Nechekumashure nemwaranzi

The nemwaranzi nechokumashure - ndiye nemwaranzi pamusoro radioactive mavambo, izvo zviripo munyika nevanhu uye zviwanikwa zvinyorwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti munhu sei zvachose. Hazvibviri zvachose kudzivisa nemwaranzi. On Earth, upenyu akasimuka uye vakava pasi kuramba irradiation. Background nemwaranzi vanosanganisira zvinotevera zvinoriumba: nemwaranzi kubva chakagadzirwa radionuclides, kureva, kubva kumunhu; nemwaranzi kubva radionuclides zviri mumhepo, nyika nechepasi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakatipoteredza; Space.

The irradiation nechomukati uye zvekunze. The yokupedzisira kunokonzerwa zvinyorwa kuti dziri kunze muviri (muvhu uye nzvimbo). Radionuclides zviri zvakananga womunhu, dzomunyika kuona rinoitwa. The nemwaranzi kumashure munharaunda kunoonekwa mune chokupfeka dose.

Nokuda muchadenga nemwaranzi dose ari matatu namashanu millirem pagore anogamuchira ruzhinji yevagari redu. Inenge zvakafanana vanhu inobva muropa yokuvamba zvinyorwa kuti vari kunze. Vane womukati dose iri vanenge zana nemakumi matatu namashanu millirem pagore paavhareji. Naizvozvo, yaipedzerwa nechinzwano zvokunze kwevanhu kuona, iro rinobva dzinongoitika manyuko, ndiko, paavhareji, vanenge mazana maviri mrem gumi mwedzi.

Zvimwe manyuko nemwaranzi dzinokonzerwa kwevanhu kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza dzinoitwa nayo, kusanganisira zvakasikwa radionuclides vari guru zvakakwana yakawanda vari zvikaramba kubva Earth pamwe yakatsvuka zvokuvakisa zvokuvakisa, fetiraiza, mafuta, gasi uye marasha, uye zvichingodaro.

Kuyerwa nechekumashure mwaranzi kunokosha chaizvo uye kunoda kushanda muitiro. Panyaya iyi, kuti zvikamu kuti zvikuru ngozi kugara. Radiological kuongororwa anodiwa vose hanya utano hwavo. Kana kuyera nechekumashure nemwaranzi kuongorora zvokunze wegamma-nemwaranzi pasi; nemwaranzi vachiongorora chikafu zvinhu nezvokudya; rokudzora akasarudza mimwe maindasitiri matongo; huni, simbi uye zvaro, zvokuvakisa; kudzora kunwa uye mvura maindasitiri.

Ionizing nemwaranzi anonzi, uri zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga inokwanisa kukonzera paumbwe isakarurama uye chokwadi mhosva ions (ionization dzakapoterera kwezvakatipoteredza).

Panguva yepasi pasi rine ionizing nemwaranzi akaparadzirwa muchadenga. Radioactive zvinhu varipo panyika goko, uye yepasi pose mwaranzi vari vatakuri sezvingatarisirwa kuitika ionizing nemwaranzi.

Manyuko ionizing mwaranzi vari kukurukurirana mano mukuru voltage mhosva-PARTICIPLE accelerators, chakagadzirwa radioactive isotopes, zvenyukireya reactors, X-ray michina etc. Ionizing nemwaranzi zvose chakagadzirwa uye zvakasikwa, anogona kuva corpuscular uye remagetsi (quantum kana photon).

Vose vane matunhu simba uye zvingakonzera kuchinja utachiona hurongwa masero, zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu rwavo.

The nemwaranzi kumashure yakarurama ngozi naPauro hakusi kuchinja pachena kuti chikwereti pachavo chinangwa kunyoresa, mishonga duku ionizing mwaranzi haakonzeri. Fully simba pakanyorwa mwaranzi pamusoro muviri hauna kuwanikwa. Zvachose haagoni kunzi yakachengeteka chero mari, kusanganisira munhu kunotangira makuriro nemwaranzi. Zvisinei, kutonetsa kuona kushanda chaizvo diki (ngozi) panguva yakaderera mishonga.