Akabatana kuti symmetry. Shapes vane akabatana kuti symmetry. Chii hunyambiri akabatana kuti symmetry

Life izere vanhu symmetry. It vakasununguka, akanaka, hapana chikonzero wekuvamba mitemo mitsva. Asi chii chaizvoizvo ari, uye zviri yakanaka zvakasikwa, sezvo vakawanda?

symmetry

Kubvira kare, vanhu vanowanzofunga kuti kuronga nyika yakavapoteredza. Saka chinhu chinonzi chakanaka, asi chinhu haana kwazvo. Zvinobva aesthetic nemaonero sezvo anoyevedza uye vanonzi goridhe nesirivha reshiyo, uyewo, chokwadi, symmetry. Iri izwi riri yechiGiriki mavambo uye rinoreva "maererano". Chokwadi, hazvisi chete pamusoro masanga pamusoro tichishandisa ichi, asiwo dzimwe. Kazhinji kacho symmetry - ndiko pfuma chinhu, semubairo zvimwe idzodzo, zvinoguma yepakutanga mashoko. It inozadziswa zvose vapenyu uye zvinhu zvisina upenyu zvakasikwa, uyewo zvinhu chinoitwa nomunhu.

Chokutanga, shoko rokuti "symmetry" rinoshandiswa geometry, asi rinoshandiswa muminda zhinji zvesayenzi uye kukosha kwayo anoramba kazhinji kuchinja. Fani iyi iwayo akakurumbira uye anonzi zvinofadza nokuti akasiyana mashoma rudzi, uyewo zvinhu. Uchishandisa symmetry Zvinoshamisawo, nokuti rinowanikwa kwete chete zvakasikwa asiwo mapatani chinokosha, micheto zvivako zvakawanda zvimwe zvinhu nevanhu. Zvakakodzera kufunga Fani iyi muudzame, nekuti zvinonakidza chaizvo.

Kushandiswa kwezwi dzimwe minda kwesayenzi

Mune ramangwana, iyo symmetry ichakurukurwa kubva pfungwa nemaonero geometry, asi zvinokosha kutaura kuti shoko iri rinoshandiswa pano chete. Biology, virology, kemisitiri, wefizikisi, crystallography - ichi zvose chinhu kukwana mazita pazvinhu Fani iyi kudzidzwa akasiyana pamakona uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana. Kubva kune izvo sayenzi zvinoreva izwi, kunobva Somuenzaniso, kupatsanura. Saka, kuparadzana mhando zvokuva zvinosiyana, kunyange zvazvo vamwe inokosha, zvichida, kuramba chete kwose kwose.

kupatsanura

Kune mhando dzinokosha wandei symmetry, izvo vatatu rakajairika:

• Mirror - iri kuchengetwa panyaya imwe kana kupfuura ndege. Uyewo, shoko rinoshandiswa kureva symmetry mhando, kana kutendeuka kwakadaro rinoshandiswa sezvo mufananidzo.
• TOUR, axial kana TOUR - pane nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana zvinyorwa, neimwewo pfungwa - symmetry pakureva achirurama mutsetse. Rinogona kunzi sezvo nyaya chaiye rotational zvakasiyana.
• Central - pane symmetry panyaya imwe pfungwa.

Mukuwedzera, geometry uyewo kusiyanisa marudzi anotevera, ivo mashoma zvikuru, asi hapana shoma kuziva:

• zvinofamba;
• rotational;
• pfungwa;
• mberi;
• Coil;
• Fractal;
• uye t. d.

In zvipenyu, marudzi ose vanonzi zvishoma zvakasiyana, asi chaizvoizvo zvingava zvakafanana. Weboka kupinda mamwe mapoka rikauya zvichienderana nokuvapo kana kusavapo uye uwandu zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai pfungwa, ndege uye akabatana kuti symmetry. Vanofanira kunzi yoga uye zvizere.

zvinokosha

Mune Chiitiko kuti kunoratidzei zvimwe features, rimwe riri hazvo aripo. Vanonzi zvinokosha vanoumba ndege kuti symmetry uye muzinda akabatana. Maererano dzavo pamberi, pasina uye uwandu iri pakutsvaga mhando.

Symmetry centre anonzi pfungwa mukati zvitarisiko kana rekristaro, izvo wekuita muna mitsetse unobatanidza zvose pairwise zvaivapowo mumwe ruoko. Ichokwadi, haana nguva dzose dziripo. Kana pane divi risina dzakafanana mbiri, ipapo pfungwa iyi inogona kuwanikwa nokuti hazvisi. Maererano nerondedzero, zviri pachena kuti ari musimboti symmetry - ndiko kuti kuburikidza izvo nhamba inogona kufunga pachayo. Muenzaniso Somuenzaniso, denderedzwa uye pfungwa iri pakati kwayo. chaikosha ichi unonyanyozivikanwa kunzi C.

Ndege kubva symmetry Chokwadi, zvekufungidzira, asi kuti inokamura mufananidzo munzvimbo mbiri dzakaenzana kumativi kune mumwe. Inogona napo mumwe kana kupfuura mapati, kufanana nayo, uye unogona kudziudza. Nokuti zvakafanana mufananidzo kungava ndege anoverengeka. zvinhu izvi kazhinji akasarudzwa sezvo P.

Asi zvichida rakajairika ndiro rinonzi "akabatana kuti symmetry". Izvi hazvina isingawanzowanikwi chakajairika unogona kuonekwa zvose geometry uye zvisikwa. Uye akakodzera wokunyatsoporesa.

akabatana

Kazhinji chinhu, iro mufananidzo anganzi symmetric,
anoita zvakananga kana chidimbu. Chero zvazvingava, haisi pfungwa uye kwete mundege. Zvadaro inokurukura symmetry akabatana nenhamba. Pangave zvakawanda, uye ivo riri vanogona kuva chero chaunoda: govanai bato kana kufanana navo, uyewo muchinjikwa makona kana kwete kuita kudaro. symmetry akabatana kazhinji akasarudzwa sezvo L.

Miyenzaniso isosceles uye equilateral zvokuridza. Muchiitiko chokutanga ndicho hunyambiri akabatana kuti symmetry, pamativi ose izvo akaenzana kumucheto, uye mumutsara wechipiri kuchaita piringisha mumwe mukona uye zvakafanana ose bisectors, medians uye soro. Zvatinosiita zvokuridza regai ive.

Nenzira, kuunganidzwa dzose pamusoro zvinhu zviri crystallography uye rakasimba geometry inonzi mwero symmetry. zvazvingava Izvi zvinoenderana nokuwanda namasanhu uye ndege nzvimbo.

mienzaniso geometry

Inogona kupatsanurwa zvose zvinhu zvakawanda pakudzidza wemasvomhu kuna nenhamba, vane akabatana kuti symmetry, uye avo vari zvisingabvumirwi. chikamu chokutanga zvaitika zvinosanganisira zvose dzose polygons, madenderedzwa, ovals, uyewo dzimwe nguva, vamwe kuwira yechipiri boka.

Sezvinongoitikawo, paakataura pamusoro akabatana kuti symmetry pamusoro Triangle, chinhu ichi haugari kutsivana quadrangle. Nokuti sikweya, rectangle, rhombus kana parallelogram zviri, asi nokuda zvakaipa nenhamba, ukuwo, kwete. Kuti vakomberedze akabatana kuti symmetry - kutaridza yakarurama mitsetse kuti vadarike payo.

Uyezve, zvinofadza kufunga, uye nhamba-dimensional matatu kubva pfungwa iyi maonero. Mumwechete akabatana kuti symmetry kuwedzera zvose dzose polygons uye bhora achava mamwe pasikweya uye mapiramidhi, parallelograms, uye vamwe. Mumwe nyaya inofanira kukurukurwa yoga.

Mienzaniso sezvingatarisirwa kuitika

Mirror symmetry muupenyu inonzi bilateral, zviso zvikuru
kakawanda. Ani uye mhuka dzakawanda muenzaniso. Axial zvakare anonzi TOUR uye vashoma zvikuru, kazhinji zviri chirimwa nyika. Asi ivo. Somuenzaniso, unofanira kufunga vangani nematemo symmetry ane nyeredzi, uye kana ane navo zvachose? Chokwadi, tiri kutaura pamusoro zvomugungwa, uye kwete nyaya nyaya vanoongorora nyeredzi. Uye mhinduro yakarurama vachava: napo nhamba pfungwa nyeredzi, akadai mashanu, kana zviri shanu-rwakavakwa.

Uyewo, TOUR symmetry iri kuchengetwa maruva zhinji: .. daisies, cornflowers, nemaringazuva, etc. Mienzaniso nhamba huru, ivo kumativi chaizvoizvo zvose.

arrhythmia

Ichi izwi kuchikonzerwa fananei kwazvo pamusoro mushonga uye cardiology, asi pakutanga ane siyanei zvaanoreva. Muchiitiko chino, zvingava zvakafanana ne "asymmetry", kureva pasina kana kukanganisa nenguva yaakaronga kuti apote chimiro chimwe. Inogona kuonekwa Zvakangoitikawo, asi dzimwe nguva kunogona kuva zvinoshamisa kugamuchirwa Somuenzaniso, zvipfeko kana mapurani. Pashure pezvose, zvakafanana, ichibata zvivako yakawanda, asi yakakurumbira Leaning Tower Pisa achisendamira, uye kunyange akanga asiri oga, asi ndiwo muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvikuru. Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvakaitika netsaona, asi ichi ine yayo wemashiripiti.

Uyezve, zviri pachena kuti chiso nomuviri vanhu nemhuka zvakare kwete zvakakwana zvakafanana, ichibata. Kunyange vapedza zvidzidzo, maererano izvo "zvakanaka" munhu anoonekwa somunhu asiri mupenyu kana kungoti asingakwezvi. Kunyange zvakadaro, omumwe symmetry uye Chiitiko pachayo zvinoshamisa uye haisati ainyatsonzwisisa, uye saka dzinonakidza zvikuru.