Murairo Faraday rokutanga uye rechipiri

The electrolyte nguva dzose ane zvimwe mari ions nezviratidzo "pamwe" uye "kubvisa", yakagadzirwa kuita kuti mamorekuru ose ichiputswa zvinhu pamwe solvent. Pazvinoitika mu wemagetsi mumunda, ions vanotanga itamire electrodes, zvakanaka nenhokwe kurutivi cathode, kunaka - kuti anode. Mushure asvika electrodes, ivo ions avape mhosva dzavo dzikwanise kwazvakarerekera maatomu uye iiswe pamusoro electrodes. The nani ions kuna electrodes kunonyanya achapiwa kumbosiyiwa nokuda zvinhu.

Ndiyo mhedziso tinogona uye empirically. Kupfuura munhu kuitika kuburikidza aqueous mhinduro yemhangura sulfate achacherekedza kusunungurwa yemhangura kabhoni cathode. Tinoona kuti kutanga yakafukidzwa marongera hwemhangura haawanzotauri kuoneka, ipapo sezvo magetsi bandwidth zvichawedzera nayo, uye ndima kwenguva yakareba ano anowanikwa pakaunda kabhoni electrode zvikuru ukobvu rukoko hwemhangura, riri nyore solder Somuenzaniso, mhangura waya.

Chiitiko woga zvinhu pamusoro electrodes apo ano kupfuura nomunyika electrolyte inonzi electrolysis.

Vagura siyana siyana electrolysis dzenzvimbo uye kunyatsoongorora kuyera uremu ane fuma akabudiswa panguva electrodes pakati nerimwe electrolyte, Chirungu yefizikisi Faraday muna 1833 - 1834 makore. I wakazarura mbiri Mutemo kuti electrolysis.

mutemo wokutanga Faraday unoratidza ukama pakati mukanyiwa imwe pfuma vasunungurwa electrolysis nokuchengeta mutengo kuti wakapfuurira electrolyte.

mutemo uyu zvaitwa nemutoo sezvinotevera: guru rimwe fuma wakanga dzinounzwa munguva electrolysis, musi mumwe electrode ndiyo Proportional kuti uwandu muripo iyo vakayambuka electrolyte zvakananga:

mamita = kq,

apo M - guru zvinhu izvo oga, Q - muripo.

The ukoshi k - elektrohimicheskimy noenderana fuma. Zviri kwese nefuma nerimwe akabudiswa munguva electrolyte.

Kana iwe utore nzira q = 1 pendant, ipapo k = m, kureva electrochemical nerokuti nefuma kuti dziwande akaenzana uremu yamarudzi vakasarudzwa kubva electrolyte nokuisa mhosva imwe pendant.

Kuratidza mu fomura nomukombiyuta nokuchengeta ano I uye nguva t, tinowana:

M = Kit.

Murairo Faraday rokutanga zvazvakaipira chiitiko sezvinotevera. Kupfuura munhu kuitika kuburikidza electrolytes A, B uye C. Kana vari fanana, ipapo vakawanda vari kusarudzwa fuma iri A, B uye C achava kubatwa sezvakaita dzenzvimbo I, I1, I2. Kuwanda zvinhu vakasarudzwa muna A, akaenzana kuwanda mavhoriyamu dzinounzwa kuna B uye C, sezvo ano I = I1 + I2.

mutemo wechipiri Faraday unoratidza kuti nedoro pamusoro electrochemical nerokuti mabhomba uremu uye Valence nefuma uye akagadzira sezvinotevera: electrochemical nerokuti nefuma achava Proportional wavo mabhomba uremu, uye inversely Proportional wayo valency.

Nhamba maatomu kurema fuma kwayo Valence inonzi namakemikari noenderana fuma. Kupinda kukosha ichi, mutemo wechipiri Faraday anogona akagadzira zvakasiyana zvinoti: electrochemical nerokuti nefuma vari Proportional kwavo namakemikari neShanduro.

Regai Electrochemical neShanduro dzakasiyana zvinhu zviri azvaitwa k1 uye k2, k3, ..., kn, kemikari chete neShanduro zvakafanana zvinhu x1 uye x2, x23, ..., xn, ipapo k1 / k2 = x1 / x2, kana k1 / x1 = k2 / x2 = k3 / x3 = ... = kn / xn.

Nemamwe mashoko, nhamba yacho electrochemical nerokuti pafuma kuti chitsama zvakafanana fuma iri dzose nokuda zvinhu zvose muchiva ukoshi:

K / x = c.

Zvinoreva kuti nhamba, k / X iri kugara vose nezvinhu:

K / x = b = 0, 01036 (meq) / k.

The ukoshi rinoratidza kuti vangani milligram neShanduro zvinhu pamusoro electrodes ukasunungurwa panguva ndima kubudikidza electrolyte pamusoro yemagetsi muripo, akaenzana 1 coulomb. Mutemo wechipiri Faraday anomiririrwa fomura:

K = CX.

Dzinomiririra ichi okuti, k pamurayiro Faraday rokutanga, vaviri dzinogona kubatanidzwa kuva chete okuti:

M = kq = cxq = cxIt,

apo munenge - nokudenga kuramba kuti 0 00001036 (eq) / k.

mutoo uyu zvinoratidza kuti nokuisa chete uno kuti imwe nguva muna mbiri dzakasiyana electrolyte, isu kuparadzanisa kubva zvose kwazvo zvinhu electrolytes chokuita sezvo namakemikari neShanduro dzaro.

Sezvo x = A / N, ipapo tinogona kunyora:

M = CA / nIt,

i.e., mukanyiwa ane fuma yasarudzwa pamusoro electrodes panguva electrolysis kuti Proportional zvakananga kwayo mabhomba uremu, ano, nguva, uye inversely Proportional kuti valency.

Murairo Faraday chechipiri electrolysis, uyewo wokutanga, kunotevera zvakananga kubva yezvakaita Ion kuitika mune mhinduro.

mutemo Faraday vake, Lenz, uyewo dzimwe vakakurumbira yefizikisi vairidza chihombe basa munhoroondo uye kukura wefizikisi.