Life uye Works of Prokofiev

Man Fani inopenya tsvuku majombo, checker, red-Orange chisungo, akatakura simba anokonzera - saka akarondedzera Prokofiev Sviatoslav Richter, mukuru Russian Pianist. Tsanangudzo iyi asingagoni nani unoenderana unhu munyori uye mumhanzi wake. Okugadzira zvinhu Prokofiev - ipfuma yemashoko mumhanzi uye yedu yenyika netsika, asi upenyu wenziyo iri kwete zvishoma zvinonakidza. Enda West pakutanga pokuchinja ndokugarapo kwemakore 15, munyori akava mumwe "rakadzoka" mashoma, kuti zvakazomufambira ake pachake dambudziko zvakadzama.

Sergeya Prokofeva okugadzira zvinhu hazvibviri muchidimbu: akanyora zvakawanda mimhanzi, aishanda Genres akasiyana zvachose, kubvira diki piyano zvidimbu uye kupedza nziyo mafirimu. Irrepressible simba inongogara vachiuya kuti kuedza siyana, uye kunyange cantata achikudza Stalin, chinokushamisa yayo chinopenya kwazvo mumhanzi. Ndechokuti konzati kuti bassoon uye chikwata pamusoro pevairwara haana Prokofiev. Biography uye basa iri Russian munyori mukuru ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Childhood uye vokutanga matanho mumhanzi

Sergei Prokofiev akaberekwa muna 1891 mumusha Sontsovka Ekaterinoslav province. Kubva achiri muduku, tinorondedzera vaviri mamiriro ayo, ane zvikuru akazvimirira hunhu uye risingadzivisiki nehavi mumhanzi. Pazera shanu akanga akatotanga kunyora duku shoma zvidimbu kuti piyano, 11 vakanyora ichi chevana dhanzi "The Giant", akaronga ruoko musha theatre manheru. Zvadaro muna Sontsovka akanga asunungurwa muduku, panguva iyoyo vachiri kuzivikanwa munyori Reinhold Glier kudzidzisa mukomana kwokutanga unyanzvi, uye compositional unyanzvi kuti kuridza piyano. Glier aiva mudzidzisi wakanaka, pasi atitungamirire, Prokofiev akazadza folders wandei pamwe nziyo dzavo itsva. Muna 1903, pamwe ichi upfumi zvose, akaenda kupinda St. Petersburg Conservatory. Rimsky-Korsakov akaororwa nokushingaira kwakadaro uye pakarepo anosarudzwa naye mukirasi yake.

Makore kurovedzwa St. Petersburg Conservatory

In Prokofiev Conservatory achidzidza sezvamunoita uye kuwirirana panguva Rimsky-Korsakova I U Liadov, uye kuridza piyano - pa Esipova. Yainakidza, kuongorora, unopinza, kunyange caustic rurimi, inova kwete chete yakawanda neshamwari, asiwo vavengi. Panguva ino anotanga kutungamirira yakakurumbira dhayari yake, iyo ichaguma chete pamwe Kutama muna USSR anonyatsoronga kunyora anenge mazuva ose oupenyu hwake. Prokofiev aifarira zvose, asi kupfuura zvose akatora wechesi. Aigona kumira kwemaawa Tournaments, takatarisa mutambo vatenzi, uye akaita kubudirira mune ichi munzvimbo inokosha mberi pane kusimba unozvikudza.

Piyano mabasa Prokofiev akanga vaisanganisa panguva Yokutanga neYechipiri Sonata uye wokutanga konzati kuti piyano uye chikwata chevaimbi. munyori wacho manyorerwo akanga kurondedzerwa pakarepo - patsva, hachizi itsva, vakashinga uye ushingiwo. Aifunga kuti vasina vamutangira kana vatsivi. Kutaura zvazviri, zviri zvechokwadi handizvo. Topics okugadzira zvinhu Prokofiev rakabuda pfupi asi chakaorera pave Russian music, zvine musoro kuramba gwara zvakatangwa Mussorgsky, Dargomyzhsky uye Borodin. Asi, refracted mune simba pfungwa, Sergei Sergeyevich, vakapa pave nevamwe mutauro mimhanzi.

Wefodya ari quintessence yeRussian, kunyange muSitia mweya, Prokofiev rokusika chiito pamusoro vateereri chakafanana chando nemvura, zvichikonzera dzemakwiringwindi rinofadza kana ukozoro nekusiyana. Iye chaizvoizvo akaputsa vakapinda mumhanzi nyika - St. Petersburg Conservatory, akapedza kudzidza ari Pianist uye munyori, kuridza wokupedzisira kuongororwa ake Piano Concerto First. The Commission, mukutarisana Rimsky-Korsakov, Liadov nemamwe kwakatyisa nokukonzera, dissonant chords or the uye vachizvirova panzvimbo, simba, kunyange ufuza zvamarudzi nokutamba. Zvisinei, havana kukwanisa kunzwisisa kuti vanotarisana kutanga simba mimhanzi. Kunyatsoongorora High Commission aiva shanu vatatu zvakanakira.

The kekutanga Europe

Somubayiro anobudirira okuguma Conservatory Sergey anogamuchira kubva rwendo baba London vake. Pano akasvika pedyo pedyo kuziva Diaghilev, uyo pakarepo akaongorora pane jaya munyori tarenda zvinoshamisa. Zvinobatsira Prokofiev kuronga Tours muRoma uye Naples, uye anopa murayiro kunyora kutamba. Saka akaberekwa "ala uye Lollius". Zano Diaghilev vakaramba nemhaka "banality" uye akapa zano inotevera nguva kunyora chinhu pamusoro Russian dingindira. Prokofiev akatanga basa iri kutamba "The zvakaedza ari jester, jesters nomwe pereshutivshego" uye panguva iyoyo akatanga kuedza rwake panguva yokunyora dhanzi. Canvas of yokufungidzira akasarudzwa kuti pabindu Dostoevsky "The Kubheja", mumwe youduku kufarira munyori.

Usarerutsa Prokofiev uye chaanodisisa chiridzwa. Muna 1915, akatanga kunyora piyano zvidimbu kutenderera "kupera", kuvhura lyrical chipo, izvo kwokutanga mu "wenziyo-footballer" havana kuziva munhu. Lyrics Prokofiev - rinokosha dingindira. Kusimba dzinopisa tsitsi uye munyoro, akapfeka yakajeka, zvakanaka vakafunga-matetetete magadzirirwo, zviri chokutanga captivates zvose wayo nyore. Okugadzira zvinhu Prokofiev akaratidza kuti iye munhu mukuru melodist uye kwete muparadzi tsika.

Mhiri kwemakungwa nguva Sergei Prokofiev upenyu

Kutaura zvazviri, mubvakure Prokofiev haana. Muna 1918, akatendeukira kuna Lunacharsky, panguva iyoyo vanhu commissar of Education, tichikumbira mvumo kuenda kunze kwenyika. Akapiwa pasipoti uye kutsigira magwaro asina yapfuura, umo chinangwa rwacho akanga asarudzirwa pakagadzwa nemagariro ukama uye utano kunatsiridza. mai munyori wacho kare kuRussia, Sergei Sergeyevich akapa zvakawanda hanya chero haana kukonzera kuti Europe.

Pakutanga, Prokofiev akaenda America. Mishomanana kuuya sezvo dzimwe Russian Pianist uye munyori mukuru - Sergei Rachmaninoff. Kukwikwidzana naye vaiva Prokofiev inonyanyoshandiswa basa pakutanga. Rachmaninoff pakarepo akazivikanwa kwazvo America, uye Prokofiev achishingaira vachengeta ake kubudirira ose. ukama zvayo wechikuru wandaiziva yakanga yakasanganiswa chaizvo. The diaries ari munyori nguva kwakapararira zita ino Sergei Vasilievich. Achicherechedza ake incredible pianism uye tichikoshesa unhu vaimbi, Prokofiev akanzwa kuti Rachmaninoff kunyanyofunga kufarirwa kutongoravira ruzhinji uye vashoma akanyora nziyo yake. Sergey akaitira anopfuura makore makumi maviri hwake kunze Russia akanyora zvishomanana. Kekutanga pashure pokutapwa, akanga ari mwoyo zvikuru uye kwenguva refu, chirwere rikwanise zvomunguva yakapfuura. Sergeya Prokofeva okugadzira zvinhu sezvo sokuti, haana kutendera kubva kushayikwa kutaurirana pamwechete Motherland. Zvakanga zvakafanana shasha.

Life uye Works of Prokofiev muna America uye Europe

Parwendo kuEurope, Prokofiev zvakare vanosangana pamwe Diaghilev, anokumbira kuti rework kurira "The Jester". Inoshandiswa pakutsigira zviri kutamba ichi kuna wenziyo wokutanga kubudirira shamisa kunze. Izvi zvakateverwa yakakurumbira dhanzi "The Kuda Vatatu Oranges", waiva kutevedzana chete kutamba encores sezvo C-unopinza-zviduku kunotungamirira Rachmaninoff. nguva ino, Prokofiev kukunda America - kuratidzwa kwe dhanzi "The Kuda Oranges Three" yakaitwa Chicago. Vose mabasa aya vane zvakawanda zvakafanana. Setsa, dzimwe nguva kunyange satirical - sezvo, somuenzaniso, mu "Rudo", apo Prokofiev akaisa Zvinoshamisa kugomera kudanana sezvo isina kusimba uye ndonda vatambi - ivo they gush yemanyorero Prokofiev simba.

Muna 1923 munyori kugara Paris. Pano asangana wakanaka muduku muimbi Linoy Kodinoy (Danho zita Lina Lubero), uyo gare gare aizova mudzimai wake. Vakadzidza, yakanatswa, hunoshamisa runako, kuti Spaniard pakarepo Akakwezva nevamwe. ukama hwake Sergei kumhuka hakusi mvere chaizvo. Kwenguva refu nguva haana kuda kuti vadzvinyirire ukama hwavo, tichifunga kuti the artist inofanira kuva akasununguka chero mitoro. Vakaroorana chete apo Lina aiva nepamuviri. Zvakanga zvachose kwakajeka nemudzimai Lina asina kutomboderera kuna Prokofiev - kana hunhu rusununguko, hapana vavariro. Pakati pavo, kazhinji kupopotedzana, zvichiteverwa nyoro kuyananiswa. On pakutsaurira uye nemwoyo manzwiro Lina runoratidzwa ndechokuti hazvina chete achiteverwa Sergey mu mumwewo kuti nyika yake, asi vo pasi kunwa mukombe weSoviet mujeri hurongwa, akanga akatendeka munyori kusvikira parufu rwake, kuramba mukadzi wake uye achitarisira nhaka yake.

Sergeya Prokofeva okugadzira zvinhu apo vakasangana zvinokosha kutsvetera ari kudanana divi. Kubva peni yake yakauya dhanzi "The Fiery Angel" by Bryusov kuti yokufungidzira. A chakasuruvara Ages hunhu hwakatamisirwa mumhanzi tichibatsirwa murima, Wagnerian harmonies. Chaiva chiitiko chitsva kunyora, uye iye achifara aishanda pamunda ichi. Senguva dzose, akazviita zvakakwana. Music dhanzi zvinhu yakazoshandiswa muna Third Symphony, kumwe kunoratidza kuda kudanana mabasa, zvisina basa rakawanda hunosanganisira Prokofiev munyori.

mhepo mutorwa munyika

Zvinokonzera munyori wacho adzokera kuna Soviet Union aiva mashoma. The upenyu nebasa Sergeya Prokofeva nemidzi zvakanga zvakabatana kuRussia. Pashure nokunogara kunze kwenyika kwemakore 10, akatanga kunzwa kuti mhepo nyika ine inokanganisa ezvinhu ake. Aigara yakambotora shamwari yake, munyori N. Ya. Myaskovskim akasara Russia, razuznavaya mamiriro ezvinhu kumba. Chokwadi, hurumende yeSoviet vakaita zvose zvinobvira kudzokera Prokofiev. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kusimbisa munyika mukurumbira. Kwaari nguva dzose atumire chinangwa vashandi nemagariro ari pendi tsanangura sei ramangwana rakajeka kumutarisira kumba.

Muna 1927 Prokofiev akaita rwendo rokutanga kusvika Soviet Union. Vakabvuma izvozvo nechido. MuEurope, pasinei nokubudirira mabasa ake, kunzwisisa zvakakodzera uye tsitsi asingagoni kuwana. Kurwisana ne Rachmaninoff uye Stravinsky hakusi akasarudza vachida Prokofiev, kuti nezvironda zvetsono kuzvikudza achimuitira zvakaipa. MuRussia, akanga achitarisira kuwana zvaakanga asina - kunzwisisa mimhanzi yake vechokwadi. Noushamwari kunoitwa munyori mukufamba ake mumakore 1927 uye 1929, akaita kuti tinyatsofungisisa kwokupedzisira kudzoka. Kunyanya shamwari Russia mutsamba achifara akaudza sei zvinoshamisa zvichaitwa akararama munyika yevakuru. Chete haana kuzeza unyevere Prokofiev kudzoka, akanga Myaskovsky. The kuitika 30s remakore rechi20 yakanga Wakatotanga kuungana pamusoro pemisoro yavo, uye aiziva kuti aigona kumirira munyori chaizvoizvo. Zvisinei, muna 1934, Prokofiev akatora chisarudzo chokupedzisira kudzoka kunyika Union.

Homecoming

Prokofiev vachinzwisisa mukomiyunisiti pfungwa dzakawandisa nokutendeseka, kuvaona zvikurukuru chido kuvaka itsva, isina vanhu. Akateterera mweya wakanyatsojeka uye Anti Bourgeois, uyo akanyatsoongorora vaitsigira hurumende yechiKomonisiti. Hazvina kunaka kuti vanhu vakawanda Soviet vaiita pfungwa idzi, zvakare, zvikuru zvakajeka. Kunyange zvazvo chokwadi kuti dhayari Prokofiev kuti, zvaakanga nenguva akatungamirira mumakore ose apfuura rapfuura, kwatanga kure chete pakaberekwa kuRussia, inoita here, ko Prokofiev chaizvoizvo akanga asiri kuziva kukwanisa zviremera kudzivirira nokuchengeteka USSR. Nechokunze, yakanga rakawanikwa hurumende yeSoviet uye akavimbika kwaari, kunyange zvazvo zvose zvakanaka kunzwisiswa.

Zvisinei, ari chizvarwa mhepo yakanga simba pamusoro basa Prokofiev unobereka kwazvo. Maererano munyori pachake, akatsvaka nekukurumidza kubatana mubasa nyaya Soviet. Kunyatsoziva mukuru Sergeem Eyzenshteynom, iye achifara anotora basa iri mumhanzi kuti firimu "Alexander Nevsky". The acho zvakanga andinenge, zvino rinoitwa mu Concerts somunhu cantata. In ichi azere dzokutsigira nyika nokukurumidza basa munyori akaratidza rudo rwake uye kuzvikudza kune vanhu vake.

Muna 1935, Prokofiev akapedza mumwe yakanakisisa mabasa ake - the kutamba "Romeo uye Juliet". Zvisinei, vateereri akamuona nokukurumidza. Kusenza akaramba kutamba nokuti nekuguma hunofadza, riri Hakupindirani yepakutanga Shakespeare, uye vachitamba uye choreographers vakanyunyuta kuti mumhanzi haasi akakodzera kutamba. New mapurasitiki psychologization kufamba, izvo akabvunza mutauro mimhanzi ari kutamba, havana pakarepo kunzwisisa. Wokutanga waivako kwakaitika muCzechoslovakia muna 1938, muna USSR, vateereri akaona muna 1940 iye apo Starring Galina Ulanova uye Konstantin Sergeyev. Vakakwanisa kuwana kiyi kunzwisisa mutauro pachikuva kufamba kurira Prokofiev uye nokukudza kutamba ichi. Achiri kuonekwa zvakanakisisa muiti Ulanova sezvo Juliet.

"Vana" zvakasikwa Prokofiev

Muna 1935 Sergey pamwe nemhuri yake yokutanga akashanyira Vana Musical Theater vachitungamirirwa N. Sats. Prokofiev yakatorwa ne chiito pachikuva haidereri pane vanakomana vake. Akanga saka akafuridzirwa pfungwa kushanda chete Genre kuti nokukurumidza akanyora chiridzwa rungano "Petro Wolf." Pane Zvakaitwa kutamba nevakomana vane mukana tinyatsoziva manzwi zviridzwa zvakasiyana. Prokofiev kuti okugadzira zvinhu vana kunosanganisirawo rwiyo "vanotaura" riri nhetembo Agnes Barto uye Suite "moto Winter." Munyori aida vana zvikuru uye nomufaro vakanyora mumhanzi vateereri.

End of 1930s: inosuruvarisa yemisoro nemabasa munyori

At pakuguma 30s of rechi20 remakore mimhanzi okugadzira zvinhu Prokofiev akanga yakazara mwoyo intonations. Ndiro vanamwari vatatu vatatu wake piyano sonatas, inonzi "uto" - The wechitanhatu, wechinomwe uye wechisere. Vakanga vapedza panguva dzakasiyana: Six Sonatas - muna 1940, wechinomwe - muna 1942, wechisere - muna 1944, asi basa iri zvose izvi mabasa munyori yakatanga munenge imwe nguva - muna 1938. Hazvizivikanwi kuti sonatas izvi zvakawanda - muna 1941 kana 1937. Sharp mutinhimira, dissonant harmonies, pamariro chime chaizvoizvo zvikuru nemabasa aya. Asi panguva imwe chete, ivo akaratidza zvakajeka zvikuru kwese Prokofiev lyrics: chikamu sonata rechipiri - nounyoro, kurukana nesimba uye nouchenjeri. Kuratidzwa weChinomwe Sonata, iro Prokofiev akagamuchira Stalin Prize, yakaitirwa 1942 ne Svyatoslava Rihtera.

Chiitiko Prokofiev: muchato yechipiri

In toga munyori panguva ino, zvakare, mutambo kwakaitika. Relations pamwe birdies - anonzi mukadzi Prokofiev - anobuda pamukova vazvo. mukadzi Independent uye fara nevamwe, wajaira Panyanzvi nhaurirano uye kuona kusachengeteka kukuru kwezvokudya yacho Union, Lina nguva ashanyirwa vatorwa nevamiririri venyika, chii chakaita pedyo pfungwa weDhipatimendi State Security. Kuti vanofanira tikadzivisa nokukurukurirana mhosva dzakadaro, kunyanya munguva kugadzikana yemarudzi mamiriro ezvinhu, rave akati Zhene Prokofev. Biography uye basa munyori akatambura zvikuru maitiro ichi Lina. Zvisinei, haana mari chero kuteerera nyevero. Between madzimai kazhinji nharo, ukama, uye pasina kuti bope, yakanyanya kutosvorana. Paaiva vakazorora ari pachipatara pacho, apo Prokofiev aiva mumwe, akasangana musikana Mira Mendelson. Vanotsvakurudza vachiri kuvabvunzeiko kana akanga asina zvakananga akatuma munyori nechinangwa kumudzivirira kubva mukadzi asingazvibati. Peace aiva mwanasikana ane mushandi Gosplan, saka kuti shanduro iyi hachiratidzi zvichida chaizvo.

Hakuzi kunyanya yakanaka kana okugadzira zvinhu, kunyora mediocre ndima, usazeza kutaura navo mutsamba dzake munyori. Its chikuru zvakwakanakira ndiwo achikudza Prokofiev uye zvizviise pasi. Nokukurumidza, munyori yakasarudza kubvunza Lina kurambana, izvo akaramba kumupa. Lina aiziva kuti chero iye anoramba mukadzi wake Prokofiev, iye ane mamwe mukana yokupona mune utsinye ichi kuti nyika yake. Izvi zvakateverwa zvikuru zvinoshamisa mamiriro ezvinhu, izvo Aitondiitira zita rayo kubva tsika mutemo - ". Prokofiev chiitiko" Zviremera Soviet Union wenziyo akatsanangura kuti sezvo muchato wake Linoy Kodina rave vakanyorwa muEurope, tichitarisa mitemo USSR zvinenge zvisina zvazvinoreva. Somugumisiro, Prokofiev akaroora nyika pasina pokufa yokuroorana Lina. Papera chaizvo mwedzi Lina akasungwa uye akatuma kumusasa.

Prokofev Sergey Sergeevich: okugadzira zvinhu mumakore post-hondo

Chii Prokofiev zvakakwana kutya zvakaitika muna 1948, pakasvika wakashata chirevo hurumende. "Chokwadi," yakabudiswa mupepanhau kuti akashora nenzira akaenda vamwe vanyori chenhema uye mutorwa kuti mafungiro yeSoviet. Kuwanda yakadaro "kurasika" uye Prokofiev yakarova. Cho munyori akanga sezvinotevera: Anti-dzakakurumbira uye tsika. Chaiva vanotyisa nokurova. Kwemakore akawanda akanga vakatongerwa "runyararo" Anna Akhmatova, iye slid mumvuri Shostakovich nevamwe vakawanda vanodhirowa.

Asi Sergei Sergeyevich haana kukanda mapfumo, ramba kuita ndeake kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva. Prokofiev kwakaita symphonic mabasa achangopfuura makore kwave mugumisiro zvose nzira yake kunyora. Wechinomwe Symphony, rakanyorwa gore asati afa - iri kupemberera akachenjera uye akachena nyore, mumwe nyika, iyo akaenda kwemakore akawanda. Prokofiev akafa musi March 5, 1953, iwoyo sezvo Stalin. kwake kwakanga anenge kucherechedzwa nemhaka National kuchema pamusoro pokufa vanhu mutungamiri anodiwa.

Life uye Works of Prokofiev inogona zvishoma se dzose kudzingana okuvhenekesa. Kusimba upenyu-Richisimbisa, kunoita kuti tive pedyo pfungwa inokosha zvikuru munyori wokuGermany Ludwig Van Beethoven yake nejichidza rwiyo - wepfumbamwe Symphony, izvo zvinoita ode "To Joy" iri pakuguma: "Bvuma mamiriyoni, batanidza kupinda rimwe mufaro." Upenyu Works of Prokofiev - ndiyo nzira Artist kukuru, upenyu hwake akaisa basa mumhanzi uye ayo zvakavanzika kukuru.