Misika yematombo yezvombo muRussia. Kutengeserana kwemasimba kusina mutemo (Code Criminal)

"Tichiona magetsi mhosva mamiriro ..." - ndiani pakati pedu haanzwi mashoko aya, kuti kuyambira zvichibvira ngozi. Chimwe chikonzero kuti pave kukura akaipa zvikonzero kukanganisa zvisiri pamutemo zvisiri vanovengwa. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuti pane dema pamusika zvombo Russia. Pamwechete ayo kukura pane prerequisites anatsiridze hwakarongwa mhosva uye ugandanga.

pfungwa

By tsanangudzo, chombo - ndiko chero mumiririri kuti anogona kushandiswa zvichikurukura, upenyu rinoponesa (kuzvidzivirira), auraye kana kuparadzwa dzavamwe vapenyu chipfuro.

Kuti kupa yunifomu pamutemo mutemo mumunda zvombo turnover muna 1997 akapinda simba iri Federal Mutemo "On Weapons» № 150-FL, izvo hunodzorwa yose chombo uye kukura vari dzinokosha idzi. In nomurayiro, kushanda kwazvinoita kudzora riparadzirwe pfuti kunogara nemapurisa. The mashoko panotaurwa kunorondedzerwa Federal Mutemo "On Police", iro vakapinda simba muna 2011.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pamwe kuitwa Mutemo "On Zvombo" yakawedzera nhamba yevanhu kutenga kuvhima, mitambo nezvimwe pfuti uye pfuti pamutemo nzira. Panyaya iyi, chombo anofanira kunyoreswa, uye anofanira kuva rezinesi kuti kutenga, okuchengetera uye kushandisa nyaya. Nyaya iyi inopa chinokosha mapurisa dhipatimendi - OLRR (kutyora uye kubvumira basa dhipatimendi).

Zvinosuruvarisa, mutemo "On Zvombo" pasi amuudza hazvina kukwana, unobvumira kududzira urongwa uhwu zvayo chete kungwara. Zvikurukuru, hazvina kuiswawo pakati pemazita muchikwata vasiri ngozi zvombo (somuenzaniso, gasi pfuti), iyo, kunyange zvisiri zvinorwadza, asi akagadzirirwa kuti kupfura. Standard mabara anogona kutsiviwa nezviitiko.

zvombo

Mutemo № 150-FL ndedzinotevera (vamwe vavo vari kwakaratidzwa pamusoro pamutemo maoko pamusika).

1. Civil maoko:

a) kuzvidzivirira chombo:

• Fire wakatsetseka-dzikapupurira zvombo, kusanganisira cartridges kuti wakapona chiito.

• Zvombo shoma zvikuru.

• Gas zvombo.

• yemagetsi kuvhunduka namano.

b) zvemitambo zvombo:

• pfuti ine dzichapambwa dhiramu.

• Smooth.

• Cold bladed.

• Thrown.

• Air ane tomu simba kwete kupfuura 3 J.

c) kunovhima zvombo:

• refu-barreled pfuti ine dzichapambwa dhiramu.

• Smooth-dzikapupurira refu-barreled, kusanganisira mugove Threaded kwete kupfuura 140 mm.

• Combined mhando refu-barreled, kusanganisira bvisika uye anongoremberera-dzichapambwa dhiramu.

• Air ane tomu simba kwete kupfuura 25 J.

• Cold bladed.

g) zvichikurukura chombo ;

e) chipande maoko kupfeka yenyika inoita;

e) zvombo zvinoshandiswa tsika uye dzidzo zvinangwa - zvenhaka akanyorwa kure rine tsika ukoshi.

Saka, izvi mhando zvombo zviri pamutemo uye inogona kugadzirwa, akawana, yakakodzera kutakura, okuchengetera uye kushandiswa.

Zvombo, iyo akavamba iri pamutemo zvisiri, kunyanya achirwa moto. Mari zvombo ari pamusika dema riri pakutsvaga bhizimisi.

Self chombo upgrades

Ndivo Kazhinji kacho kana pfuti Anoenda Yamuro hakubvumidzwi nemutemo. Chero zvitinakire naro, zvinoita kuti chokwadi kuti vachinje unhu substantially zvakasiyana, kwete envisaged nemurairo, kuiita wairambidza chombo. On vanenge izvi zvakafanira kubhadhara kutarisirwa chaizvo, nokuti mutemo harinyatsotauri nguva kuti anobvumira mazuvaano. For vaingoerekana kuchinja kwakadaro uye kushandiswa pave administrative uye mhosva kuita.

Kunyanya, Criminal Code pane Article 223, inoti iri gadzira pamutemo, shandurudzo, kana kugadziriswa uyewo zvisiri pamutemo vagotengeseranamo zvombo, izvo zvingaita kuti chirango makore anosvika maviri upenyu chaihwo ari munzvimbo iyoyo. Uye avo vanhu somugumisiro zviito zvavo achiri kuzivikanwa kusiri pamutemo bata uye nokuzvidira mapfumo pasi zvombo, asingachaiti mhosva kuita.

Mugore Administrative Code Articles 20.8-20.15 yacho. kushandiswa, kuchinjwa, nokutongesa, kunatsiridza uye kutyora zvombo uye akapfeka vanhu vake mumamiriro ezvinhu doro kana zvimwe kudhaka. Chirango vanhu vakaita administrative Chirango mhosva iyo anotakura yakanaka idzodzo nguva kana rine kwete mhosva. Mupfungwa iyi, vatsvakurudzi kuti mitemo Russian nharo kuti kupokana nemutadzi uye administrative remitemo pamusoro kusiri zvisiri maoko pave duality yokurangwa zvemitemo mutemo, sezvo zvakaoma kuona mafungiro basa.

Zvikonzero maoko kutengesa

Arms kutengesa muRussia saka kure zvasvika dambudziko kukura nokuda kwekushaiwa hwokugadzira uye zviri pamutemo anobata kutyora uye kubvumira dhipatimendi. Kugadzirwa Standardization uye advertising kwezvombo iri enshrined mu "On Technical Regulation" mutemo, iro rakagamuchirwa muna 2003. Zvisinei, tsanangudzo yakaperera zvombo ave pasi, iyo upenyu uye utano, zvinoda kuitwa zvemitemo mabasa yokudzora zvose zviri zvombo, dzakakudzingai haana chokuita nokushandiswa zvivako zvayo.

Unogona kutanga chokuti zvisiri pamutemo zvombo zvisiri akagoverwa pakati yevagari zvakakwana. zvemitemo zvikanganiso zvinoratidzwa kusada kuvagari kuti vanyorese. Izvi anonyanya nokuda ya nzira, tinofanira kutora zviito, izvo hamuneni nguva. The vashandi pachavo vanoti kuti tinofanira kuvandudza unyanzvi nemirayiro, izvo zvaizoita mhanyisa chirongwa kutyora uye kunyoresa zvombo. Ziva akakodzera zvombo nokurondedzerwa inodiwa panguva nguva unyanzvi kuti tsvimbo OLRR kwete nhaka. Izviwo, anosika kudiwa kunosanganisira kunze nyanzvi, zvinotora nguva.

Uyezve, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvombo zvisiri pamutemo kunodiwa vanhu vasingakwanisi kuwana nayo pamutemo chero chikonzero.

Zviri pamutemo vawana zvombo

For yepamutemo kutenga zvinhu zvinouraya simba zvakafanira kuwana mvumo uye marezinesi. Pasina zvinyorwa izvi chombo, izvo vaiva pedyo mugari, ichakurukurwa sezvo zvisiri pamutemo. Zvombo anofanira kutengwa kubva vakanyorwa zviri pamutemo entrepreneur chisarudzo kuti kunogona kuwanikwa weDhipatimendi kutyora uye kubvumira basa. Zviri hafu gore zvechokwadi. Nepfuti chikwata anofanira kuriritira rokuongorora nenguva dhipatimendi. Pairi, kana zvakakodzera, kuti kudzora kupfura zvabuda kuti akapinda pulegilzoteku, uye ipapo unogona kuwana rezinesi kuti ive, akatakura uye kushandiswa kwezvombo. Gwaro chinoshanda kuti 5 years. Kuti vawane mvumo zvakadai munobuda sezvinotevera:

• Rakagara kuongorora zvokurapa.
• Kudzidziswa zvakakodzera pakuita zvombo pasi.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chinorambidzwa kushandisa zvombo kuti vanhu:

• zviri pamutemo pakurapwa zvinodhaka uye chipatara pfungwa;
• vane kunoshamisa zvaaitenda;
• kunge akadzima nechivimbo kuti kutengesa mu zvombo;
• haana zera makore 18.

Nokuti kutenga mamwe zvombo zera anofanira kuva nemakore anenge 21.

zvimwe akakodzera izvi uye zvokudya mitemo zvombo, kusanganisira Criminal uye Administrative Codes, kuva zvakasimba inofanira kuchengetwa, zvimwe maoko kutengesa ichakurukurwa pamutemo.

Zvisiri pamutemo kutenga zvombo

A sangano repamutemo yakasiyana chaizvo ane dema pamusika zvombo Russia. Tichienzanisa kuti upgrading ari pamutemo zvombo pachavo - of iceberg pamusoro pemvura mumvuri upfumi. Pari, unogona kutenga zvombo, achiziva kwete chete nokutengesa zvakananga, asi kuburikidza neindaneti.

The kudhura zvombo zvakadaro, sezvo tichienzanisa zvemitemo zviitiko, hakusi chipingamupinyi matsotsi kana vanhu vanongoda kuti vakapakata. Overpaying, mutengi haaiti chete anoponesa nguva asi anogamuchirawo chero zvombo zvavo zvavanoda.

Black pamusika zvombo Russia iri kuramba achiudza pamwe muzviitiko itsva uye itsva, uye nzira tinorwisana zvisiri pamutemo wokufambisa zvombo kuramba nenguva chechetere.

Sources zvombo zvisiri pamutemo

Zvikurukuru, anouya kubva anotevera zvinyorwa:

• Military Equipment (kuba zvombo kubva echiuto).
• Army muhwezva (zvombo chakabiwa muhondo).
• zvombo Service chakabiwa kubva kwemitemo namachinda.
• Zvombo vagadziri, zvinova bhizimisi zvisiri pamutemo.
• Nechitsotsi kubva nyika dzakavakidzana.

Maererano nenhamba, 17% kwezvombo rinobva kanga, 14% - kuba nyaya, 5% of zvachose - migumisiro "archeologists dema". Zvisinei, yevakapindura aisada kupa mazita avo, vane ruzivo zvakananga mumunda okuita zvombo zvisiri, vakati kuti zvombo yakawanikwa Pavaichera kwenguva refu nguva hakuna kutenga - undignified.

Pamutemo kutenga zvombo. Kodzero wana

Mari pamutemo kugadzirwa kwezvombo kunoenderana worudzii zvayo mhando yakatengwa. Uyezve, vanhuwo zvavo vagari anogona kutenga marudzi anotevera:

• Zvombo kuzvidzivirira.
• Mitambo.
• Hunting.
• Bladed melee chombo chakagadzirirwa kuti yaipfekwa pamwe nenyika inoita.

zvombo Military anogona kuwanikwa chete zvachose zvokurangana, kana hwakabatana pamwe kudikanwa kurishandisa. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvinotevera mamiriro:

• Vezvemitemo.
• Muuto kuchengeteka.
• Armed Forces of Russian Federation.
• Private kuchengeteka Makambani.

Panguva iyoyowo zvombo zvehondo, vane mitengo nokudzorwa mamiriro, ndakatengeswa pasi rezenisi, izvo nekanzuru sangano. Vashandi vari mvumo kuchengeta uye kutakura zvombo, vakadzidziswa.

Cost smoothbore zviumbu pane imwe zviri pamutemo nzvimbo:

Mari dzimwe mhando zvombo zvisiri pamutemo

Black pamusika zvombo Russia inopa muenzaniso anonyanya yetsiva dzakabatana. Maererano nedzimwe nemishumo, kuti TT ndiye anonyanya kupfuura PM, sezvo "Macarena" Uyai kunyanya zvakanyorwa kure, kureva, havana kare vakanga akapfurwa.

Muna nhasi, mazuva yakarongwa utsotsi anoda kushandisa chombo wokumwe ine silencer, saka zvipfuwo mhando vawa zvakasimba mutengo. Mari zvombo kubvira 100 900. madhora, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko kunyange yepamusoro.

Somuenzaniso, muna 90s, kana sefungu kwemhosva yaiva kwayo nenhamba, iyo AK-74 inogona kutengwa $ 500. Nhasi zvinhu zvachinja, uye zvakafanana muchina, iyo akatogadzwa zvazvingava, inogona kutengwa nokuda $ 150.

Rakarurama nhamba iri mari No, zvikuru hazviiti kuwana pachena iripo mutengo kuti "mafuta chombo", asi inozivikanwa kuti mutengo iri rinenge kaviri pamutemo.

Pamutemo, Bazi Defence vakaramba kutenga imwe AK-74 muchifarira zvombo zvitsva kuti "Izhmash" ichapa hurumende. Panguva iyoyo, dzokuchengetera vakazadzwa date mhando chombo, apo muhondo dzemazuva ano zvinoda muenzaniso nani kupfuura kunozivikanwa muchina.

rezinesi revocation

Companies avo kugadzira zvombo vanosungirwa kuti marezinesi ne Regulation "On kutyora zvimwe zvinhu". Uyezve, zvinofanira kuchengetwa kwete chete mitemo pamutemo asiwo ezvinhu okuwana, okuchengetera uye okutengesa. Mapurisa, maererano nomutemo "On Police" ane kodzero kuongorora kwakavakirwa, kusanganisira utility, nokuti zvaidiwa pamusoro ezvinhu. Kana mupurisa akazivisa chero kutyora, yakakodzera chiito. Rezinesi iri nyaya, kambani ingatadza.

Uyezve kugadzirwa, vagotengeseranamo zvombo pasina permit vari pamutemo mabasa, apara mhosva. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nyaya 171 yemutemo weCriminal Code - pamutemo mabhizimisi mabasa asina rezinesi.

Zvisiri pamutemo gadzira zvombo

Havasi vose makambani kuti vakarasikirwa marezinesi avo, vanoramba kubva kugadzirwa uye kutengeswa zvombo. Business turnover vezvikwata anounza nouchapupu mari, saka pane basa zvisiri pamutemo muna kugadzirwa uye kwezvombo. Chaizvoizvo ngaakuitirei vafambe avanoziva zviso, ndiro chokwadi kutungamirira.

Kufambira kugadzirwa kwezvombo mumumvuri upfumi kunounza zvinokosha nezvinhu kuti mamiriro, sezvo monies vakapiwa panguva Implementation dzokurwa dziri kunyoreswa uye kuwana chinzvimbo mari yaunganidzwa zvisiri pamutemo nzira. Mune ramangwana, hapana kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo, asi mutero kudzora mari idzi hadzisi pasi.

mari laundering inopiwa nokuti Article 174 uye 174,1 weCriminal Code uye kurangwa kusvika makore 10 ari mujeri.

Zvakakurukurwa kuunganidzwa zvombo, makopi uye isingadhuri yezvifananidzo

Mukutonga pamutemo mutemo uri pasi kwete chete nezvombo zvehondo, mutengo izvo vakaverengwa ambotaurwa, asiwo nemuteresi. Zvichakubatsirawo pasi pamutemo uye advertising, kunyange kana asina kushandiswa. zvombo kumboda yakadaro chenhau kukosha, uye vanoshuva kutenga rakasiyana Somuenzaniso zvakakwana.

Uyezve, pane makopi uye isingadhuri yezvifananidzo zvombo, izvo kuridzwa yapakuvamba vanodhirowa. Mhando izvi zvinhu, Chokwadi, kwete kuonekwa sechinhu chombo, saka havana kuuraya simba, asi ivo vane zvose zvaidiwa yepakutanga.

Makopi, isingadhuri yezvifananidzo, yakatofanana zvombo havasi zvakanaka nyaya, izvo ngozi upenyu uye utano unhu, saka zviri pachena pasina chinhu mvumo.

Zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti kunyange akapfeka kopi chombo uye kwete mhosva, ari mugari anekodzero abate mapurisa kuti vazive mamiriro ezvinhu sezvo zvakafanira kuzosimbisa veracity chemashoko muridzi yacho, kuburitswa mumufananidzo yepakutanga.

kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo zvombo

Special nzeve vanofanira pamutemo zvombo. Muna 2014, akaudzwa kuti nokukurumidza akapfeka uye kushandiswa chero zviumbu achaiswa kubvumirwa, kusanganisira yetsiva. Zvisinei, Interior Ushumiri waramba mashoko aya, vachiti vaizotsauswa modernized mitemo unyanzvi mirayiro. update ichi havazofaniri chinhu chokuita chisarudzo pamusoro turnover upi chombo, akati ushumiri.

To musi, Akave nokuvandudza "Mitemo turnover dzevagari uye basa zvombo uye zvombo pamusoro munharaunda Russian Federation", pasi izvo akabvumira kutakura zvombo dzechimwe kuzvidzivirira kune vagari vane rezinesi hwayo ive, akatakura uye kushandisa. Kare, mutemo waibvumira kutakura zvombo chete panguva chipfuro tsika, kuvhima, uye zviitiko zvemitambo.