Ndezvipi maruva? Mazita mubindu maruva. Biology: maruva (mamiriro)

maruva dhipatimendi iboka guru zvinomera kuti vanoumba muupenyu hwake kupfupiswa chaiwo dzakachinjwa Matavi - maruva. Kusiyana nevanhu (midzi, mashizha uye mabukira) ari vegetative zvomukati, ivo, pamwe mbeu nemichero, kuita zvinokosha rokubereka chaitika. Munyaya ino tichakurukura madingindira zvikuru dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira ruva marongerwo uye chikuru nhengo dzayo basa. Tichakurukura ndedzipi maruva, ivo dzinoiswa uye vakasiyana mumwe.

Biology: maruva. Marongerwo kushanda hunde

Zvakasikwa, pane zvakasiyana-siyana mavara, rakasiyana mumwe chivako, ruvara uye kukura. Mumwe nomumwe wavo wakanaka yazvo nenzira. Vanodzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu funga ruva sezvo kunzwisisa nhengo zvakakodzera kuti mbeu kubereka. Kazhinji mashoko, inoitwa zvikamu zvitatu:

• hunde (mudziyo, pedicel);
• Ndiro (petals, sepals);
• rokubereka (pistil (s), Stamens).

Ruva wanamatira pamusoro kupukunyuka achibatsirwa ari peduncle - inokosha elongated organelle, ari kuenderera hunde.

In maruva zvimwe zvirimwa zvakadai sunflower, chibage, the willow, plantain, apila ruva dzinde zvakaoma kuoneka nokuda kwavo simba kupfupikisa. The mudziyo nzvimbo - rokumusoro, rakasiyana chikamu ruva gunde - akaronga Calyx, Stamens pistils uye Corolla (imwe kana dzakawanda). Sekaiichi kungava hukuru siyana uye ane zvakasiyana chimiro - convex (razibheri), flat (camomile the), concave (rosehips, Cherry) kana elongated (avens).

Pepa ruva

Calyx muviri zvinosanganisira reshaped mashizha (sepals). chikuru basa racho kudzivirira dzomunyika zvikamu ruva pamberi vachiita wotungira. Calyx razdelnolistnoy vangava (kana sepals vaparadzana mumwe) kana gamophyllous (kana vari fused). Corolla ndicho wakajeka, vakakurumbira chikamu ruva. Inoitwa petals kubva Maruva kuti zvirimwa zvakasiyana dzingasiyana zvikuru chimiro (tubular, bhero serin'i, tenderera, uye fanera unto.) Uye coloring. The chikuru mashandiro anoita metende - the pistil uye Stamens kudzivirirwa ezvinhu yaivhuvhuta nezvakatipoteredza uye kukwezva zvipembenene mukume. Corolla uye Calyx pamusoro ruva kumusoro cover, makatumidzwa perianth. Rinogona kuva nyore, zvinosanganisira vakasununguka intergrows zvakafanana kana mashizha, kana kunzwisisa, kusiyaniswa zvakajeka Corolla uye Calyx, izvo akasiyana yekudyidzana kubva mumwe pakukura uye ruvara. Simple perianth ruripo ruva romupata uye tulips, uye kunzwisisa - bhero, carnations, petunias uye Cherry. Pane maruva uye zvachose kuine akati maatomu akafanana, dzinonzi kupfeka (the willow dota). Zvino kuti unoziva chii muri maruva kubva nemaonero pamusoro nemamiriro Corolla uye Calyx. Next, tichazvidudzira pamusoro nhengo yacho ruva, vakatakura pamuviri basa.

Rokubereka chikamu ruva

Stamens uye pistils - chinonyanya kukosha zvikamu ruva. Vari pakati. Stamens vanosarudzirwa imwe kana kupfuura madenderedzwa pedyo yomukati pamupendero perianth uye panofanira filaments uye anther umo mukume anogadzirwa. Pistil ine 3 zvikamu: mbiru, kunongedza ovary. Yokupedzisira rine ovules, iyo pashure muchangosangana mbeu. zvinomera Most vane pistil uye Stamens dzakawanda - kubva matatu kusvika zana. Dzinonzi zvepabonde nevarume uyewo nevakadzi. Vamwe mavara, zvakadai muna Cannes, panongova stamen chete. Pane miti kuti varipo kana Stamens kana pistils. Izvi zvinonzi chete pabonde - staminate kana pistillate. Vamwe mavara akadai cornflower uye sunflower zvavo hapana mumwe kana mumwe muviri. Naizvozvo dzinonzi asexual. Ndezvipi mavara iyi? The zvirimwa panguva vane staminate uye pistillate maruva dzinonzi monoecious. Vamiririri boka iri ndivo nhanga, pomuouki, wemagaka, zviyo. Kana vanhurume namaruva vari vakasiyana (zviitiko), zvinomera dzinonzi dioecious. Mienzaniso yakadaro ndiyo the willow, poplar, gungwa-buckthorn.

The akasiyana-siyana

Pasinei chokwadi kuti marudzi akasiyana zvinomera zvakachinjwa mabukira, basa rokubereka kushanda, kuva yakafanana yakarongeka, zviri pachena hazvigoni siyana zvikuru. saizi yavo anogona siyana kubva millimeter (Y duckweeds) uye kusvika rimwe mita mu dhayamita. Chimwe chinofadza zvikuru mhando Maruva ndiyo inopisa Rafflesia. Rine maruva kupfuura zvenyika, iro emit munhu sembura kunhuwa kuorera mazviri nyama. Other miti, zvakadai sebindu Jasmine, ruva, ruva mumupata, exude pemhino. Ichi munyoro, nemasango kwakanaka anokonzerwa Kunyanya zvinokosha anonhuwirira, izvo achiumbwa mumasero epidermal paiva petals uye perianth. Maruva Zvirimwa zvakawanda rusununguko inokosha runako uye kupa vanhu aesthetic mufaro. Mumwe maruva akanaka kwazvo akaonekwa akasimuka uye orchid.

makara ari petals

Ngatitarisei ndedzipi ruva ruvara. Hue pamusoro petals dzavo kukonzera kwete chete chromoplasts, asiwo anokosha madhayi - pigments yesero muto. Somuenzaniso, anthocyanin anosarudza Pink, tsvuku, zvitema kana Violet ruvara Corolla antofein - Brown, carotenoids - yellow, tsvuku uye orenji, etc. Sezvineiwo, shizha reruva ruvara kungachinja masikati -., Zvichienderana acidity muchitokisi muto. Somuenzaniso, maruva, anosima Victoria amazonica shanduko ruvara kubva-chena kuti Pink uye kune tsvuku.
White shizha reruva ruvara (somuenzaniso, Cherry, maruva, apple) pakutsvaga kusavapo pigments uye kuratidzwa chiedza mwaranzi. Pane nhema? Kwete, izvi haisi ruvara ari petals. Dark ruvara rima dzepepuru yakazara kana yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa maroon kwerima guru.

Wildflowers

Pane inenge hafu yemiriyoni marudzi akasiyana kwesango uye munda zvinomera. Asi 290 chete vavo akatsanangurwa, uye akawana zita rayo. Kubvira kare, maruva emusango (Photo chinoratidza kusiyana kwavo) zvaishandiswa pakugadzira medicaments. Hazvishamisi, sezvo vakawanda vavo vane achiporesa ehupfumi. Zvikuru vamiririri vari: cornflower, Daisy, Poppy, mabhero, voikukkien, violets, wakakanganwa-ini. Cornflowers - ichi chinhu chaizvo maruva akanaka inopenya mutema. Kazhinji kukura muminda gorosi. Field poppies kumira kunze dzavo akapfuma tsvuku "moto" petals,. Found pamwe roadsides, shama mijenya, asi kunonyanya mune steppes. Field chamomil ane akanaka ruva pamwe yero musoro uye petals chena. Chamomile zvinowanzoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvakawanda, kusanganisira pakurapa ura, chiropa, huro uye kunanzvana mhango.

Forest maruva. Chii ruvara muri snowdrops?

Maruva akakurumbira zvikuru kukura mudondo, ndivo anemon, St. vaJohani mhanga, maruva, snowdrops, zvakajairika mashava uye nevamwe. Runako kwavo kunosiya hapana hanya. Asi sendarama dzose kusiyana sango ruva umambo chinhu snowdrop. Akatanga ikaonekwa thawed, ruramisirai kubva utsotso chando, uye kunoratidza kwematsutso. Unoziva chii ruvara muri snowdrops?

Kakawanda, izvi zvinyoronyoro primroses vane chena bhero serin'i petals. Asi pane rakachenuruka zvitema, uye kunyange mutema. Genus snowdrops zvinosanganisira anenge maviri gumi nevaviri marudzi, zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa pakati pavo vanonzi Galanthus nivalis, snowdrop Elvis, Caucasian nevamwe. Vanokura sezvinoimbwa penumbra, pasi kanopi pamiti yose.

Chimwe chinokosha dondo miti iri kuonekwa St. Johani mhanga. Dzidza zvinogona pamusoro mapazi madzinde ovate-oblong jira ane mvere penyika. Maruva ichi herbaceous perennial openya tsvuku. sana St. yaJohani inoshandiswa mukurapa sechinhu Anti-anogumbura, inorwisa utachiona uye hemostatic mumiririri.

Beautiful mubindu maruva

Garden maruva - boka guru zvishongo zvinomera, yakaitirwa kuti vashongedze upenyu hwedu uye ennoble farmlands. Vanogona Classified maererano zvimwe parameters. Somuenzaniso, bindu maruva kazhinji rakakamurwa subgroups matatu - Annual, biennials uye Perennial plants. Pakazosvika vane mwero uye panguva imwe chete rakazara Annual vanoonekwa kuva pansy, Marigold (calendula), Alyssum, nasturtium. Perennial plants - a maruva decoration kuti vachengetedze hwakaisvonaka ehupfumi zvavo kwemakore akawanda. Vane rakanakira chero mumunda, saka regai zvinoda wepagore transplantation uye zvakakomba hanya. Ndezvipi maruva? Mazita inozivikanwa Perennial plants ndeinotevera :. Astilbe, akasimuka, peony, saxifrage, daylily, campion, Crocus, daffodil, AND tulip, etc. The inozivikanwa zvikuru zvirimwa perennial inokurukurwa kuti daisies, Viola, Turkish ruva, foxglove, hollyhock, etc ..