Ngarava yakakurumidza pasi rose. Mirairo yepasi pemakungwa

Chishamiso - iyi ndiyo nzira yedu! Chiitiko chakaitika muna 1971, pakuwa. The Soviet atomic submarine (tactical number K-162, purojekiti 661 "Anchar") ine simba rakasimba re titanium, sezvombo, rakaswedera kumucheto kwechombo "Saratoga". Hondo yekutakura ndege ye 6th America yakaronga kugadzikana nyore nyore. Zvisinei, mutambo usina kujairika wakashamiswa nyore nyore nezvishamiso zvezvimwe zvikwata zvemhenderekedzo dzomusango, zvinomira pamberi pemhino dzake. Dare re "laggards" rakashamisika nehuwandu hwemagetsi. Ndiyo nzira chete ye "gungwa rekukurumidza" rakaramba riri "runyoro"! Munyika kwakanga kusina uye hakuna ivo vakaenzana. Zvisinei, pamapeji eGuinness Book of Records pamusoro peizvi-kwete shoko. Zvisiri zvemashure hazviregi kushungurudzika.

Uri kureva nhema, hausi kuenda!

Kunyadziswa kusina kukodzera kweAsia nyika yekutakura "Lexington" yaive ichibva kuMediterranean kusvika kumahombekombe eAtlantic eMiami, kuenda kunzvimbo yekugara yakasimba. Nenguva isipi vafambisi vezvikepe vakaona: mumvura yakadzika yavo vanowana "whale" huru-yendeguru, iyo yakakura iyo yakaenzana nekukura kweimba iri pasi mana. Sezvakazoitika, hazvibviri kusiya: chikepe chakadzika kwemaawa akawanda mushure mokubhejera mberi kwekutakura ndege, uyo akaunganidza makumi mapfumbamwe (55.56 km / h). Izvi hazvishamisi: "Anchar" (K-162) yakakura 44.7 majeti (80.4 km / h).

Simba rimwe chete turbine rainge rakakwana kuti dial uye kuchengetedze fantastic speed. Inyanzi yepamhenderekedzo inokurumidza, ichibhururuka semotokari mumugwagwa mukuru, paPasi pasi izvo zvisati zvaitika. Kuvhiringidzika kwekucherechedza kwakawedzera. Inotyisa "Old Lady" (rimwe remazita e "Saratoga") raitarisa zvachose kusabatsira. Soviet technology yakananga pamberi pevengi yakaratidza nyika yakakwana yekufambisa kwekufamba kwemvura. Uye akanga asiri weHurumende, asi kune imwe nyika iyo, sezvinofungidzirwa nevamwe, kubereka iri kufamba mumigwagwa.

Mhinduro yakakodzera

Vakashamiswa nemaziso avo vakanga vasingagoni kunzwisisa: Ko Russian "yakasvibiswa bast shoes" ingashandise sei maitiro "kushamisika nokukurumidza", "kukurumidza"? "Ngarava yemvura haina kuwedzera"? Hungu, vanoti nekuda kwechikonzero: zviri nani kutenda uye kunyengera pane kunyengera, kwete kutenda. Zvinoratidzika, zvakadaro sezvazvinogoneka! Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti muna March 1971, kukurumidza kwe 44.85 majeti (83.05 km / h) kunogona kugadziriswa pamoto we Motovskaya (chikamu chegungwa remvura).

Kukunda kwaidiwa pakuvapo kwevanhu vanoona kubva kumatare e-hydrographic. Mumazuva iwayo vakada kuzvitsaurira kune zviitiko zvepakati. Iyi yakave yakatarwa kuti ienderane nekuvhura kwe 24 Congress yeCPSU. Dutu racho rakatanga, ma hydrologist aisagona kuenda kugungwa. Apo mamiriro ekunze akagadzwa, takasarudza kusazivisa. Kunyange zvazvo dutu racho, rine 100% inokwana simba remagetsi enyukireya, saraundi yakabudisa zvinyorwa zvitsva, zvakafanana 44.85 mafundo.

Zvakaita mapurisa maviri mumhepo, yechitatu yakasangana nezvinetso uye boka rakaratidza kumira kuedza kwakaipisisa. Nokudaro, nhoroondo yenyika yaisanganisira mufananidzo 44.7. Planck hachina kukundwa zvakadaro. Mumakore makumi manomwe nemazana makumi maviri ezana remakore rechi20, varimi veSoviet vakanga vachiverenga pakuwedzera kwekugadzira michina, vachigadzira kubudiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva. Asi izvi hazvina kuitika, kunyange kunyange mazuva ano masikati emvura eNorthern Fleet asingakwanisi kusvika kune zvikamu zvehafu yezana remakore yapfuura.

Nemhaka yekudhura kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu (iyo inodhura inokwana 1% yebhajheti renyika), iyo yakakurumidza "muurayi wevatakuri vezvikepe" ndiyo chete, yakasiyana uye, sezvataurwa pamusoro, chakavanzika chikuru. Ruzivo rwemakore mazhinji haruna kupa vese servicemen. Kuwedzerwa kwekupinda munyaya yevanhu vasiri vanhu kunongororwa chete. Imwe nzira kana imwe, iyo yaiva mhinduro yakasimba yechishumosi kune hurumende "tsika dzeumambo."

Tichakuratidza kuz'kina amai!

Verenga zvakawanda pamusoro pokuti sei uye nei chikepe chechikepe chakakurumidza kuberekwa. Munyika maiva nehondo inotonhora, mapato, achibatanidza maitiro ezvematongerwe enyika maviri, akakomba zvikuru mukuvakwa kwemauto. Pakati pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, United States of America yakagadzira purogiramu chaiyo yehondo. Danda rakaiswa pachirongwa chekutyisidzika kwechokwadi, iyo nzira yegungwa yakava chikamu.

Mauto anonyadzisa akachinja hutungamiri hwemasimba makuru, pakanga pane kuchinja kwakasimba kubva kune imwe nyika kusvikira kune rimwe gungwa. Sangano rakatsigirwa ne rubatsiro rwe "ndege dzakatenderera" - mapoka ekurwisa ndege dzevatakuri. Nyika yekukunda hutungamiri hwemagariro evanhu hunodiwa zvakanyanya kwete chete yemazuva ano, teknolojia itsva. Pfungwa yacho yaiva yokuti gungwa rekurumidza rainge rava kuda kuonekwa. Mumazana makumi matanhatu ezana remakore rapfuura, USSR haina kukwanisa kugadzira ngarava huru: hondo yekudzivirira nyika yebaba yakatarisana nevakadzvinyiriri vekuGermany vaifamba vachangobva kufa. Nyika yacho yakasununguka kubva pakaparadzwa. Paiva nenzira yekubuda: mukuru wehurumende Nikita Khrushchev akasarudza kuratidza kuzviratidza kwake kuzkin amai vake muchimiro chekufananidzirwa kwemauto engarava.

Zvakanaka kune bhononi kubva kwakadzika

Nzvimbo inokosha yekuvandudzwa nguva dzose kwezvombo zvehondo zveSoviet zvakapiwa kunyange isati yasvika kunyura kwechikepe. Munyika yekusangana kwakasimba, pamhepo yegungwa nzira yakadaro inosvika pakuguma kwayo. Sezvazvinozivikanwa, Soviet Union submarines yemakumi matanhatu yemuenzaniso yakave nechinokanganisa chakakomba: zvombo zvinogona kutangwa kuti zviparadze chinangwa chete apo chichikwira kubva pakadzika, mushure mokukwirira.

Kakawanda munzvimbo iyi, mafambasi emvura akanga "akazarurirwa" kune muvengi uye akaparadzwa (dai vakanga vasina nguva yeku "kufamba nechikepe" munguva). Nenguva isipi yakabuda "Amethyst" - yakaoma missile, inokwanisa kutanga kubva mumvura yakadzika. Yakasikwa pasi pesimba rekugadzira rocket uye nzvimbo yekombiyuta Vladimir Chelomey (chinyorwa pamusoro). Izvo zvitsva zvakagamuchirwa pakarepo, kunyange zvazvo uwandu hwemusoro wehondo wakatanga kuva muduku, uye huwandu hwemoto. Zvose izvi zvinoratidzika zvisina kunaka nechepamusoro-soro zvakabhadharwa nekwanisi yekukonzera chishamiso chakavanzika.

Basa rakadzama

Zvaifungidzirwa kuti chinangwa chinoramba chichifamba chinogona kutarisa "ziso" rinoona rose rekudzivirira kuzvimirira uye kutungamirirwa. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kuita basa rekudzivirira midziyo yekutarisa (zvikepe zvekuperekedza) zvemuvengi anogona. Pachigadziko, vaida kuisa kamwechete gumi ndege-mahombekombe (mafunguro eenda kumhepo) P-70. Semhepo, gungwa guru rine simba rakadikanwa! Munyika yezvikepe zvinogona kutamba uye kushanda pasi pemvura, pasi pese pasina mamiriro ezvinhu angave ari "clones" uye makwikwi.

Kwete kunyange mazana, asi zviuru zvevanyori zvakakwezva kune basa, ivo vose vakasaina chisungo chokusazarura zvakavanzika zvehurumende. Iyo nzira yekugadziriswa inoshandiswa kare yapfuura yakabviswa kamwechete: ingarava yemangwana yakazvarwa. Vakatarisa pamusoro pehuwandu hwechikepe chemissile ine zita rakanaka "Amethyst". Icho chiduku-makumi masere makiromita. Kuchengetedza kuti gungwa remvura rinosvika kune mafambiro anotenderera ari kure nekurwisana, zvaidiwa kuti zvikupe zvakakurumidza simba (zvakaenzana ne torpedoes).

Yakapetwa uye ergonomic

Mumamiriro emhepo ekukakavara uye zvakavanzika, ndiyo yakanakisisa pasi pegungwa yakazvarwa. Munyika uye munyika hapana munhu aiziva nezita remushandi weprojekiti. Simba revasayenzi risingafungi, nyanzvi yepamusoro ekugadzira ngarava, nyanzvi yezvidzidzo Nikolai Isanin (semudziri anonyanya kuzivikanwa wechombo chikepe Vostok Sergey Korolev) akanga ari mufananidzo wakavanzika. Pasi pekutangira kwake kwakasimba uye kwakasimba, boka racho rakashanda nguva yose. Pane imwe nzvimbo, hutungamiri hwakatora Nikolai Shulzhenko. Basa rakaoma rakaoma rakabereka michero yakawanda.

MunaDhoteri 1960, gwaro remakungwa enguva yemberi raiva rakagadzirira. Nhamba ye avant-garde yekugadzirisa zvigadzirwa "yakabuda" - 398: helm seane ndege, telemechanics, makamera ezerevhizheni, automatics, uye, zvirokwazvo, yakasimba yakasimba yeti titanium yakabudisa Severodvinsk plant "Sevmash" muna 1962. K-162 pachake yakarongedzwa pane imwe nzvimbo muDecember 1963 (plant number 501). Basa rinokosha rakapiwa ergonomics.

Zvine zvingangodaro zvinokonzera

Simba rinopiwa nemaviri enyukireya. Purojekiti 661 yaisanganisira bhizimusi remvura mbiri (40,000 horsepower imwe, 2 pfupamusoro kupfuura yevamwe vekune imwe nyika uye veimba "vashandi pamwe chete"). Mune dzimwe nzira, nekuda kweizvi, zita rokuti "chikepe chinokurumidza kufamba" chakakundwa. Munyika umo atomu yorugare yakanga iine ruzivo rwakakwana, mufananidzo wekorojeni pamusana pekufungidzira kwakaita nyika yedu kuvimba mumasimba ayo.

Nyukliya yefurairi mumitambo inenge yakakwana kumativi mana enyika-ye-nyika (ine huwandu hwehupfumi uye kuchengeteka). "Biography of the celebrity" yekare yakapfuura mucheka mutsara: chikepe (kubva munaJanuary 1978 chakanyorwa pasi pechiverengero chechipiri K-222) chakatanga muna 1968; Yakanyorwa muna 1988; Pakupedzisira yakagadzirirwa muna 2010 pane "Sevmash".

Mheremhere haisi yakanaka

Iyo yakanakisa pasi pegungwa pasi rose haikwanisi kubudiswa serial nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Iko classy titanium kesi yaiva yakaoma zvikuru kugadzira. Pakupera kwemafosheni e1980 P-70 "Amethyst" (iyo nhumbi huru) yakave isina kushanda. Muvengi angangodaro akagadzira zvishandiso zvitsva. Hydroacoustic systems ine chikwata chekugadzirisa kwakanyanya kunowanikwa nzvimbo yeK-162 (K-222). Mamiriro ezvinhu ainge akaoma nepamusoro wekunaka kweAnchar.

Ndege inopesana nemagetsi yakagadzirwa. Mune kutinhira kwemakungwa, "whale" (vafambisi vechikepe veSoviet vainzi "hove yehove" yepamusoro yemitengo uye yurkost) vakanga vasingagoni kupona. Zvinotaridzika kuti kushandiswa patsva, kwakatanga muna 2008, inowanzoitika. Vanhu havati vasati vambogadzira injini yekusingaperi. Zvose rimwe zuva rinosvibiswa. Asi yaiva yakasiyana, rekodhi-rekisteri, iyo inogona kuva museum wekubudirira muunyanzvi neunyanzvi. Kwete kuponeswa.

Bylyem bed

K-222 akaenda kumatare esimbi, semubhedha unopinza kana teti yekare. Uye iyi ingarava yakasungirirwa neS Sigma-661 (yose-latitude), Radan-1, Nichrome systems (inotarisa chinhu chiri cheimwe nyika), mutakuri weanonar complex Rubin! Kuputsa - usavaka ... Pane maonero: nhasi inogona kuwedzera kufarirwa kwechimwe chinhu chakanaka choshanyiso.

Pashure pekugara kwenguva yakavanzika, chokwadi "inogona" kutaura "zvakawanda zvinonakidza pamusoro pehupenyu hwahwo hwakaoma segungwa rakasimba zvikuru. Izvo hazvisi zviratidzo zvakawanda munyika muno sezvinoita. Vafanheni tekorogiyuta vanotenda kuti "Anchar" yaiva imwe yezvinhu zvisingawanzoiti uye zviratidzo. Chiitiko cheatanium chivako chakashandiswa mune zvimwe zviitiko (685, 705, 945, 945A, nezvimwewo), uye Ametist mahwende akanga achiri kushandiswa muzvikepe "Scat" (dzakavakwa maererano neprojekiti 670).