Aripiko rwizi Tigirisi. RwaTigrisi uye rwizi rwaYufratesi nzizi: nhoroondo dzavo uye tsananguro

Mesopotamia, kana Mesopotamia wakakurumbira - zviri pano kuti nhema matangiro yebudiriro kuMiddle East uye West Asia. Nharaunda iri yakaorera chaizvo uye rinoitwa munguva yakafanira nokuda kwevanhu yakafanana basa kuna African Nile - zvokudya akamwisa zhinji Nzanga vanhu.

The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo wekare kwenzanga

RwaTigirisi mumwe renguva inoyerera zvikuru nzizi enyika. Kubvira kare, madzinza vakagara pamwe nzira nzizi huru, uye uyu. Maiva mumupata wayo zvaivapowo kuitika kune Yufuratesi mumireniyamu rechina BC, akaumba nzvimbo okutanga dzomunyika. Paiva akakombwa zvakanaka, pamwe dzakabudirira upfumi kweguta. In kwevanhu avo nokukurumidza vakatora siyana rwokugadzira uye mapurani. The yakanaka ekunze achibvumira vagari kanoverengeka kubvisa vapfumi wokukohwa gore. Izvi akapa nderwevaya chigadzirwa uye anokanganisa zvakananga pakuzadzisa uye kwaita paruzhinji masangano. In Mesopotamia, ivo creators veguta-inoti akava sevaSumer. Nhoroondo yevanhu ava uye yakatangira kune chipo havaratidzi kunzwisisa uye zvakawanda rima makwapa. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti mutauro rudzi urwu hazvirevi chete mutauro mhuri nhasi.

Kwakatangira nzizi uye nenzvimbo ruzivo

The rwaTigirisi, sezvo, zvirokwazvo, uye yakakura muvakidzani wayo, Yufratesi, zvinotoda anokonzera iri dzakakwirira ari Armenian dzakakwirira. Zviri pano kuti utsotso mazizaya kwezviuru zvemakore kupa upenyu vaviri nzizi pakukura Western Asia. Tiger kureba kusvika zviuru zviviri makiromita (1890 km) uye pool - 378 akaenzana mamita. ? km. Yufuratesi - zvakawanda chakarebesa rwizi. Inoyerera nokuti anenge zviuru zvitatu makiromita (2790 km). Pool 1065 ba. ? km. Kutanga mumakomo, pamapani Mesopotamia pamusoro, vanoumba rakakura mupata. nzizi Vose vane navanopinda mugero pamwe raiiswa mabhanga, izvo dzimwe nzvimbo vanoumba zvakarurama zvinokosha zvarakasiya uye kontruklony. The Tiger kuwa zvina zvikuru rechibharo: Mukuru Zab, Botan, Little Zab uye Diyala. Naizvozvo, uye nokuda kwayo nokukurumidza zvikuru kudarika rwaYufratesi, iyo inoyerera ichipinda zvinotevera rechibharo: Tohma, hexyl, Belih, Habur.

Kubatanidza kune rwizi itsva

Kana vachipinda nizhnemesopotamskuyu nokumapani rwizi DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA, pova guru wetlands. Riverbeds vanowira zvikuru nezviduku maoko wandei. Pano Yufratesi kushanda haagamuchiri mvura kubva vabati vechibharo. Panguva iyoyowo rwizi Tigirisi mvura dzinofambiswa neZagros. Naizvozvo, panguva ino zviri zvikuru renguva inoyerera mukoma wake. Mvura nzizi mbiri kazhinji chinofashukira. Panguva iyoyo vanogona yekudyidzana kushandura vaiongorora nzvimbo. At 195? Km kubva kwePersian Gulf, pedyo Iraqi neguta Qurnah, nzizi mbiri batanidza. Izvi unoumba chimwe chiteshi Shatt al-Arab. Asi chii nyika murwizi Tigirisi integrates Yufratesi! Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Shatt al-Arab akazviratidza haana kudaro kare, kare munhau nguva, uye hwakabatana pamwe zvishoma nezvishoma shure kwemvura kwePersian Gulf. Ruchiyerera napakati nyika Iraq uye Iran nyika muganhu, ndicho Iraqi guta Al-Kishly runoyerera kupinda ndikunde kumusoro.

Flora uye fauna of Mesopotamia

Aripiko rwizi Tigirisi, zvakanga kamwe mupfumi kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Kubvira kare, mvura chinogona vokuparidzira akapa yakawanda hove. Uyewo, pedyo zvakasvibirira bhandi anewo siyana mhando mhuka. Anthropogenic Impact ari muchimiro dzakawanda madhamu uye migero, zvakawanda zviri yakavakwa kutyora ose mitemo zvakakonzera uye kuramba kukonzera zvikuru kuvadza wamashekeri Tigirisi. Uyewo murwizi zvisiri pamutemo pauri tsvina mvura munzvimbo misha guru. Mvura kubva kwaari ikozvino chinomiririra aurayiwe nokuda kuvapo kwakanga vamiririri zvirwere ngozi. River fauna of akanga zvikuru damage matambudziko evanhu uye maindasitiri zvinhu. Akapotsa kwayo ukoshi Fisheries. Kunyange zvazvo rwizi achiri carps, catfishes, vanhu vanotya kuti kudya. Mune Baghdad kudunhu Tigre, unogona kuona nzombe Sharks, inoratidza kubva Persian Gulf.

Chinhu chinokosha chinogona kuMiddle East

Saka riripi rwizi Tigirisi? Pari chikuru gang ruchiyerera napakati mundima kunyika nhanhatu. Zviri Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Siria uye Jordan. Water mari ndiwo faniro chipi nharaunda Nyika uye chero nyika nenyika. Zviri munharaunda iyi, kunyanya vanomiririrwa Arab nyika, kune kuperevedza kukuru chinokosha pakuderedza iyi upenyu hunogutsa. Heano yakaoma kumaodzanyemba munzvimbo uye yakakura mumarenje, rwizi saka yekare rwaTigrisi uye rwizi rwaYufratesi ivo kunokosha. Izvi rwizi huru nembiya kuWest Asia rechibharo zhinji, idzo dzinoyerera kuburikidza kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo. Inoganhurana rwizi ndiwo musoro zvinovava kusanzwisisana inoti kuMiddle East. Muna 1987 zvakanzi yakasainwa munhu tripartite chibvumirano pakati Siria, Iraq uye Turkey, maererano izvo mapato vakazvipira pachavo anorenda kushomeka mvura.

Environmental matambudziko avo mapedzero

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyika kubudikidza ane ndima rwizi Tigirisi, zvakakomba haashandirwi nokuzadzika kwacho. Zvakakanganiswa nayo, maererano rokutanga nokufungidzira United Nations nyanzvi, vanopfuura 84% yayo kwokutanga kwaniso. Gone zvakawanda endemic mhuka. Tichifunga zvikuru kunaka kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu bheseni inoumbwa ne Trilateral Commission. Panguva chirongwa kweTurkey chakatangwa Joint Water Institute, izvo zvinosanganisira nyanzvi kubva kuminda siyana nesayenzi. Kurangarira sangano kusanganisira harmonization kuti kuvakwa hydraulic hurongwa kurwizi. Uyezve, rakagadzirirwa kuongorora kungwaririra mari kwemvura mari nokuita nyika. Iraq uyewo haashandirwi mamiriro rwizi mukati nenyika yaro. Muna 2012, hurumende vechiArabhu nyika kushandisa purogiramu dongo mvura asunungurwa kupinda Tigirisi. Uyewo anopa kuvakwa anoverengeka wastewater kurapwa zvivako mumaguta makuru ehurumende. Kunyange zvakadaro, mamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza nzizi mbiri achiri zvikuru zvashata. Kusawirirana munyika nekuti icho waterways izvi kuyerera, usarega kumisa zvinobatsira uye kuchengetedza mvura.