Machinda Soviet Union muna kurongwa

The mutongi wokutanga muduku nyika Soviet, iyo akasimuka somugumisiro yaOctober Revolution muna 1917, akava mukuru RCP (B) - iri Bolshevik Party - ". Chimurenga vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo" Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin), uyo akatungamirira vatongi vose vaivapo Soviet dzatora pambiru General Munyori Central Committee of sangano, izvo, kubva 1922, yakazozivikanwa seshanduro Communist Party - the Communist Party of Soviet Union.

Cherechedza kuti hurongwa dzematongerwe kutonga nyika, akaramba mukana upi dzakakurumbira musarudzo kana kuvhota. Changing pamusoro vatungamiriri vehurumende kuitwa achitonga chaizvo clique kana afa nowakautangira, kana zvichikonzerwa the, achiperekedzwa chairo zvakaoma romukati-party hondo. Nyaya ino nyora vatongi veSoviet kurongwa uye anozivikanwa zvikuru nzendo upenyu mamwe dzepamusorosoro evanhu.

Ulyanov (Lenin) Lenin (1870-1924)

Imwe yakakurumbira manhamba munhoroondo Soviet Russia. Vladimir Ulyanov aiva seri kwayo pakusikwa akanga murongi uye mumwe vatungamiri zviitiko chamuita kuti yokutanga yechiKomonisiti mamiriro munyika. Takananga kunyika October 1917 kubvuta masimba zvainanga vachipidigura hurumende dikidiki, akagadzwa Sachigaro reCouncil of People kuti Commissars - sezvo musoro nyika itsva yakaumbwa kubva ngwanda yeRussian Empire.

munorumbidzirweiko ake anonzi kuva norugare chibvumirano Germany muna 1918, uko kwakaguma Russian Kupinda muHondo Yenyika I, uyewo NEP - the New Economic Policy of Government, iyo aifanira kutungamirira nyika kubva rakadzikadzika endemic urombo uye nzara. vabati All Soviet aionekwa pachavo se "Leninists wechokwadi" uye zvakasimba akarumbidza Vladimir Ulyanov somunhu yokutungamirira kukuru.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakarepo mushure "kuyananiswa pamwe vokuGermany," ari Bolsheviks pasi utungamiriri Lenin kwakaita yakakanda ugandanga kurwisa munyika kuparadzana uye nhaka tsarism, izvo kwakaurayisa mamiriyoni avanhu. NEP chezvawanyora uyewo pfupi uye rakanga rarambidzwa achangofa afa musi waJanuary 21, 1924.

Dzhugashvili (Stalin) Stalin (1879-1953)

Iosif Stalin muna 1922 akava wokutanga General Munyori CPSU Central Committee. Zvisinei, kusvikira pakufa V. I. Lenina, akagara pamusoro pakachengeteka ichimirira neHurumende utungamiri, achipa nzira kukurumbira wake nevamwe vake, uyewo metivshim vatongi USSR. Zvisinei, pashure kusiya nyika proletariat upenyu womutungamiri munguva pfupi nguva Stalin yaipotsa vavengi vake chikuru, dzichivapomera pokutengesa nevatambi vechimurenga.

Pakazosvika mangwanani 1930s akava oga mutungamiri wavanhu nevanga chinyoreso kusarudza zvaitika mamiriyoni vagari. Mutemo waro pamusoro kumanikidzwa collectivization uye dispossession yakauya kutsiva NEP, uye vakawanda udzvanyiriri pamusoro vanhu vari vasingagutsikane hurumende pari, kwakauraya upenyu ezviuru vemo Soviet. Zvisinei, paitonga Stalin raMwari pachena kwete chete kutevera ropa, zvinokosha kuziva zvinhu zvakanaka utungamiriri hwake. Munguva pfupi nguva, Soviet Union rava nyika ine hupfumi wechitatu-simba iri maindasitiri simba, kuti ndiwane pakurwa Fascism.

Panopera Hondo Yenyika II, vakawanda guta kumadokero Soviet Union, akaparadza zvinenge pasi, akakurumidza akadzorerwa, uye maindasitiri avo akawanazve mamwe zvinobudirira. Machinda Soviet Union rakatora pamusoro pambiru pashure Iosifa Stalina, akaramba ake kutungamirira basa iri kukura ehurumende uye inozivikanwa kwake sezvo nguva kunamatwa unhu mutungamiri.

Hruschev Nikita Sergeevich (1894-1971)

Vachibva mhuri murimi mudiki, N. S. Hruschev akatanga achidzora webato nokukurumidza pashure Stalin afa, kwakaitika March 5, 1953 The makore rokutanga rokubata kwake ushe, akatungamirira hondo zvakavanzika G. M. Malenkovym, vakashumira sezvo sachigaro Council of Vashumiri uye chaizvoizvo musoro wehurumende.

Muna 1956, Khrushchev verenga kubva panguva Twentieth Party Congress Mushumo pamusoro Stalin kuti repressions, achishora nezviito mugadzi ake. ushe Nikita Khrushchev nguva aizivikanwa kukura chirongwa nzvimbo - kushanda rakagadzirwa nevanhu Satellite uye munhu wokutanga muchadenga kutiza. pokugara kwake itsva mutemo kwakagonesa vagari vakawanda kutama wakatetepa zvaiita dzokugara hwomutambarakede akazvimirira mupenyu. Dzimba, izvo dzakavakwa yakawanda panguva, kusvikira vanhu vari kunzi "Khrushchev".

Brezhnev Leonid Ilich (1907-1982)

October 14, 1964 N. S. Hruschev akabviswa boka rake nzvimbo Central Committee achitungamirirwa L. I. Brezhneva. Kokutanga munhoroondo mamiriro vatongi Soviet Union kuti haana zvakachinja pashure pokufa mutungamiri, uye somugumisiro intra-party kumukira. Brezhnev yaitonga munhoroondo Russia rinozivikanwa kuzara. The nyika yamira kukura kutamba vova masimba venyika kutungamirira shure kwavo sectors zvose, kunze zvechiuto uye maindasitiri.

Brezhnev akatora shoma kuedza kuvandudza ukama US, uori Cuban chombo dambudziko muna 1962, apo N. S. Hruschev akarayira kuisa zvombo musi Cuba zvenyukireya warheads. zvibvumirano vave akasaina pamwe American utungamiriri, izvo rinongotaura maoko nhangemutange. Zvisinei, zvose zvinoedza kuitwa L. I. Brezhneva kuti kuderedza zvinhu vayambuka nechisimba Afghanistan.

Andropov Yuriy Vladimirovich (1914-1984)

Pashure Brezhnev afa, kwakatevedzana November 10, 1982, akanga yakatsiviwa Yuri Andropov, uyo akatungamirira pamberi KGB - KGB of USSR. Akatora kosi pamusoro kuchinja uye kuchinja zveupfumi mabhora. Panguva yokutonga kwake kwakaratidza prosecutions kufumura uori muhurumende madenderedzwa. Zvisinei, Yuri haana kuita chero kuchinja upenyu mamiriro, nekuti yakange zvinetso zvakakomba zvoutano uye akafa musi February 9, 1984.

Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich (1911-1985)

On February 13, 1984 akabata pambiru Secretary General of Central Committee of CPSU. Akaramba mutemo baba vake kuti afumure uori ari echelons simba. Akanga achirwara kwazvo uye akafa 10 musi March 1985, pashure pokupedza soro pachena hofisi pfuurei gore. All yapfuura Vatongi Soviet kuitira, purogiramu ari mamiriro, vakavigwa pasi Kremlin parusvingo, uye K. U. Chernenko aiva wekupedzisira pachikwata.

Gorbachev Mihail Sergeevich (1931)

M. S. Gorbachev yakanakisisa kuzivikanwa Russian enyika ava kunopera rechimakumi maviri remakore. Akakunda rudo uye kukurumbira kuMadokero, asi vagari vomunyika yake, kwake ndiko zviviri manzwiro. Kana vokuEurope uye vokuAmerica iye akadana muvandudzi mukuru, vagari vazhinji vanoti Russian muparadzi Soviet Union. Gorbachev akazivisa nezvipfuwo zveupfumi uye enyika kuchinja, kwakaitika pasi sirogani kuti "Perestroika, Glasnost, Kurumidzai!", Izvo zvakaita kuti muhombe pokuperevedza kwezvokudya uye maindasitiri zvinhu, urovha uye yetsika mupenyu.

Vanoti yaitonga rokutonga M. S. Gorbacheva akanga chete zvakaipa noupenyu nyika yedu, zvingava zvakaipa. MuRussia, pfungwa imwe akawanda ezvinhu, rusununguko rwokunamata uye muchina. Panguva yake vatorwa mutemo Gorbachev akanga paakavapa Nobel Peace Prize. Machinda USSR uye Russia, kana asati pashure Mikhail Sergeyevich haana kugamuchira kukudzwa kwakadaro.