Zvisikwa zvemhuka: tsanangudzo pfupi

Chero zvipi zvisikwa zvipenyu ndizvo zvakanaka, uye kana kuparadzanisa, kutya uye dzimwe nhengo dzesimba dzitibvumira kuti tivepo, ipapo pfungwa dzinonyatsozivikanwa iyo muviri unoziva uye inoona nzvimbo yekunze. Muchiitiko ichi, kirasi imwe neimwe yezvipenyu zvisikwa zvine maitiro ayo.

Nhengo dzemazwi ehove

Vamiririri vekirasi iyi yemhuka vakanyatsoona maziso, ayo anowanikwa ne retina, lens uye cornea. Kusiyana kukuru pakati pezvikamu izvi ndechokuti kana uchiona mufananidzo, lenzi hairi kuchinja kuputika, sekumwe kune mamwe mavara, zvinongoramba zvichitaura maererano nekromaa, nokudaro kutarisa ziso.

Iko hove uye nhengo dzekunzwa, izvo zvitatu zvinokwana, zvikamu zvinongororwa zvingano. Vamwe vamiririri vanewo izvo zvinonzi Weber nhengo, iyo inobatanidza chivharo chenzeve yomukati neyo kushambira chikafu, icho munyaya ino chinoshanda se resonator yezwi. Vagamuchire vanoona tora uye kunhuwa, zvinogona kuwanikwa kwete mumuromo uye mumhino, asiwo yakapararira mumuviri wose.

Chimwe chikamu chinonakidza ndechekupedzisira, iyo ndiyo yakagadzirirwa nzira dzakabatana nehutachiona. Izvozvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune iyo hove dzisina meso - ndeyokuti ivo vanogona kunzwisisa nyika yekunze nekuchengetedza.

Haisi chakavanzika chokuti dzimwe hove dzinogona kugadzirisa kumagetsi emagetsi uye kunyange kugadzira mafungiro emagetsi nekubatsirwa kwemasero anokosha uye nerve fibers.

Nhengo dzenhengo dzemamphibians

Nhengo dzenhengo dzevamiririri vekirasi ino dzakatozogadziriswa kuti dzivepo mumhepo. Semuenzaniso, maziso avo atove ane maziso, pamwe nekwakanyunguduka kunobwinya kunoita kusvibisa uye kuchengetedza mabasa. Iyo lens inogona kushandura hukuru hwayo zvichienderana nekupenya.

Mukuwedzera, amphibians ane zvikwama zvinoshandiswa kunze zvinobuda kunze nemhino. Mhuka inogona kunhuwira kunhuhwirira mumhepo. Kana iri nhengo dzekunzwa, ma-amphibians anototanga kuumba nzeve yepakati uye tambo ye tympanic, pamwe nekachepa kanoti stapes.

Zvose zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi zvinowanikwa mumakanda ematehwe. Miti yekare yemamphibians, pamwe nematadpoles, achiri nechepamusoro.

Nhengo dzemazwi ezvakanaka

Mune vamiririri vekirasi ino, pfungwa dzave dzatove dzakagadziridzwa uye dzakashandurwa muhupenyu mumhepo. Zvinonyanya kukosha kune mhuka idzi maziso akaumbwa kudarika mumamphibians - pane mishonga yakagadzikana inonamatira kune lens uye inogona kuchinja kupenya kwayo kuitira kuti iise pfungwa yacho. Mukuwedzera, zvipembenene zvine mazhenje echokwadi , iyo chakavanzika chinochengetedza maziso emhuka kubva pakuoma. Kune maziso emafoni.

Mhuka dzakadai dzine choana (mukati mehwamanda), iyo iri pedyo ne pharynx, iyo inobatsira zvikuru kufema panguva yekudya. Zvinoratidzwa kuti zvipembenene zvinonyanya kunzwisa kunhuhwira kupfuura vamiririri vekirasi yemamphibian.

Nhengo dzorara dzinomiririrwa nezvivako zvakananga - mavhunza anonaka anowanikwa mu pharynx. Uye pakati pemaziso nemhino pane iyo inonzi inonzi facial fossa, iyo inokubvumira kupindura kutsika kwekushisa. Semuenzaniso, mune dzimwe nyoka, chimiro ichi chinokubvumira kukurumidza kuwana zvokudya.

Kunzwa nhengo haisi yakanyatsogadzirwa uye inofanana neyamphiri inonzwa rubatsiro rwekunzwa. Zvinokambaira zvine nzeve yepakati uye yomukati neyechimbanho chetchimpanic, pamwe ne stapes - duku duku rinotapudza kunamatira kumudumbu we tympanic. Kuvhiringidza muhupenyu hwemhuka idzi hazvikoshi zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, mu nyoka iyo inenge isati yakasimbiswa.

Sezviri pachena, nhengo dzemuviri dzakagadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma munguva yekushanduka-shanduka, kugadzirisa kupona mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu uye kuva yakaoma uye inoshanda.