MUENZANISO nonpolar covalent chisungo. Covalent chisungo polar uye nonpolar

A rinokosha pakuita makemikari nenhanho sangano munyika rine nzira yokukurukurirana muronga nezvimedu, pakati yeimwe. The yakakura Kuwanda nyore zvinhu, kureva nonmetals vari nonpolar covalent kubatana mhando, asi ari inert magasi. Simbi yakachena muchimiro vachinyanya yokukurukura nzira kuti vakaziva nokuda socialization rusununguko maerekitironi vari sekristaro napamahwindo.

Vose kunzwisisa zvinhu (kunze vamwe Organic) vari polar covalent namakemikari zvisungo. Types uye mienzaniso yeimwe izvi zvinokurukurwa pazasi. Panguva ino, ziva zvinoitwa ane atomu rinokanganisa kukurukurirana polarization.

electronegativity

Maatomu, uye zvakawanda zvakananga chinoumba wayo (iyo, sezvo tichiziva, tiri chokwadi mhosva), anokwanisa kukwezva uye kuramba Erekitironi arambe achirema, kunyanya, kuti paumbwe kwemakemikari zvisungo. pfuma iyi yainzi electronegativity. The Periodic Table mutengo dzaro dzinowanda iri nguva uye zvikuru pezvokuvamba subgroups. Electronegativity ukoshi haisi nguva dzose kugara uye anogona siyana Somuenzaniso, kuchinja mhando hybridization, vanopinda mabhomba orbitals.

Chemical zvisungo, mhando uye mienzaniso zviri pasi apa, uye zvakawanda zvakananga, asi localization kana kukwana misha kuti vokukurukura izvi mumwe nokusungwa Vatori rinotsanagurwa electronegative cho imwe maatomu akafanana. Musha kunoitika kune atomu, inova simba.

Nonpolar covalent chisungo

"Formula" nonpolar covalent linkages nyore - maatomu maviri chete zvisikwa ikashandiswa pamwe chete peya maerekitironi dzavo Valencia anoshongwa. peya kwakadaro chinonzi yakakamukana nokuti ndezvedu kumapati vose zvakaenzana kubatanidzwa. Zviri kuburikidza socialization Erekitironi arambe achirema muchimiro ungatakurwa maerekitironi, maatomu vanotama mudanga rezvipfuwo ezvinhu, sezvo zvakakwana Erekitironi dzavo dzokunze sandara, uye "octet" (kana "doublet" kune munhu nyore fuma rehydrogen H _2, iye chete That-orbital, nokuti pakupera izvo vanoda maerekitironi maviri) - ezvinhu of zvokunze chechetere, kuti vose maatomu, sezvo anoenderana rokuzadza mamiriro pamwe shoma simba.

Muenzaniso asiri polar covalent chisungo chiri Inorganics uye, chinoshamisa sezvo zvinganzwika, asiwo makemikari kemisitiri, zvakare. Izvi mhando kubatana kunoitika zvose nyore zvinhu - kunze chakanaka magasi dzisiri nesimbi, sezvo Valence pachiyero inert gasi atomu uye akatopera octet pamusoro maerekitironi, uye saka zvakafanana tichisunga pacharo haana zvaanoreva, nokuti iye, uye kunyange zvishoma zvinoshingaira zvakanaka. In vasiri polarity makemikari nyaya anowanikwa mamwe kunyanya nemamiriro Morekuru uye pane zvinodiwa.

Covalent polar chisungo

MUENZANISO nonpolar covalent chisungo achingopiwa mashomanana mamorekuru kungoti fuma, ukuwo yeimwe ose dipoles umo Erekitironi arambe achirema iri zvishoma zvava kune kupfuura electronegative Kufananidzira, - makura ruzhinji. Chero mubatanidzwa kwemaatomu nedzimwe electronegativity ukoshi anopa polar chisungo. Zvikurukuru, nokuda makemikari nyaya - a polar covalent chisungo. Dzimwe nguva Ionic inorganic oxides zvakare polar, uye munyu pamusoro acids uye Ionic chokuedza chinokurira mhando.

Somunhu mhosva zvakanyanyisa pamusoro polar kunyorerana dzimwe nguva zvakaipa uye Ionic mhando yeimwe. Kana electronegativity rimwe zvinhu zviri kupfuura dzimwe, imwe Erekitironi hangaiwa iri zvakachinja kubva kukurukurirana centre kwazviri zvachose. Saka pane nekupesana mukati ions. Munhu unotakura ane Erekitironi vaviri, ari vatendeuke kuva anion uye anogamuchira munhu akaipa nokuchengeta, uye kurasikirwa ane Erekitironi - iri rinochinjwa kuva nokuo- nga uye ave akanaka.

Mienzaniso inorganic zvinhu pamwe covalent chisungo mhando non-polar

Zvinhu pamwe apolar covalent ukama - Somuenzaniso, vose binary gasi mamorekuru: rehydrogen (H - H), okisijeni (= O), senitrogen (mu ayo Morekuru 2 maatomu zvakabatana chisungo katatu (N ≡ N)); mvura uye zvakasimba zvinhu: kuiisa chlorine (Cl - Cl), fluoro (F - F), Bromo (Br - Br), ayodhini (I - I). Uyewo kunzwisisa zvinhu rinoumbwa nemaatomu akasiyana okunze, asi pamwe kukosha chete chairo electronegativity Somuenzaniso, phosphorus hydride - ph _3.

Organic uye non-polar tichisunga

Kwazvo pachena kuti zvose makemikari nyaya yakaoma. Mubvunzo ndewokuti, sei pane kuva nonpolar chisungo pane kunzwisisa nyaya? Mhinduro iri nyore, kana zvishoma musoro kufunga. Kana electronegativity tsika vakarondedzera zvinhu akasiyana zvishoma uye havaumbi munhu dipole nguva iri mukomboni, kubatana kwakadaro kunogona sechinoitika vasiri polar. Izvi zviri kuitika kabhoni uye rehydrogen: zvose C - H zvisungo zviri makemikari nyaya vanoonekwa kuti non-polar.

MUENZANISO nonpolar covalent chisungo - methane Morekuru, nyore makemikari akakura. Inoitwa rimwe kabhoni atomu iyo, namarudzi Valence, zvakabatanidzwa nezvisungo vasina kusvika mana rehydrogen maatomu. Kutaura zvazviri, morekuru haisi dipole, sezvo pasina muripo localization mune chinhu uye tichiregeredza yacho tetrahedral mamiriro. The Erekitironi arambe achirema iri kuparadzirwa zvakaenzana.

Muenzaniso asiri polar covalent chisungo chiri zvikuru kunzwisisa Organic yeimwe. Zvinonzi akaziva tichiregeredza mesomeric zvinokonzerwa, kureva, inopindirana muedzo Erekitironi arambe achirema, izvo vakakurumidza inodzimurwa carbon cheni. Saka, muna morekuru hexachloroethane chisungo C - C nonpolar nokuda kudhonza yunifomu Erekitironi arambe achirema matanhatu kuiisa chlorine maatomu.

Mamwe zvisungo

Kuwedzera covalent chisungo, izvo, sezvinei, anogona kuitwa pamusoro anyatsoronga-acceptor mashandiro, pane Ionic, esimbi uye rehydrogen zvisungo. Brief Unhu Penultimate maviri kukurukurwa pamusoro.

Rehydrogen ukama - ndiro electrostatic intermolecular kukurukurirana, izvo zvinogona kuitika kana pane atomu ari Morekuru uye chero vamwe rehydrogen rine unshared Erekitironi yezvinoita. Izvi mhando kwokuva kuri kusimba zvikuru kupfuura vamwe, asi nokuda kwokuti fuma kusungwa izvi zvinogona kuumbwa kwazvo, zvinoita yekudyidzana kuti zvivako zviri mukomboni.