Mbeu: kusiyana gakava uye chii zvakanakira

Zvakasikwa, pane nzira dzakawanda kubereka zvirimwa zvinenge. Vazhinji vavo chokuita paumbwe specialized masero: gametes kana spores. Panguva confluence kare, mamwe mapoka zvirimwa yakabereka mbeu. Chii chakasiyana gakava uye sei kushanda? On izvi nezvimwe zvakawanda mibvunzo nesayenzi yemazuva anotoziva mhinduro. Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri tiri.

Spores uye mbeu: mubvunzo yemhindumupindu

Upenyu dzakatangira mvura. nhengo dzakawanda algae yokupukunyuka zviomerwe ezvinhu kunokwana kukwanisa kuumba masero motile pakati asexual kubereka - zoospores. Naizvozvo, kusafanana kumbeu spores uye yakabva munguva puranga.

Wokutanga kuuya kunyika akanga achiatapudzira spore miti. Mosses, tsvimbo mosses, horsetails uye ferns anoparadzirwa pachishandiswa spores - asexual kubereka masero. Kusiyana nechepasi zvinomera - algae, ndivo mucheka chaiwo. Saka, boka iri zvipenyu uye vakanotora Generic zita.

Next, pakuitika yemhindumupindu ari mamiriro mbeu chero zvinomera. Mbeu zvinoberekwa Fusion pamusoro gametes - gametes. boka iri zvinosanganisira gymnosperms Conifers uye angiosperms, maruva zvinomera kuti angazadza hukuru chinzvimbo ano chirimwa nyika.

zvichireva sporulation

The spores zvingaite kwete chete zvirimwa. Utachiona (kuroorwa-celled, prokaryotic zvinenge) Uyewo dzinoberekera pamwe chikamu kupesana. Mukuwedzera, vanogona kurarama nyore yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu Via asexual kubereka masero. Nokuda kwaizvozvi kwemabhakitiriya kuramba kana chavakaona yakakwirira kana yakaderera tembiricha ionizing nemwaranzi.

Howa kugonawo sporulation. Uye dzimwe nhengo Foroma izvi umambo zvakasikwa anogona kukanda navo chinhambwe inopfuura mita.

alternation zvizvarwa

Sei upenyu kunoita kubereka spore-miti, anogona kunzi muenzaniso bryophytes. Green kapeti miti inonzi gametophyte, kana kurara chizvarwa. In yayo chaiyo nhengo masero utachiona vari aumba. Asi kana kwemapazi asingadi kuumba mbeu. Kusiyana gametes kusawirirana izvozvo? Izvi utachiona Masero, kubva izvo mumiririri asexual chizvarwa - sporophyte. At Moss chinhu chakaoma gumbo ane bhokisi mukati dzakura spores. Kamwe muvhu, asexual kubereka masero ichitungirazve, pova mutema gametophyte. Uye saka hunotanga zvakare.

Nemamiriro mbeu

In mbeu miti panguva confluence vechirume gametes kuumbwa muviri rokubereka maberekero - mbeu. Kusiyana spores, izvozvo ane mudumbu (zvikabva munguva yemberi chirimwa). It chikamu embryonic mudzi, dzinde uye gemmule. Neramangwana kuvandudzika chirimwa embryo wakapoteredzwa kugoverwa zvinovaka muviri, unonzi endosperm, uye anowedzera kudzivirirwa mbeu jasi. Izvi nhumbana kaviri kubva ezvinhu ipa zvezvakatipoteredza!

Mbeu anoiswa pazviyero gymnosperms pasikweya rakashama. Asi angiosperms vanoumba wokuwedzera vakadzivirirwa muchimiro muchero.

Mbeu zvakasiyana kubva nharo

Spores ndiwo makamuri kuroorwa. Vanogona wakasiyana kukura, chimiro, kuti flagella kuti kufamba. Asi havana mumwe basa - achivimbisa kuti asexual kubereka ezvinhu zvipenyu.

More kunoenderera mberi chikamu chirimwa imbeu. Chii vakasiyana gakava iri dzidzo? Chokutanga, chii chiri muviri rinoumbwa specialized masero uye munyama.

Nokuti kukura uye kumera kuti spores vanoda mvura uye vane dura mbeu atova endosperm. Ndosaka mosses uye ferns zvinowanika chete nyorovera nzvimbo.

mbeu Vazhinji mukati muchero. Ivo mudziyo yokuwedzera kudzivirirwa uye mbeu dispersal. Somuenzaniso, dzakatevedzana nekomichiyakazara uye vane okupfura nawo chaiyo kuti zviri nyore kuisa bvudzi mhuka. Samara dota kutakurwa nemhepo, uye bhokisi pachayo anoparadzira mbeu henbane kure akanaka.

Masero spores imere chete pasi zvimwe ezvinhu. Kana mwando, chiedza kana kupisa haina kukwana, vanofa. Mbeu, akavonga Stock zvinodiwa zvinhu, anogona kuchovha kubva nematambudziko zvinhu. Uye pamwechete veMubatanidzwa yakakodzera kupa kuti pave muviri mutsva.

Chimwe bhonasi kumbeu kukwanisa kwavo kuwana zvitsva features, wakaiswa pakati genotype. Izvi imhaka yokuti pane mubatanidzwa mutsva yokugara zvinhu nokuda kwemapazi nemasero embeu. Uchishandisa zvinhu izvi, Breeders, masayendisiti kusika mbeu pamwe zvinokosha zvinhu. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti chando gorosi, inobereka chete kuchitonhora uye inobereka kukohwa zviyo gore rose.

Seed uye spore miti

Munyika yanhasi ine miriwo mbeu zvinomera nenzvimbo hukuru nechinzvimbo, sezvo porusvingo kurutivi shanduka kwacho. Kana isu kutaura rudzi siyana, kuti chete matope, vakapararira Moss, lycopsids, Horsetail uye ferns bereka kubudikidza spores. zvimwe zvirimwa zvose panyika - mbeu. Misipuresi apirikoti, nemiouki, Cherry, Roses uye maruva ... zvose miriwo haana kunyorwa.

Reserve zvinhu, embryo remangwana chirimwa muviri, mamwe kudzivirirwa, kukwanisa kuparadzira - zvose zvinhu izvi ane mbeu, zvikuru rakasiyana gakava, achipa vadzo dzinoverengeka zvinokosha zvakanakira.