Realism paguva. pfungwa huru

Shoko rokuti "realism" rinoreva "kushanda", "chaivo". In unyanzvi, ichi kuitika sezvazviri, zvechokwadi kuratidza chokwadi nokushandiswa dzakananga midziyo.

Kare, chesamende zvinoreva "realism" zvinoreva kuti unyanzvi uye nemabhuku, izvo achiumbwa nemasere remakore. kubudirira kwayo uye zvose-kumativi kukura munharaunda iyi yakasvika muzana remakore rechi19. Panguva iyi, zvakajeka zvikuru akaratidza yakaoma realism paguva. Direction yakazokudziridzwa pamwe kana kutambura nevamwe dzenzvimbo art remakore rechimakumi maviri.

Realism mu kupenda pezana remakore rechi19 kunoratidzwa chairo zvinoyevedza gadziriro, iyo hunonzi akaruramiswa sezvo nemachira vanoziva nzira.

In France, muitiro uyu uri kunobatanidzwa kunyanya ne zita Courbet. The chikuru chinodiwa realism panguva yakanga kukumbira dzinoitwa chaichoicho zvakasiyana-siyana kuonekwa, uchishandisa imwe sainzi chaiyo. Vamiririri kuitika vakashandisa zvakajeka uye chaiwo unyanzvi, dzichiritsiva navo zvishoma "kujeka uye hutera" kudanana nzira. Zvikuru munguva yemberi kukura mirayiridzo pokuchinja yaiva 1848, akasara ari fungidziro pakati vamiririri intelligentsia French.

MuRussia, realism paguva yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19, ari zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe kukura mumagariro democratic pfungwa. Izvi kwakaratidzwa mukati pedyo nokudzidza zvakasikwa, zvakadzama tsitsi kutapwa uye upenyu vanhu pamwe kwokupa mhosva yaivapo mamiriro mamiriro.

Wokupedzisira chetatu rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore aizivikanwa paumbwe vadzungairi boka. Pakati pavo Kramskoy, Perov, Shishkin, Repin, Savrasov, Surikov nevamwe. Pamusana navo, realism paguva kwasimbisa nzvimbo yayo, airatidzwa munhoroondo uye Genre painting, nharaunda uye Portraits.

tsika ano iri kunyanya kusimbiswa mu Russia mukuvamba ramakumi remakore. Izvi zvinooneka mubasa Korovin, Serov, Ivanova nevamwe. Pashure pokuchinja, zviri maererano netsika zvakatanga kuva mugovanisi realism paguva. Izvi rokusika chishandiso yaiva vanoziva aesthetic kupangidza evanhu pfungwa murume uye nyika. pfungwa Izviwo, hunokonzera nenguva kutamburira inotungamirwa uye nokusimbaradza kwenzanga itsva.

Realism paguva yakava huru zvinoyevedza dzaizotungamirira USSR. Pfungwa iyi muitiro wakanga kuziviswa mufananidzo akatendeka chokwadi kwayo echimurenga kukura.

A kunyatsoenderana pfungwa yakanga akagadzira pedyo Gorky muna 1934, panguva Writers 'Congress. Akati kuti realism muna painting, mabhuku uye uri zvavo akagadzirirwa kubvuma kuva sezvo chiito. Sezvo nzira rokusika, ane basa kuramba kukura chinokosha dzevanhu nezvaanogona, nemhaka iyo inova Zvinobvira here kuhwina pamusoro zvakasikwa nokuda utano uye hurefu vanhu uye mufaro mukuru panyika. Saka, realism paguva uye mamwe uri dzinoitwa simbi chinhu chitsva mhando hwokusika kuziva.