Magical realism. Izvo zvikamu zvakakosha zvekuita maitiro

Zvemashiripiti kuburikidza ndeye nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzira pane nzira yekuita zvakanaka, yakaumbwa muzana remakore ramakumi maviri remakore muEurope neAmerica. Uye zvakajeka zvakaratidzwa pachawo mubasa reLatin America vanyori uye vanyori veNorth America. Asi tisati tasvika pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvezviitiko izvi, tinonyora pasi muchidimbu zvikamu zvikuru zvezvechokwadi, kupera muhudhi hwakatanga uye hwakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe ndokutora nyika yose yezvakanaka uye, pamusoro pezvose, mabhuku.

Mumifananidzo yekuveza , vanyori vezvinyorwa vakaedza kuratidzira chinangwa cheupenyu. Basa ravo rakazova nzira yeku kunzwisisa zvakapoteredza uye zvakaoma, unhu hwakawanda hwevanhu munyika. Uye imwe yenzira huru yeaesthetics yezvechokwadi ndeye kuratidzwa kwepikisano yakadzika uye uzivi hwehupenyu kuburikidza nemasimba anowanzoonekwa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Chimwe chikonzero chinokosha chehudhi hwezvechokwadi ndeyehupenyu hunotsigira hupenyu, kunyange kuguma kunotyisa-nguva dzose kutanga kwehupenyu hutsva hunogona kugadziriswa nekushandurwa. Izvo zvakapoteredzwa mumabasa ezvinyorwa zvinogona kuchinja uye zvinoshanduka, nguva dzose zvinopiwa mukuvandudzika, kupesana patsva uye kukakavadza kunomuka, uye ichi ndicho chikonzero chehukama hutsva.

Izwi rokuti aesthetics rezvechokwadi rakakonzera maitiro akawanda ekugadzirwa kwekutanga, ayo, anotevedzera mazano ayo, zvisinei, akaratidza chokwadi, sekunge kuti kuburikidza nejeri rakagadzirwa, rakapoteredza dzimwe nguva iyo yaifunga dzimwe nguva zvisinganzwisisiki zvinyorwa zvinoshamisa.

Zvemashiripiti zvinyorwa uye zvinhu zvayo mumabhuku uye maitiro ekuona

Mutsoropodzi weFrance E.Zhalu akatanga kuziva maitiro makuru ezvinyorwa zvemashiripiti. Iyi nzira yemhizha, mumaonero ake, inoshandura chokwadi, kuisa mukati maro zvisingazivikanwi, mifananidzo yakaisvonaka, nekuda kwekuti chokwadi chakakomberedza chinowanikwa mune zve surreal, zvinoshamisa, chimiro chekufananidzira.

Nzira yekuita zvemashiripiti yakakosha kunzwisisa. Vamiririri veyi nzira (Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Goran Petrovich, Jorge Amado, Carlos Castaneda nevamwe vakawanda) vanoshandisa nzira dzakakosha mumabasa ekunyora . Izvo, pamusoro pezvose, nhamba huru yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakagadzirwa nemifananidzo, kazhinji zvakakweretwa kubva kunyanzvi, kunyatsorondedzera kwezvakaitika zvakapoteredza. Izvo zvinongororwa, magichi nzvimbo inopoteredza heroes inogamuchirwa zvachose uye inorarama navo. Imwe yenzira dzakajeka ndeye kukanganisa kwemazuva - inoratidzika kunge isipo zvachose uye chiito chinoitika muchinguva chiduku, kana kuti chinokurudzira zvishoma, kazhinji kanguva chekare uye munguva yemberi yekushandura nzvimbo. Dzimwe nguva pfungwa dzenyaya yacho dzinoputsika, ukama hwayo huripo, uye zvinosangana nemanzwiro evanhu vanogona kuva nguva refu zvisati zvaitika. Unhu hwemabasa aya uye yekupedzisira yakazaruka, iyo inobvumira muverengi kuti aone uye anoratidza kukosha kwemashoko uye mashandisiro ezwi.

Zvemashiripiti kuburikidza nekupenda zvinowanzosimbiswa neshoko rokuti "post-impressionism", zvinoreva chigadzirwa chekugadzira chinosanganisira zvinhu zvisingabatanidzi muzviratidzo zvechokwadi. Mumifananidzo yevashandi - vamiririri vemashiripiti (Mikalojus Čiurlionis, Marc Chagall, Ivan Albright, Andrew Wyeth nevamwe), pasinei nekusiyana kwavo kwemaitiro, mumwe anogona kuwana zvimwe zvakafanana. Kusiyana nehumwe unhu hwemifananidzo, vakaedza zvakanyatsorongedzwa uye zvakanyatsoratidza kuratidza chokwadi chaicho, zvisinei, pavanenge vachinganisa nemaune zvirongwa zvepakati, kushandura mukati nekunze. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakanakisisa zvesarudzo ndezvekutamba kwechiaroscuro uye mafungiro, pamwe nemifananidzo uye mamiriro akasiyana, izvo zvinoita kuti pfungwa yemashiripiti.

Muimbi weAmerica Andrew White akaendesa kumaruwa nemapurisa evanhu chaivo vane mifananidzo yakarurama, kunyatsotarisa uye mumashoko maduku kudhonza zviduku. Zvisinei, mifananidzo yake inoumba mhemberero yakakosha pamusana pekudzidzira kusinganzwisisiki kwechifananidzo, chinokonzera, pamwe nekuparidzirwa kwechiedza uye nzvimbo yepakati.

Zvemashiripiti kuburikidza seyanzvi yemashandisirwo anoshandiswa uye vanoita mafirimu. Mumwe muenzaniso pano ndiyo firimu naA Akira Kurosawa "Dreams" naDavid Fincher "Nyaya yekuda kuziva yaBenjamin Button".