritari pachavo, izvo akapa iye chokusika rusununguko uye mano kubata kwayo zvinonakidza kuedza. The chikuru pokutungamirira kwesainzi rava munda kudzidza nokukurumidza magetsi oscillations. Ndivo mibvunzo Hertz akanga achishanda, paakanga achiri mudzidzi.

In Karlsruhe Henry akaroorwa. Mukadzi wake Erizabheti akava Doll.

Kuwana uchapupu zvinowanikwa nesayenzi

Pasinei muchato, musayendisiti Genrih Gerts haana kusiya mabasa avo. Akaramba kuita chidzidzo pamusoro inertia. In tsvakurudzo ake kwesayenzi kwaibva Hertz dzidziso Arayirwa Maxwell, maererano izvo velocity redhiyo mafungu vanofanira kuva yakafanana kumhanya chiedza. Munguva kubva 1886 kusvika 1889. Hertz vakaperekedza dzakawanda kuedza mune mirayiridzo iyi. Somugumisiro, musayendisiti rakaratidza kuvapo remagetsi nemafungu.

Pasinei chokwadi chokuti kuedza kwavo wechidiki yefizikisi vakashandisa yakasarira zvokushandisa, akakwanisa kuwana chaizvo zvakakomba zvabuda. Work Hertz akava kwete chete zvinosimbisa kuvapo remagetsi nemafungu. Masayendisiti akaratidza uye kumhanya kupararira kwawo, refraction uye kufungisisa.

Genrih Gerts, kuvhurika iyo akaumba hwaro electrodynamics ano, akagashira akawandisa mibayiro siyana kuti basa rake. Pakati pavo:
- Baumgartner Award, akapa Vienna Academy;
- menduru. Matteucci, akapa Society of Sciences kuItaly;
- Mubayiro of Paris Academy of Sciences;
- Japanese Order of Sacred Treasure.

Uyezve, isu tose Hertz - chairema kakawanda anonzi pashure yakakurumbira piyona. Panguva iyoyowo, Henry akava runoenzanirana nhengo zvikoro sciences neRoma, Berlin, Munich uye Vienna. Zvakawanikwa avo, yaakaita musayendisiti, munhu zvechokwadi rinokosha. Nokuda kuti Genrih Gerts yakawanikwa, zvigadzirwa, dzakadai Wireless neteregirafu, redhiyo uye terevhizheni, akazova zvinogoneka vanhu. Uye nhasi, pasina kwavari hazvibviri kufungidzira upenyu hwedu. A Hertz - chikwata yakayerwa yaizivikanwa nomumwe wedu kubva chikoro.

Yawanikwa photoelectric kushanda

Kubvira 1887, masayendisiti akatanga kucherechedza pfungwa dzavo yokungotaura nezvokuva chiedza. Zvino nemhaka pakutsvakurudza Genriha Gertsa. Kuburikidza basa ane pakachena mhango, yakakurumbira yefizikisi, akataura kuti kana kuvhenekerwa ultraviolet chiedza fuses akwanise zvikuru kwemutemo sesasaradzi pakati pavo. Izvi photos zvazviri akaedzwa kwazvo nokuda Russian yefizikisi A. G. Stoletovym muna 1888-1890 gg. It Vakawana kuti chiitiko ichi anokonzerwa kubviswa kubva simbi hukawanika kunaka magetsi nokuda kuona ultraviolet chiedza.

Genrih Gerts - a yefizikisi, akawana Chiitiko (yaiva akazotsanangura Albertom Eynshteynom), iro nhasi zvinowanzoshandiswa unyanzvi. Saka photoelectric mugumisiro kwakavakirwa Zvakaitwa photocells, zvinogoneka kuburikidza izvo kubereka magetsi kubva chiedza chezuva. mano akadaro zvichinyanya kushanda panyaya muchadenga, apo pasina zvimwe zvinopa simba. Uyewo uchibatsirwa rezuva masero ane firimu iri kuridzwa paakadzosa kutenga inzwi. Uye kwete kuti ndicho zvose.

Nhasi, masayendisiti akadzidza chokubatanidza masero rezuva chete ataure, izvo zvakakonzera kusikwa dzakasiyana-siyana "kuona" michina. mano ava kukwanisa kushandisa kushama musuo, kudzima uye batidza mwenje, reumwe zvinhu, uye zvichingodaro. D.

meteorology

munda uyu sayenzi Hertz nguva dzose aiva rakadzika kufarira. Kunyange zvazvo musayendisiti zvikuru meteorology nezvokumwe, akanyora wandei nyaya chokuita penyaya. Izvi kwaiva nguva paaishanda muBerlin yefizikisi Helmholtz mubatsiri. Uyewo, ongororo dzakati kuti dzakaitwa kubudikidza Hertz pamusoro kwemvura ine mvura, Kutsunga zvivako pasi adiabatic rokuchinja munyoro mhepo, kubudisa itsva hwakajeka zvishandiso hygrometer.

kuonana Vanamakanika

The kupfuura mukurumbira Hertz vakauya Zvakawanikwa mu electrodynamics. Muna 1881-1882 gg. nyanzvi rakabudiswa Nyaya mbiri panyaya kunyorerana Vanamakanika. Basa iri rakanga zvikuru. It kwakaguma zvabuda, zvose kwakavakirwa dzekare dzidziso elasticity uye continuum Vanamakanika. Kukudziridza dzidziso iyi Hertz akacherechedza kuti Newton zvindori izvo kuumbwa nokuisa pamusoro girazi bhora izvo. To musi, dzidziso iyi zvishoma rakadzokororwa, uye inobva vose huripo kutapurirana kuonana muenzaniso ari Kufembera parameters nanosdvigov.

Chimvari redhiyo Hertz

kuvamba ichi chaiva musayendisiti aizotangira dipole kanyanga. Radio Hertz wakasikwa kubva chete dzokai inductor uye capacitor ane idenderedzwa, iyo asiyiwa kuti sesasaradzi mhepo pakakoromoka. The mudziyo akaiswa rimwe rima bhokisi yefizikisi. Izvi akatibvumira kuona nani chinopa. Zvisinei, ruzivo urwu Genriha Gertsa akaratidza kuti mubhokisi dzomoto iri zvakati ipfupi. Ipapo musayendisiti akabvisa the pane regirazi kuti yakaiswa pakati mugamuchiri anokonzera remagetsi nemafungu. kureba chinopa panguva iyoyo yakawedzera. Chii chakaita Fani iyi, Hertz haana nguva yokutsanangura.

Rakanga chete gare gare, nemhaka pave nesayenzi, zvakawanikwa nevesayenzi havaratidzi kunzwisiswa nevamwe uye akava hwaro kuberekwa "Wireless panguva." Kazhinji, kuedza zvose akatsanangura Hertz remagetsi polarization, refraction, kufungisisa, kukanganiswa, uyewo akurumidze, izvo kuratidza remagetsi mafungu.

danda kushanda

Muna 1892, nemhaka kuedza kwavo Hertz akaratidza kwemutemo cathode mwaranzi kuburikidza nhete foil yakagadzirwa nesimbi. Izvi "danda chaizvoizvo" akanga zvizere kuongororwa nomudzidzi pamusoro yefizikisi huru Filipom Lenardom. Iyewo yakatanga dzidziso yacho cathode chubhu uye vakadzidza kupinda pakati maekisirei-siyana zvinhu. izvi zvose akava hwaro mukuru kuvamba, iro zvikuru kushandiswa nhasi. Yakanga kuwanikwa maekisirei, akagadzira kushandisa remagetsi dzidziso chiedza.

Kuyeukwa musayendisiti mukuru

Muna 1892, Hertz akatambura zvakakomba migraine, achibva akaonekwa utachiona. Academic vakavhura kakawanda, kuedza kubvisa chirwere. Zvisinei, ava nemakore makumi matatu nematanhatu Gerts Genrih Rudolf akafa ropa nomuchetura. yakakurumbira yefizikisi kushanda basa rake "Principles ose Mechanics rakati ari New Connection" kune ekupedzisira chaizvo mazuva. Mubhuku rino Hertz akaedza kuti pfungwa dzavo vawana, kudoma mamwe nzira kudzidza magetsi mananara.

Pashure pokufa musayendisiti basa rakapera uye vakagadzirira bhuku Germanom Gelmgoltsem. Mumashoko okutanga ebhuku rino, akataura chokwadi kuti Hertz chainyanya matarenda vadzidzi vake, uye kuti kuzarurwa papera kuona kukura nesayenzi. Mashoko aya aiva ouprofita. Kufarira zvinowanikwa nesayenzi akazviratidza vanotsvakurudza kare makore mashomanana pashure pokufa kwake. Uye muzana remakore rechi20 kwakavakirwa basa Hertz vakatanga kukura anenge kunzvimbo nezvose wefizikisi ano.

Muna 1925, kuti kuwanikwa mitemo kudhumhana pakati maerekitironi ane atomu musayendisiti yakanga paakavapa Nobel Prize. Ndine muzukuru wake, ari yefizikisi huru - Gustav Ludwig Hertz. Muna 1930, International Electrotechnical Commission kushandisa mutsva chairema yakayerwa enyika. Akava Hertz (Hz). maitikiro uyu zvakafanana imwe nguva oscillation mumwe wechipiri.

Muna 1969 iri munharaunda East Germany ndokumisa chirangaridzo kwavari. H. Hertz. Muna 1987, kuti menduru kwairatidzwa Heinrich Hertz IEEE. mubayiro Its pagore akaitira kunoshamisa kubudirira mumunda yetsvakurudzo uye dzidziso asina nemafungu. Vachikudza Hertz kunyange kunzi muronga mwena kuti riri shure kumabvazuva nomuromo zvomuchadenga muviri.