Memory: kupatsanura uye mhando ndangariro

Memory chinhu mupfungwa muitiro dzine consolidating, unochengetera kwaizotevera kubereka mashoko. Nokuda akavhiyiwa izvi inopiwa pakuchengetedza ruzivo kwevanhu.

tsvakurudzo History

Kudzidza nomusoro yakatanga kare uye dzaibatanidzwa kuti hwekudzidza. MuGreece yekare Somuenzaniso, yaiva tsika kuti titi mashoko opinda musoro munhu ari muchimiro zvakananga zvinhu zvacho, vachisiya pakatsikwa netsoka iri nyoro nyaya uropi, sevhu kana wakisi.

Zvadaro, munyori "hydraulic" muenzaniso tsinga, Descartes formulates pfungwa yokuti kushandisa nguva zvakafanana etsinga fibers (mhango sepombi, maererano Descartes) kunoderedza kurwisa kwavo kufamba "midzimu mhuka" (nemhaka kuwedzera). Izviwo, zvinotungamirira paumbwe nomusoro.

Mugore 80-ies. Remakore rechi19 H. Ebbinghaus inopa pachake nzira kwayo kudzidza mitemo anonzi yakaisvonaka ndangariro. Mabiko raiva nemusoro upenzi mabhii. Vakazova nomusoro makakombama, uyewo mamwe maitiro kuita mashandiro ari Association. Somuenzaniso, rave kuwanikwa kuti zvikurukuru zvakasimba kurangarira zviitiko vakaita simba mupfungwa munhu. mashoko akadaro inochengeterwa pakarepo uye zvachose. Kusiyana neizvi, zvisinganyanyi kukosha kuti munhu Data (kunyange kana vari zvikuru kunzwisisa panyaya tigutsikane) ari ndangariro, sezvinoita mutemo, hadzina kuchengetwa kwenguva refu. Saka, H. Ebbinghaus kutanga kureva adzidze kuyeuka experimental nzira.

Kutanga mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 zvichienda mberi ndangariro muitiro kuedza kududzira nomuenzaniso pamwe nokushanda vakadaro zvemaziso mano, zvakadai neserura, wokurekodhesa, zvemagetsi kombiyuta, uye vamwe. Kana tikaswedera ane muenzaniso zvemazuva ano, pane nyaya kombiyuta ndangariro kupatsanura.

Pachikoro ano esayenzi zvoutachiona ringanidzo zvinoshandiswa mune Kuongorora zvigadziriswe pakati nomusoro. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe mhando ndangariro zvakabatanidzwa samolecular hwaro: mashoko imprinting muitiro achabatsirwa nokuwedzera zviri kwouropi Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu nucleic acids.

kupatsanura okuyeuka

Psychology inobva zvinotevera nzira kuti hurumende ichiisa mhando ndangariro:

1. hunhu yemamiriro kwepfungwa basa:

• motokari,
• zvakaumbwa,
• mupfungwa,
• kutaura zvisingarambiki.

2. Nature of zvebasa:

• zvemasanga,
• involuntary.

3. ya kutara / okuponesa zvinhu:

• kwenguva pfupi,
• -Yakareba,
• operative.

4. Use mnemotechnical pfuma:

• zvakananga,
• yairevererwa.

Hunhu yemamiriro kwebasa mupfungwa pakuvhiya

Pasinei chokwadi kuti marudzi ose ndangariro zvakafanana chokuratidza ichi, havapo vari voga uye dyidzana pedyo mumwe, Blonsky akaratidza zvimwe chaizvo neimwe mhando:

• Motor (injini) ndangariro. Kupatsanura okuyeuka iyi nyaya inoendeswa predominance mumwe kana zvimwe kufamba. Somuenzaniso, izvi mhando ndiyo inokosha pakugadzirwa unyanzvi hunoshanda uye gwenya basa (muchifamba, kumhanya, kunyora, etc.). Zvikasadaro, apo Implementation imwe injini chiito tingadai takaita nguva dzose kutanga zvakare. Saka pane sezvo imwe unyanzvi nemishonga chikamu Data (semuenzaniso, mumwe wedu ane manyorero Style dzichifura ruoko kuti kukwazisa, netsika kushandisa Forogo, Banga Nechipunu etc) uye kugadzikana (yakajeka Kutsauka kufamba zvichienderana ezvinhu).
• Zvakaumba ndangariro. ndangariro kuchengeta kupatsanura zvainanga kubva nemaonero kutungamirira modality (kutarisana, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile). Mashoko panoonekwa nomunhu pamberi, pashure achiumba mufananidzo ndangariro iri kuridzwa kare dziri kumifananidzo. Dzinenge ehupfumi kuti kumifananidzo ndiyo ichiparara uye Blurred uye kusagadzikana. Nokudaro, kuburitswa mufananidzo ari muyeuko anogona yekudyidzana kwakasiyana yaro yepakutanga.
• Emotional ndangariro. It akaratidza mubishi kwokuyeuka uye kubereka manzwiro. Kunokosha zvikuru mune pfungwa basa wacho, nokuti manzwiro anonyanya chiratidzo mamiriro zvatinoda uye zvinofarirwa, ukama tine pamwe kunze nyika. Manzwiro noruzivo nesu kare uye wakaiswa pakati ndangariro, ipapo kuita kwatiri sezvo motivators / antipobuditeley kuti zvimwe zviito. Muchiitiko chino, sezvo ari yapfuura chimiro, manzwiro, kuburitswa iri mundangariro kuti zvokunyama akasiyana ayo yepakutanga chepakutanga (zvichienderana yekupindurwa hunhu, kugutsikana uye kumanikidza mumwe ruzivo).
• Kutukana uye musoro ndangariro. Zvainanga kuyeuka munhu pfungwa (kufunga kuverenga bhuku, zviri kurukurirano neshamwari dzako, uye vamwe.). Panguva iyoyowo, nokushanda kwenhengo pfungwa hazvibviri pasina kutora chikamu mitauro siyana - richizonzi: kutukana uye musoro ndangariro. Saka kupatsanura ndangariro zvinosanganisira subspecies maviri: kana zvakakodzera kuti kurangarira chete zvinoreva zvinhu pasina chaiwo kubereka vana kuenda kutukana mashoko; kana zvakakodzera sezvo chaiyoiyo nomuromo kutaura dzimwe pfungwa.

Hunhu zvinangwa

• Zvemasanga ndangariro. Pamwe yezviri Kupinda nechido iri nedanho nomusoro, nenzvimbo uye kubereka vamwe mashoko.
• Involuntary ndangariro. The chekubuda huru zvigadziriswe okuyeuka rinopfuura pasina kutsunga, kwaita. Panguva iyoyowo simba nokuyeuka involuntary ndangariro ingava simba uye, Ukuwo, yakatsiga zvemasanga.

Ya kutara / containments

Main ndangariro kupatsanura kazhinji nguva dzose zvinosanganisira nguva yokuona.

• Short-rokuyeuka. Anoramba mashoko pashure kugumiswa ayo maonero (chiito pamusoro pfungwa nhengo kuti incentives zvakakodzera) inenge 25-30 seconds.
• Long-rokuyeuka. Ndicho chikuru muoti kuchengeta munhu akagadzirirwa kuchengeta mashoko kwenguva yakareba. Uyezve, mashoko aya rinoshandiswa kakawanda nemunhu.
• RAM. Iiswe nemashoko chaiwo mukati mhinduro chaienzanirana ano basa. Chaizvoizvo, dambudziko iri uye anosarudza kuti specificity of RAM pamamiriro ezvinhu. Kupatsanura okuyeuka naicho chokuita nenguva yokuona. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu dambudziko chisagadziriswa panguva mashoko okuchengetera ndangariro dzinosiyana masekonzi mashoma kuti mazuva anoverengeka.

Kushandisa mari mnemotechnical

• Direct ndangariro. Kupatsanura okuyeuka munyika iyi rinoitwa kubva nemaonero kuvapo / kusavapo zvimwe chikamu transceiver michina. Kana zvakananga nomusoro kwacho rinoitwa vachinzwisisa zvakananga migumisiro zvinhu zvitunha wacho manzwiro.
• Yairevererwa ndangariro. It chinozoiswa kushandisa munhu anokosha zvishandiso maitiro ari mubishi pokuzviunganidzira uye kubereka zvinhu.

Saka, pakati pacharo uye ayo anodhinda mashoko okuwedzera kubatana kushandiswa achiyeukwa. Sezvo vezvikwata izvi zviri kuita chaiwo mavanga, nokusunungura mapfundo, cribs, etc.