The Kremlin rusvingo. Ndiani akavigwa pedyo Kremlin norusvingo? Eternal Flame panguva Kremlin rusvingo

Chimwe chikuru zvinokwezva guru, maererano iyo Moscow vakaziva kunyange vatorwa - ichi Kremlin rusvingo. Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga yakanyorwa somunhu kuzvidzivirira rusvingo zvino anoshumira, asi munhu decoration nerevane chinhu mapurani Monument. Asi kunze uku, muzana remakore rapfuura Kremlin rusvingo ariwo yemakuva vakakurumbira vanhu munyika. necropolis Ndiyo kumakuva kupfuura kujairika munyika uye akava mumwe anokosha nhoroondo Monuments of guru uye nzvimbo kushanyira zviuru zvevashanyi.

History of Kremlin rusvingo

Modern Kutarira zvaida kusvikira mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi16. Rakavakwa Kremlin rusvingo kubva dzvuku chidhinha pamusoro nzvimbo ibwe jena yekare, uye chete kumabvazuva munzvimbo Kremlin akanga kuwedzerwa. It rakavakwa rokuItari ezvivako. Maumbirwe rusvingo Kremlin nhare akadzokorora chimiro uye aiva nechitarisiko ane mugari Triangle. Runosvika pamusoro maviri makiromita uye kukwirira kubva mashanu maviri mamita. The soro mokupera kubva Red Square. Top Kremlin rusvingo yakashongedzwa meno kuti yakaita imwe dovetail. Kune zvinopfuura chiuru, uye akapotsa vose rakamanikana slits. Rusvingo pachayo rakafara, anenge matanhatu metres, zvinonzi akaronga dzakawanda embrasures uye kuchinja. Kunze, zviri mvere, akagadzirwa zvokufonongonwa dzvuku nezvidhinha. shongwe siyana anopfuura 20 Makavakwa pamadziro. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - Muponesi, hwaakange Kremlin chime. Mukuwedzera ayo mapurani uye nhoroondo ukoshi, ratova Kremlin Wall kunokwezva vashanyi akasikawo okupedzisira necropolis remakore. Ndiye rudzi kumakuva, iyo yakava chiyeuchidzo.

Kuunza Kremlin necropolis

Chokutanga maviri uremu makuva pedyo Kremlin rusvingo akaonekwa November 1917. Vakanga iri Red Square pakati Nikol'skii uye Spassky Gate. Vakanga vakavigwa anenge 200 varwi zita avo vakaurayiwa panguva October Revolution. Mumakore gumi akatevera, vakawanda makuva anopfuura gumi akatevera kumadziro. Uye mazana matatu akavigwa navo Bolsheviks anozivikanwa mazita 110 chete. In rukudzo vavo kwave zita migwagwa zhinji dzaiungana muguta guru uye mamwe maguta. Kusvikira muna 1927 pamusoro Kremlin parusvingo, uye kunyange vakafa vakavigwa akafa zvoga vatungamiri chimurenga. Paivawo vakavigwa kuroorwa nomukurumbira vanhu nguva.

Ndiani akavigwa pedyo Kremlin rusvingo mumakore okutanga?

• guva rokutanga kuroorwa panguva Kremlin rusvingo ikoko muna 1919. It akavigwa Ya. M. Sverdlov.
• Mukutanga 20s inofananidza zhinji akakurumbira bato uye hurumende vakavigwa nomumwe makuva: M. V. Frunze, F. E. Dzerzhinsky, M. V. kuKalinin nevamwe.
• Mumakore okutanga Kremlin Wall Necropolis akavigwa sezvo dzimwe vaKomonisiti. Pano vakavigwa Dzhon Ubvisei, Clara Zetkin, Inessa Armand uye Sam Katayama.
• Kubvira 1924, muzinda vakava necropolis of Kremlin Mausoleum umo vateye muviri V. I. Lenina. Iyi nzvimbo aizova chikuva kuti akakurumbira voruzhinji.

Kuvigwa 30-80-ies

Pashure 1927 kwakasarudzwa kuti kuvigwa pedyo Kremlin rusvingo chete vakakurumbira nhengo dzebato uye hurumende, uyewo masayendisiti zvikuru. Pamapatya kuvigwa akamira, asi vasati 1985 ari necropolis vakaviga vanhu vakawanda vakakurumbira.

• nhengo dzebato uye hurumende: Budyonny, Suslov, Brezhnev, Andropov uye Chernenko;
• mangwanani 60-ies of Lenin Mausoleum akatakura uye akavigwa pedyo Kremlin parusvingo muviri I. V. Stalina;
• Vose vakafira pachinzvimbo chevatatu Marshal Zhukov Somuenzaniso;
• hunoshamisa vezvikepe Somuenzaniso, Chkalov, cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin nevamwe vazhinji;
• Karpinski anozivikanwa masayendisiti, Kurchatov uye Korolev;
• necropolis Visitors kuziva uyo akavigwa rusvingo Kremleskoy achiri kuona mazita mai Lenin vake, mukadzi wake N. K. Krupskoy, munyori Bamba Gorky, Lunacharsky commissar of Education, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Sei vakavigwa necropolis?

Kusvikira 80s vokutanga raishandiswa Kuvigwa nomukurumbira vanhu Kremlin rusvingo. Kuvigwa parutivi varo vaiva nezvezvikwata zviviri:

1. To kurudyi mausoleum pedyo Kremlin rusvingo dziri makuva akakurumbira chaizvo inofananidza bato uye hurumende. Vari yakashongedzwa sculptural Portraits - busts yakakurumbira muvezi Merkurov, Tomsk, uye dzimwe Rukavishnikova. Munhu wokupedzisira akavigwa pedyo Kremlin rusvingo, akanga K. U. Chernenko, akavigwa ikoko muna 1985.
2. Vazhinji vevaya akavigwa necropolis ose cremated. Urns pamwe madota dzavo imbedded muna Kremlin parusvingo kumativi maviri weSeneti shongwe. mazita avo uye mazuva oupenyu pamabwendefa chirangaridzo Slabs. In yose, rusvingo nhema dzasara 114 zvikuru vanhu - masayendisiti, mauto, vezvematongerwo enyika uye muchadenga kunoongorora. Wokupedzisira akavigwa nenzira yakadaro D. F. Ustinov.

Chiizve kuzivikanwa Kremlin norusvingo?

Kuvigwa, kukwezva vashanyi vasiri chete Red Square. The Kremlin Wall Necropolis anopinda chirangaridzo "Tomb of Unknown Musoja", iri Alexander Garden. It akasikwa muna 1967 vachikudza wa25 gore kusunungurwa Moscow. Madota asingazivikanwi musoja pamusoro pfuti nenhumbi sechikamu nomudungwe wemariro akatorwa kubva Zelenograd. The ano ezita chokurangaridza haina kutorwa pakarepo. guva Musoja paakagadzwa tombstone ane sezvamunoita yakagadzirwa kukandira endarira. Musi mipendero mureza hondo murwi ngowani uye welaurel bazi. Eternal Flame panguva Kremlin rusvingo anotsigira murwiyo. Gare gare, izvozvo rakawedzerwa kuti mukoto pamwe porphyry dzakabatana, izvo zvinochengeterwa pasi penyika gumi maguta-magamba, uye muna 2010 pakanga chirangaridzo girenayiti 10-mita Dombo rekare rakanyorwa nezvokukunda. Rinotaurawo inomirira kuyeuka gamba maguta. Chinokosha yose murwiyo pachayo rusvingo chirangaridzo Kremlin. Photos of nzvimbo inozivikanwa kwete chete kuRussia asiwo kwose.

The nhoroondo necropolis

Kweanenge makore zana, pane mhando kumakuva. chiso chake chikashandukira kakawanda, uye ari 50s iye kunyange aida kuvhara uye kutama guruva zororo pane imwe nzvimbo. Takaronga kuita kuti pave chaiwo pantheon, asi nokukurumidza basa yakavharwa. On njodzi necropolis haasi kuitika zvikuru munyika wairatidza enyika zviitiko. Kunyange mitemo vari kunyadziswa, kwete kunoviga rusvingo, asi boka raivapo kuvigwa haisi zvachose. Kubvira muna 1974, necropolis kwakaitwa nhamba paruzhinji pazvivako, uye akanga akadzivirirwa neHurumende. A chikamu chacho - Tomb of Unknown Soldier - rava kupfuura mukurumbira wemapoka vashanyi uye kwevatariri dzimwe vezvematongerwo. Kwemakore akawanda vachitaura pamusoro kubviswa pakati necropolis uye kuchinjwa madota akavigwa ikoko pamusoro zvavo kumakuva. Izvi imhaka kwete zvechitendero chete, asiwo enyika zvinhu. Asi maererano ano mitemo Russian, inoda kuwana mvumo hama, izvo kazhinji kacho hazvibviri. Saka zvino necropolis akava mapurani uye nhoroondo Monument. vashanyi vakawanda vanowanzoda kushanyira Kremlin rusvingo.

zvichireva necropolis

Kubva pamakore okutanga ayo pakagadzwa, zvazova nzvimbo kwezvawakapikira varwi pamberi Mausoleum vaipemberera. Panguva dzemazororo, rinda Unknown Soldier rakatumira nezvishongo. Uye mumakore achangopfuura, zvinokosha pamusoro murindi zvechigarire kukudzwa nemauto ari President chemazana chehondo. Iyi nzvimbo iri ashanyirwa nenhume vatorwa uye vashanyi kwete chete panguva dzemazororo, asiwo zvavo mazuva. Havasi vose anoziva akavigwa pedyo Kremlin rusvingo, asi kuti chirangaridzo yakadaro iripo, anozivikanwa kwete chete kuRussia asiwo kwose. necropolis Iri raiva rimwe zvikuru nevanhu zvinokwezva Moscow.