Munyengetero "Mambo weDenga". Kunyengetera kuMweya Mutsvene "Mambo wokudenga ..."

Akakurumbira uye anodiwa muChechi yeOrthodox, munyengetero "Mambo weKudenga, Munyaradzi ..." anowanzobatanidzwa neMweya Mutsvene - munhu wechitatu weUtatu, maererano neOrthodox Trinitology. Kazhinji inowanzoshandurwa muShanduro yeSlavonic yeChechi, iyo inoratidzirwa mune zvakajeka zvekuziva - kuverenga kwakarurama uye kududzira zvinyorwa. Kunyengetera kuna "Mambo weKudenga" nekusimbisa kunopiwa mune chero bhuku reOrthodox-bhuku.

Kubva

Nhoroondo yemunyengetero uyu ndeye makore ane chiuru. Zvichida zvishoma. Chero zvazviri, hazvizivikanwi nemitemo yechirangaridzo yaConstantinople IX yezana remakore, iyo inobvumira kuwedzerwa kwekuvimba kwekutaura nguva yekuonekwa kwayo kusvika kumagumo ezana remakore IX-X.

Basa remazuva ano

Parizvino, inowanzoshandiswa sekukumbira - kukumbira kunamato kwaMwari kusati kwatanga kweboka kana minyengetero yega. Mukushandisa kweOrthodox iyi inonzi "kutanga kwevanhuwo zvavo", kusanganisira, kuwedzera kune pamusoro apa, iyo inonzi Trisagion, munyengetero weChishanu Utatu uye "Baba Vedu".

Pakunamatira, inoshandiswa shanduro yeVespers, yakatsaurirwa kumutambo wePendekosti kana Zuva reUtatu Hutsvene. Zvichida, zvaive zvichibva mubasa retembere apo munyengetero "Mambo weKudenga" wakatamirwa kune tsika yekamuri uye yemunamato yekunyengetera.

Kunyora uye mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro yemunyengetero uyu, zvinosuruvarisa, hazvizivikanwi. Iyo inogona kunge yakanyatsove iyo kusikwa kwemumiririri wemamiti, emperor-hymnograf kana kuchinja kwe "munyengeri" munyengetero, kutanga kuberekwa, somuenzaniso, mu iconoclastic circles. Zvimwe zvakafanana muOrthodox hymnography hazvisi zvisizvo.

Tsanangudzo yeOrthodox

"Mambo weKudenga" - munyengetero, mashoko ayo akazadzwa nechinangwa chechirevo cheOrthodox. Sezvatatoona, chikumbiro ichi chinotaurirwa kuMweya Mutsvene. Zvakakosha kufunga kuti kutenda kweOrthodox, kuva mumiririri, kunobvuma zvitatu zveMumwe Mwari. Munhu mumwe nomumwe anokwanisa kurapwa zvakasiyana, semunhu. Panguva imwe chete, kubatana kwavo kwakakosha kunogadziriswa.

Mambo weKudenga-zita, iro rakapiwa muWekumusoro-soro. Kuwedzera kune kuna Mwari wekutonga kwezvematongerwe enyika pasi pano kunodzokera kumashure echiJudha, apo Mwari Jehovha anonzi Ishe agere pamakerubhi sechigaro cheushe (ona Mapisarema 79: 2). Chimwe chinyorwa, kusimbisa chirevo ichi, ihwo huRoma hweRoma, umo Kesari anonyanya kuzadza kwechiremera nechiremera. Saizvozvowo, nharaunda yaMwari inofananidzwa neumambo pamwe naMwari-mambo pamusoro. Izvi zvinogonawo kuonekwa mumuenzaniso wekufananidzira, apo Kristu anoratidzwa akagara pachigaro chechigaro mumambo wemambo. Uye nekuda kwesungano inokosha, chiremera cheumambo chinofananidzirwa kuvanhu vose veUtatu.

Uyezve, Mwari anonzi Munyaradzi, Mweya wezvokwadi, kwose kwose uye wose anozadzisa. Izwi rekupedzisira rinoreva kuzvizadza nechose nzvimbo munzvimbo yese, uye kwete kuzadzisa zvido zvose zvevanhu.

Pfuma yezvinhu uye mupi wehupenyu ndiwo mahedheni ekupedzisira nemazita. Izvo zvinoteverwa nekukumbira kwekuzvarwa: "Uya ugare matiri." Kana zvisina kudaro, rinogona kushandurwa se "kugara pakati pedu." Uyu ndiwo mutsara unokosha mumunyengetero wose. Zvinyorwa zvaro zviri muuporofita hwemuporofita Joeri nezvekudururwa kweMweya nezvipo zvouporofita (ona Joeri 2: 28-30). Maererano neArthodox dzidziso, uporofita hwacho hwakazadziswa pazuva rema makumi mashanu mushure mekukwira kwaKristu. Mukutsanangura zviitiko izvi, bhuku reMabasa rinotitaurira kuti Kristu, "kusimudzwa neruoko rworudyi rwaMwari uye akagamuchira kubva kuna Baba chivimbiso cheMweya Mutsvene, akadurura ..." (Mab. 2:33). Nokudaro, "Mambo weKudenga" munyengetero, semutauro wekutenderera wemutambo wePendekosti, iri chikumbiro kwete kwete nekugutsikana kweMweya Mutsvene, asi nekudururwa kwekuvapo Kwake, kuzodzwa kwechishamiso uye shoko rechipo chakavanzika. Testamente Itsva yeTestamende yekuzodzwa uku neMweya ndiyo uporofita hwaJohani Mubhapatidzi hwemesiya uyo achabhabhatidza vadzidzi vake ne "Mweya Mutsvene" (Mateo 3:11). Rinoreva zvakare mazwi anotaurwa kuna Jesu pachake: "... Ndichanyengetera kuna Baba, uye iye achakupai ... Mweya wezvokwadi" (Johane 14: 16-17).

Dzidziso yebhaibheri uye yakakosha kukosha kwemunyengetero "Mambo weDenga"

Muchiedza chekuzodza patsva, "Mambo weKudenga" munyengetero unoshandiswa pakutanga kweboka rimwe nerimwe kunamatira uye mhemberero, pamwe neminyengetero yemunhu oga, kuita minyengetero inopiwa naMwari akafuridzirwa, izere nekuvapo uye chiito cheMweya.

Mashoko ekupedzisira emunyengetero ndekukumbira kunatswa nekuponeswa kwemweya. Aya ndiwo maitiro chaiwo eve orthodox hymnography.

Alternative pneumatology

"Mambo weKudenga" munyengetero, zvinyorwa uye semantics zvinoreva Mweya Mutsvene - chiso chechiKristu Utatu Mwari. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti pfungwa chaiyo yeMweya Mutsvene yakauya kuchiKristu kubva kuchiJudha, apo Mweya Mutsvene waionekwa sechimiro chaMwari, kubwinya kwechiito chake uye kuratidzwa kwesimba raMwari. Mudzimu waiva, maererano nezvitendero zvevaporofita uye madzitateguru eTanakh, simba risina simba kana simba reWekumusoro-soro, uye kana munhu akafanirwa, zvinowanzotarisirwa - sechigadzirwa chemaitiro. Kunyange zvazvo paiva nemamwe mashoma, zvichida, vaKristu vekutanga vekutenderera kwechihedheni vaifungidzira Mweya Mutsvene nenzira yakafanana. Izvi zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvemadzitateguru ekutanga ekereke nevadzidzisi vezvematongerwo enyika yekutanga-Nicene. Iyi tsika yekare yemitemo, zvakasiyana nehutsva hweKaturike, yakachengetedzwa nechechi yeArian. Kunyangwe mumamiriro eKaturike mushure meEst Ecumenical Council, dzidziso yehupenyu hweMweya Mutsvene yaive nevanopikisa vazhinji, sekuratidzwa nekumanikidzirwa kudzvinyirira pamusangano uyu weSt. Basil Mukuru - Mufundisi weCappadociya uyo, mukubatana neVatsvene. St. Gregory theologian uye St. Gregory weNysa akaumba, zvinopesana nehutano hwekutanga hwechiKristu, dzidziso yeOrthodox-Katurike yeUtatu uye kuenzana kwevanhu vayo.

Mweya Mutsvene, sehuchenjeri hwaMwari

Zvechokwadi, chiKristu chekutanga hachina kupera nezvikoro izvi zviviri. Kunyangwe kusati kwazvarwa kwechiKristu mumamiriro ezvinhu echiJudha, Mweya Mutsvene (chiHebheru Ruach ha Kadosh - nenzira, chikadzi chevakadzi) yakaratidzwa nouchenjeri hwaMwari (chiHebheru Hohma). Zvinyorwa izvi zvinowanikwa mumagwaro eTesitamente Yekare, apo Mweya unodanwazve kuti Mweya weUchenjeri, somuenzaniso: "Mweya waIshe uchagara pamusoro pake, mweya wouchenjeri ..." (Isaya 11: 2). Nokudaro, Mweya, semunhu akafananidzwa neUchenjeri, unogona kumiririrwa nevamwe vaJudha uye vanobatana nemasangano echiKristu emutauro weGnostic sekadzikadzi hypostasis waMwari. Chivimbiso cheizvi chinogona kuwanikwa, somuenzaniso, muevhangeri yeGnostic yaFiripi, uko Mweya unonzi mhandara.

MuchiGiriki, izwi rokuti "pneuma" ("mweya") ndeyomukati wepakati uye rinoshandurirwa mukufarira tsika yakasarudzwa.

Gnostic zvinoreva

Uchenjeri-Hochma-Sophia, iyewo Mweya Mutsvene-mumwe wevanhu vanokosha zvikuru veGnostic mythology. Mukupfupisa mashoko akapesana pamusoro pazvo, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti nekuda kwekanganiso yaSophia, nyika yakaoneka yezvinhu yakaonekwa - nyika yezvakaipa. Kuvonga kuna Sofia, ruponeso rwevanhu vakawa kubva pakutapwa kwenyaya inoitikawo. Mazano ezvinyorwa zvepakutanga zveGnostic-sophiological zvechiKristu chekare zvinogona kuwanika kunyange mumagwaro ezvinyorwa zveTestamente Itsva: "Uye Sofia anoruramiswa nevana vake vose" (Ruka 7:35).

Tichifunga izvi zvose, munyengetero kuna Heavenly King inoratidzika semunyengetero kuna Queen of Heaven. Theotokos, ndiko kuti, Mhandara Maria, hapana nzvimbo mune soteriology uye pachigaro chekudenga. Izvi zvinoratidzwa neEvhangeri yaFiripi: "Vamwe vakati Maria akave nemimba kubva kuMweya Mutsvene. Vakarasika ... Yaiva ripi kuti mudzimai anofanira kutambura kubva kumukadzi? "(VaF.

Kuedza kwekutaura kweGnostic

Kunyengetera kuMweya Mutsvene "Mambo weKudenga", akaiswa pasi peshoko rinoshandiswa gnostic, anotibvumira kuzvidudzira sechivako cheUchenjeri -kadzikadzi hypostasis kana kubuda. Sophia ndiye Mweya wezvokwadi, nokuti unoramba uye unotaura kune avo vanotanga chakavanzika chechokwadi chechokwadi chaMwari pasinei nekunyengera kwezvinhu zvenyika uye nezvakaipa zvaro. Nokudaro, iyo ihowo mari yekuchengetedza zvinhu. Iyo epithet yekupedzisira mumamiriro ose eGnostic tsanangudzo pamusoro penyaya yepfuma yekudenga yakanyanya kuoma kupfuura iyo inogona kuonekwa pakutanga. Asi izvi zvisingasviki pakukura kwechikamu ichi. Mupi wehupenyu ndihwo huchenjeri nokuti kuburikidza naye kuti hupenyu hunoita kuti zvive nyore munhau, uye maererano naTanah, Mwari akasika nyika kuburikidza naSophia (ona Zvirevo 8:22). Kuchenesa kubva kune zvose kusvibiswa nenzira yakadaro kunoreva kucheneswa kubva pakusvibiswa kwezvinhu - kusadzikama mune zvemweya, kunyengedza uye kuda. Ruponeso rwemweya rinonzwisiswa sekusunungurwa kubva musimba rezvinhu zvakasikwa uye vatongi varo vane inotevera kudzokera kuhupenyu huzere - pleroma. Muchiitiko ichi, "Mambo weKudenga" haatauri kuna Mwari. Asi, munyengetero kune mudziviriri wekudenga - hypostasis wehuMwari hwevakadzi uye uchenjeri.

Mhedziso

Zvechokwadi, kududzirwa kwakadaro kunenge kusinganzwisisiki, kunyanya kupiwa kusavapo kwezvakakonzera zvikonzero zvekutora maGnostic zvinyorwa izvi. Kunyange zvakadaro, munyengetero "Mambo weKudenga" wakapararira kupfuura maitiro ayo okureurura, uye nekuda kwekudenga kwayo inotibvumira kuzvigadzirisa isu kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvechitendero, sezvakanga zvamboitwa nhetembo dzechihedheni dzakashandurwa kuva chiKristu nevechiJudha.