Chitendero cheMutemo weTurkey

Chitendero chikuru cheTurkey ndiIslam. VaMuslim vanozviona ivo vanopfuura 90% yevagari vemunyika. Panharaunda yehurumende pane maMoskiti anenge zviuru makumi masere, kushanyira nguva dzose iyo vakatendeka veTurkey vanoona basa ravo dzvene. Mumigwagwa unogona kuwana vanhu vakapfeka zvipfeko, izvo zvinogona kutongwa nyore nyore nekunamata kwavo.

Zvisinei, hapana chinhu chakadai se "chitendero chekuTurkey" kubvira muna 1928. Kubva panguva iyoyo, hurumende yehurumende yave yakasarudzwa kubva kune simba reIslam, mutemo wenyika hauna kuvimba nechitendero chekuendesa uye kunopa rusununguko rwechitendero.

Nenguva pfupi pamusoro penhoroondo yeIslam

Islam yakatanga pakati peArabhu avo vaigara muArabia muna 610. Zvinotendwa kuti ndiyo ndiyo iyo ngirozi Jabrairi yakaonekwa kuMuporofita Muhammad nemashoko kubva kuna Mwari. Kubva panguva iyoyo, hupenyu hwemurume uyu hwakave hwakazvipira zvakakwana kuparadzira zvakazikwa zvakagamuchirwa kubva kuna Allah.

Kunyange zvazvo Mohammed aiva nechipo chokunyengetedza, mapoka evateveri vake haana kukura pakarepo. Mushure mechinguva, vanhu vane gumi nevaviri vakatenda muhuMwari hwehuporofita hwavakataura vakatisiya muguta reMecca nemudzidzisi. Chikonzero cheizvi chaiva kuvenga kwevaya vasina kugamuchira Islam.

Ichitungamirirwa kuMedina, boka revateveri ve dzidziso dzeMuhammad rakava muzinda mukuru wechitendero muguta. Kurarama mairi vahedheni, vaKristu uye vaJudha vatsva vaMuslim vakatarisana nesarudzo yakaoma: kubvumirwa kweIslam kana kufa.

Pakupera kwehupenyu hwaMuhammad, chikamu chinokosha cheArabia Peninsula chakanga chatora chitendero chitsva. Kusati kwafa, muporofita akati avo avo vasingadi kuva maMuslim vanofanira kuitwa kuti vaite. Somugumisiro weropa "kushungurudzika" Islam yakava chitendero chikuru chenyika dzose dze peninsula, uye zvino yakapararira kure nemiganhu yayo.

Chii chaunoda kuziva pamusoro peIslam?

Pamusoro pezvinonyanya kuonekwa chitendero chakapararira zvikuru cheTurkey, unogona kutaura zvakawanda. Chinhu chinokosha icho chakakosha kuzive pamusoro pazvo ndechimwe shanu "nheyo" dzekutenda. Izvo chaizvoizvo kuchengeta kwavo kwakasimba kunoparadzanisa vaMuslim vechokwadi.

1. Kutenda muna Mwari mumwechete (Allah) uye vatumwa vake uye kukudzwa kwaMuhammad sekupedzisira kwevaporofita vake.
2. Kuchengetwa kwezuva nezuva kwemunyengetero - tsika, yekuita nekudzokorora minyengetero yakadzidziswa kubva kuKoran mune zvimwe zviitiko, inoitwa kashanu pazuva pane nguva chaiyo.
3. Mutero wakabhadhara pane zvinodiwa nevarombo.
4. Kucherechedza kutsanya mumwedzi mutsvene waRamadan.
5. Kufambira kuMecca.

Ichitanhatu chisina kuongororwa shongwe yeIslam ndiyo inorwisana nevasingatendi.

Zvidzidzo muIslam

VaMuslim havafumi kwete muTurkey chete, chitendero cheIslam chinowanikwa munyika dzekumusoro kweAfrica uye muAsia. Vose vateereri varo vanobatanidzwa nemitemo imwe, mitemo uye zvinorambidzwa. Zvisinei, sezvimwe mune imwe machechi, kune hutendeseka hwevaMuslim neavo vanozviti ivo chete.

Chitendero chakanyanya kupararira cheTurkey chinogadzirisa vateveri varo mune tsika, tsika uye mupfungwa. Somuenzaniso, vaMuslim havagoni kudya nyama yenguruve, kunwa doro uye kutamba kubhejera. Maererano nemitemo yeKoran, vakadzi vanofanirwa kufamba muchidzitiro. Zvinorambidzwa kuratidzira Mwari nevanhu.

Maitirwo aTurkey akatendeuka kubva kuMuslim kuenda mune zvenyika

Kubviswa kweIslam kwehutano hwechitendero chehurumende yeTurkey kwakaitika muna 1028. Mutengo mune izvi ndeye mutungamiri wekutanga, uyo akatungamirira Turkish Republic, Kemal Ataturk. Kuchinja kwaakagamuchira kwakagadzirirwa kuiswa kweEurope mazano munyika.

Nokudaro, Turkey yakava nyika yekutanga yeMuslim kuisa zvachose simba kubva kune chitendero. Kuchinja kwakadaro hakukwanisi asi kunokonzera kusagadzikana munzanga uye kwete kukanganisa kubuda kwesangano reIslam. Mumakore achangopfuura, simba rechitendero pamutemo wenyika rakawedzera zvikuru.

Migumisiro yekubviswa kwechitendero chenyika

Somugumisiro wekushandurwa kwakatangwa muAtatürk's Constitution, vagari varo zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kutora chitendero chavo nemitemo yeKoranic zvakanyanya. Somuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwekunwa doro zvakaderera kwarega kugadziriswa munharaunda, vazhinji veTurkey vari kusvuta. Panzvimbo peminamato shanu pazuva, mazwi maviri chete akanga akakwana.

Vakadzi veTurkey vakashinga kuisa chifukidzo chekuvhara shawl pamwe chete nechipfeko chekuEurope, kana kuti vanopfeka zvakakwana maererano nemaWestern. Zvisinei, tsika yekudzingisa vakomana inotora nzvimbo inokosha muhupenyu hwechiMuslim chikamu chevanhu veTurkey kusvikira nhasi. Uyewo zvakanyatsopedzisira kubviswa kurambidzwa inguruve.

Kubvira pakuziviswa kweTurkey Republic, vashoma vechechi venyika vakange vane kodzero yakazara yekukudziridza zvakasununguka. Mutemo mutsva wehurumende hauna kuputsa kodzero yavo yekunamata.

Nzira yekuita sei nevaMuslim?

Zvose zvizere zvekugamuchira vaeni zvinoratidzwa kuvashanyi vanoshanyira neTurkey. Chitendero mubasa iri hachisi chinhu chiduku. VaMuslim vanogara vachizivikanwa nerudo uye ruremekedzo. Zvechokwadi, vanotarisira kufanana kwakafanana kubva kune vashanyi venyika yavo yavanoda.

Ndeipi chitendero muTurkey ndicho chikuru uye inotarisa nheyo uye mufambiro wehupenyu hwevanhu vemazuva ano vemu nyika mubvunzo unofanirwa kusakanganwa nemunhu chero upi zvake anoronga kushanyira nyika yekutarisa. Sezvo ari muenzi, zvinokosha kufunga nezvetsika dzenharaunda uye maonero evanhu kuitira kuti usagumbura mumwe munhu.

Somuenzaniso, kuremekedzwa kwemaonero evanhu veTurkey kunogona kuzviratidza mukupfekedza zvisingabvumirwi zvakanyanya mundima yavo. Icho chiri pedyo nepakati penyika, kunyanya kunofanira kuendeswa kune iyi nuance. Kushanyira misangano kunobvumirwa kune vose vanoenda, asi kune vatashanyi kune nzvimbo yakasarudzwa pane pagedhi yeimba, pane izvo zvingave zvakanaka kuti usaenda.

Kupinda musangano rechitendero, mukadzi anofanira kuisa kabati yemusoro pamusoro wake uye kutarisira maoko ake nemakumbo akaputirwa nenguvo. Muchivako unogona kuenda chete razootymi. Zviri nani kuti usapinda mus Mosque panguva yemunamato, kunyanya kana iwe usingadi kuedza kutora chiitiko chacho. Islam inorega kuita zvifananidzo zvevanhu. Uye kunyange zvazvo vasiri vagari vemazuva ano veTurkey vachiteerera mutemo uyu, vasati vawana chero ipi zvayo iri pamufananidzo, haisi kurega kubvunza mvumo.

Mazororo makuru echitendero: Ramadan

Icho chitendero cheTurkey, chine vatevedzeri ndivo vazhinji vevagari venyika, inosanganisira kuchengetwa kwemazororo matatu makuru. Ramadhani, chikamu chinofadza chaJanuary naFebruary, inonzi mwedzi wekuonekwa kwebhuku dzvene reKoran. Panguva ino, maererano nehuwandu hwevagari veTurkey, mukova weGehena wakavharwa uye unozarura - kuParadhiso, vanhu vanobvisa simba rekuipa.

Ramadhani inguva yekutendeuka uye mabasa akanaka. VaMuslim vanodavira kuti zvitadzo zvekare mwedzi uno zvakanganwirwa nyore nyore, uye kuputsa kwemitemo yeKoran, yakaitwa munguva ino tsvene, inorangwa zvakanyanya. Ramadhani inozivikanwa nekutsanya-kudya, kunwa, kusvuta uye kuva neukama hwepedyo hwakarambidzwa chete panguva yemasikati.

Mahedheni makuru ezvitendero ndeaya: Sheker Bayram uye Kurban Bayren

Imwe zororo rinokosha reIslam, Sheker Bayram, rinopembererwa pakarepo mushure meRamazan, ndiko kuti, musi waFebruary 9, mukati memazuva matatu. Zita racho, iro rine mazita maviri echiTurkey, rinoshandurwa se "hove yehuga." Mazuva ano anoendeswa nekushanyira kune vaenzi uye kuita zvakawanda.

Chechi yechitatu inokosha, inopembererwa muTurkey, iri Kurban Bayran, inowira muna April. Inoguma kwemazuva maviri kana matatu uye kazhinji inofamba nefambiro kuMecca. Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vevanhu vechitendero muTurkey vachicherechedza tsika dzechitendero dzinodiwa pasina kusiya nzvimbo dzavo dzekuzvarwa.

Vanobayira mhuka dzakakodzwa zvakanyanya kuna Allah, vanoshanyira masiskiti, teererai mharidzo uye rumbidza Mwari nenziyo. Kurban Bayran inofambidzanawo nekushanyira kumakuva, kuitira kukudza chirangaridzo chehama dzakafa.

Sunnis uye Shiites

I Sunnis inoumba 4/5 yevagari vose vanotaura chiMuslim muTurkey. Kupatsanurwa kweIslam mumatavi maviri kwakaitika nekuda kwezvematongerwe enyika. Maonero akaparadzaniswa apo mubvunzo wakamuka pamusoro pekusarudzwa kwemutongi weramangwana. Nekufunga kuti ivo vanofanira kuva munhu wemhuri yeMuhammad, munhu wose akabvumirana. Asi mumhuri yorudzii mutongi anofanira kunge ariwe, maonero haana kutendeuka.

Sunnis neShiites hazvidzivirirane mukushandiswa kwezviito zvekunamatira, izvo zvinokonzerwa nechitendero chikuru cheTurkey. Vanokwanisa kunyengetera pamwe chete uye kuita mapurgrim. Vose vavo vanokudza Koran uye vanocherechedza "shongwe" shanu dzekutenda. Kusawirirana pakati pemakondohwe aya ezvitendero kunowanzosakosha, sezvo vaShiites, vanoziva nhamba dzavo duku, edza kuvadzivisa munzira dzose.

Zvimwe zvitendero zveTurkey

Zvitendero zvose zveTurkey mumashoko ehuwandu zvakaoma kuratidza, sezvo data iripo inofananidzwa zvikuru. ChiKristu, ChiJudha uye Yezidism zvakabatanidzwa musingasviki 3% yevagari venyika.

Vakanyoresa vanhu vanopfuura mazana matatu echiKristu, avo vane nhengo ye 0.6% yevanhu vehurumende. Pakati pavo kune Orthodox, Makatorike uye dzakasiyana-siyana zvePurotesitendi. Chaizvoizvo havanzwi vachinetseka kana kudzvinyirira kodzero dzavo.

Chikamu chiduku zvikuru chechiverengero chevaJudha muTurkey vakakwanisa kuvaka masinagogi makumi mana. Yezidism, chitendero chevaKurds muTurkey, ndicho chiduku zvikuru. Vazhinji vevamiririri vemadzinza aya anogara kuchamhembe kwenyika ndivo vaSunni vaMuslim.

Maitiro emakore emakore ekudzidzisa kweMuhammad akakonzera zvakasimba mufambiro uye mararamiro evanhu venyika pasi pezita reTurkey. Chitendero mushure mokuvandudzwa hachina kuzova nesimba rakadaro pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwevanhu. Zvisinei, tsika dzakawanda uye maonero anobudiswa nemagwaro emuQur'an zvakasimba zvakagadzikana mupfungwa dzavo. Munyika muno tibatana nerunyararo avo vanonyatsoteerera tsika dzose dzechitendero, uye avo vanovhiringidza nenzira dzakawanda.