Nguva Soviet: makore enhau. Photo yeSoviet nguva

nguva Soviet sokutevedzana anofukidza nguva kubva kuuya simba Bolsheviks muna 1917 uye pamberi Soviet Union yakaparara muna 1991. Mumakumi emakore izvi hurumende akasimbisa mugovanisi maitiro uye panguva imwe chete kuedza yakaitwa kutevedzera chiKomonizimu. In yemarudzi munhandare Soviet Union inotungamirirwa yeGutsaruzhinji bloc nyika uyewo akazvipira ivakwe communism.

makore rokutanga simba yeSoviet

The kuuya nesimba Bolsheviks uye haizopereri yakakura nokuputsika evanhu, ezvoupfumi, ezvematongerwe enyika uye dzetsika munzanga zvachose chiso yaimbova Russian Empire. Vanonzi udzvinyiriri pakati proletariat kwakakonzera Kudzora zvachose rimwe chete bato, vane sarudzo hadzina akapikisa.

The nyika yave nationalized uye kugadzirwa hombe chaiyo hakubvumidzwi. Zvisinei, munguva Soviet chakaitirwa muma1920 New Economic Policy (NEP), iyo pave mumwe kumutsidzirwa wezvokutengeserana uye kugadzirwa. Photo of Soviet nguva 1920 - rakanakisisa rine kuti nhoroondo nguva pasi review, sezvo akaratidza kuchinja zvakaitika munyika kubva kuparadzwa reRussia Empire. Zvisinei, iyi haana kugara kwenguva refu, pakazopera makore gumi yebato akaisa ayo rainzwika pamusoro centralization hupfumi bhora.

Pakutanga ivepo, hurumende anoteerera huru dzidziso. Party zvirongwa zvedzidzo zvainanga nokuumbwa munhu mutsva mu yaitonga Soviet Union. The nguva kusvika 1930, Zvisinei, anogona kunzi kuva zvinopfuura, sezvinonzi muvanhu ichiri anoramba vamwe rusununguko Somuenzaniso, akabvumira gakava pamusoro nesayenzi, unyanzvi, mabhuku.

Nguva Stalinism

Sezvo 1930 nyika pakupedzisira yakasimbiswa utongi hwechiKomonisiti. Kapoka unhu, Mhedziso kutonga pakati Communist Party, collectivization uye maindasitiri, mugovanisi dzematongerwe - kuti zvinokosha kutanga yaitonga. Mune zvematongerwo bhora akasimbisa ushe sepasi Stalin, aiva nesimba mubvunzo, uye zvisarudzo havasi pasi hurukuro kana kunyange kupfuura mubvunzo.

The upfumi uyewo hwachinja, kuti vakava iconic panguva yaitonga Soviet Union. Makore kwemaindasitiri uye collectivization kwakakonzera kuti zvakasikwa USSR hombe maindasitiri kugadzira, kufambira kukura iyo zvikuru kwakaguma kukunda hondo Patriotic Great uye akauya munyika kuti chinzvimbo mikuru masimba enyika. Photo of Soviet Nguva 1930s vanoratidza mberi pakusikwa rinorema maindasitiri munyika. Asi panguva imwe chete zvokurima, musha, musha akanga simba uye vanoda chakakomba zvinhu.

The Soviet Union mumakore 1950-1960

Pashure porufu Stalin muna 1953 vakava pachena kudiwa kwokuchinja munyaya vose munzanga. Soviet nguva iri gumi akava sayenzi nhoroondo inonzi "nyungudika". Panguva XX Party Congress paakabviswa pachigaro muna February 1956, Stalin unhu chitendero, uye ichi chaiva chiratidzo nokuda zvakakomba kuchinja.

zvakadzama kunaya vakaurayiwa mumakore akaoma udzvanyiriri akanga akatakurwa kunze. The simba akaenda kwakaderera mune zvoupfumi utariri. Saka, muna 1957, akanga aparadza Ministry of Industry uye pachinzvimbo akasika miganhu dhipatimendi kugadzirwa kuzvidzora. Takatanga kushingaira kushanda makanzuru National zvoupfumi uye dare rehurumende Industrial Management. Zvisinei, kuchinja ndapa renguva pfupi uye ipapo chete nokuwedzera administrative kuvhiringidzika.

Mune zvokurima, hurumende akatora nhevedzano matanho kuvandudza ayo waivako (chikwereti nyora-kure mumapurazi, avo mari, kuvandudzwa mhandara nyika). Panguva iyoyowo MTS liquidation musoro zviyo zvirimwa, akawedzera mumapurazi aiva inokanganisa kukura musha. Soviet nguva 1950 - yokutanga yezana 1960 aiva nguva kuvandudza upenyu vanhu Soviet, asi panguva imwe chete yakaratidza wandei matambudziko matsva.

USSR mumakore 1970-1980

Li Board Brezhnev aizivikanwa zvinhu zvitsva mune zvokurima uye maindasitiri sectors. Power akadzokera kuhofisi musimboti management makambani, zvisinei, akaita mamwe kuchinja pakuburitswa kwacho. Makambani zvaiendeswa mari ndizvidavirire kuyera nemari yavo basa zvino kuitwa kwete chakakomba, uye dzimwe rokutengesa. chiyero ichi chaiva kuwedzera kufarirwa yakananga vaburitsi kuwedzera kugadzirwa.

Senzira private purofiti nheyo vakasikwa zvoupfumi incentives. Uyezve, zvinhu zviri Wholesale dzaishandiswa vakanga hwakatangwa. Zvisinei, zvinhu izvi hazvina kukanganisa nheyo upfumi Soviet Union wacho uye saka akapa chete kwekanguva kushanda. The nyika ichiriko nokuda zvikuru kukura uye lagged shure mune zvesayenzi uye michina mashoko, dzakabudirira kuWestern Europe uye United States.

Hurumende iri nguva 1980-1990

Mumakore perestroika chakakomba kuedza kuvandudza upfumi Soviet Union yakanga ashandiswe. Muna 1985, hurumende kosi kuti mhanyisa kubudirira mune zvoupfumi. Kusimbisa pakuiswa haana kwesayenzi uye hwokugadzira kuvandudzika yacho kugadzirwa. Chinangwa kuchinja kwaiva kuwana upfumi nyika-kirasi. Pokutanga - kukura zvezvipfuwo engineering, apo mukuru inivhesitimendi hoyerera. Zvisinei, kuedza kuvandudza upfumi murayiro uye okutarisira nezviyero kwakakundikana.

Rakanga rwaiitwa dzinotevedzana enyika zvinhu, kunyanya, zviremera yaipotsa zvinorayirwa webato, akatanga maviri weDanho hurongwa zvemitemo simba munyika. The Supreme Council kwakaramba kutoitwa paramende, zvakanga akabvumirwa purezidhendi Soviet Union, vakazivisa democratic norusununguko. Zvadaro, hurumende sezvaari musimboti pachena, kureva. E. The kubudirana pachena uye Accessibility mashoko. Zvisinei, kuedza kuvandudza isingachinji administrative-murayiro hurongwa dzakaguma kukundikana uye zvakaita kuti vakawanda dambudziko munyika, yakanga mhaka kuparara Soviet Union.

The Soviet nguva Russian uye nyika nhoroondo

Between 1917-1991 Makore - rose munguva, kwete chete nokuda Russia asi yose nyika. nyika yedu kwave kuchiita yakadzama nechinzwano zvokunze ukapisa murwi, uye kunyange zvava rimwe vaitungamirira masimba yaitonga Soviet Union. Nhoroondo emakore izvi kukanganiswa enyika kuti kwete chete muna Europe, kwaiva mugovanisi musasa vachitungamirirwa Soviet Union, asiwo zviitiko munyika yose. Hazvishamisi kuti Soviet-munguva Fani vafarire zvose mumhuri uye dzimwe nevaongorori.