Sergey Eyzenshteyn: Autobiography, upenyu pachake, Filmography. Photo Eyzenshteyna Sergeya Mihaylovicha

The zita Sergeya Eyzenshteyna anozivikanwa munyika yose nezita rimwe havaoni zviri unyanzvi mabhaisikopo, uyewo tenzi guru Russian chains-garde. ounyanzvi ake usingafi dzichiri kushandiswa Film Institute sezvo emirayiridzo kuti chokugadza vanotungamira.

Legacy Director

Mugore 2025 kucharatidza rechi100 musi unoenderana ounyanzvi wenyika mabhaisikopo, firimu "yehondo" Potemkin "." Sergei Mikhailovich aiva nemakore 27 chete okuberekwa waibvisa tepi. Vashoma vanoziva gore chii akaberekwa Sergey Eyzenshteyn, uye akararama makore makumi mashanu chete (kubvira 1898 kusvika 1948.). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunyange akanga chinonetsa uye zvinosuruvarisa nguva munyika yedu munhau.

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ane Filmography kunosanganisira mafirimu vanenge makumi maviri navashanu, chakanaka hafu vavo pamusoro Mexico, akasiya yakasiyana nhaka, kwete chete dziri mafirimu. Zvinoitawo mabhuku okuchikoro uye emirayiridzo kuti vadzidzi cinema. A muunganidzwa mukuru wacho mabasa kwakakwana ine mavhoriyamu gumi. Kubva pavo unogona kudzidza mashoko anonakidza sei paiva nguva yaairarama uye aishanda Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Autobiography vaisanganisa netsamba, kushanda manotsi, essays uye nyaya.

World kuti vatungamiriri Eisenstein

Famous firimu Director Mikhail Romm akanyora netsamba dzake kuti basa rake akadzidza firimu Eisenstein kuti "yehondo" Potemkin "." Aiva mudzidzi wekambani Mararamiro uye akava nomukana kushanda fora Studio "Mosfilm". Michael I. makumi mana nguva yakadzokororwa akakurumbira "yehondo" Potemkin "," vakaongorora kwazvo uye vakadzidza inoshandiswa pakutsigira, ruzha, vatambi, nhaurirano uye disassembled pepuranga hunowedzera hurongwa.

Alfred Hitchcock vaiona pachake mudzidzi uye muteveri dzedu wekambani kukuru. Haana kuvanza chokwadi kuti basa rakashandiswa ake unyanzvi afunga Sergei Mikhailovich. "Saspiens" yake yakakurumbira, kuti zvinoshamisa kumbomira, pumped Makakatanwa, nokusika kufunganya mhepo - kuburikidza nokushandisa unyanzvi Eisenstein, akadai: zvoga mashoko uye aikanganiswa mumwe zvikamu, akasiyana maonero, pakarepo kudzikira uye kuwedzera chinhu kuderera uye chikurumidze nguva kuburikidza mutinhimira vanomhanyisa mapuranga, ruzha zvinokonzerwa, shading, uye zvichingodaro ..

Family & Vabereki

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ane pachake upenyu vakura - pakavanda shure zvisimbiso zvinomwe, uyewo vakawanda yake yakakurumbira navo, uye vadzidzisi haana kusika mhuri yavo. Kana mukadzi wake kana vana obzavolsya. Akapomera nayo nokuda vabereki, iyo havana kumupa dzidzo yakakodzera yacho. Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ane mufananidzo iri pasi apa, akabatwa pedyo mai vake nababa muna maviri kana matatu makore.

Pashure chinyadzo chakakomba yakaitika muna 1909, upenyu mhuri vabereki rava kugara dzakatevedzana zvinonyadzisa uye chisimba pamangange. Little Serge akamanikidzwa kuteerera amai nababa, anogara anozarura maziso ake pane mumwe. Mama anoti Sergei, baba vake - mbavha munyengeri haanganzi mukomboreri, uye baba vake, akavapindurawo, akashuma kuti mai vake - mukadzi nokutengeserana. Pakupedzisira, muna 1912, apo Sergei nemakore 11, vabereki vake vakarambana uye vakapararira. By zvasarudzwa Dzvene Revafundisi Mukomana akagara pamwe nababa vake.

Marriage vabereki vanogona kunzi dzisakarurama. Amai, Julia Ivanovna Konetskaya, aibva mumhuri yakapfuma. baba vake, mumwe mumiririri varombo madhorobha mukirasi, akasvika St. Petersburg kubva Tikhvin. Pane vaiita subcontracted basa, vakaunganidza boka guru diki uye akaroora mwanasikana akapfuma. Achangogara akazarura bhizimisi rake - "Neva barzhnoe Company".

Baba yemberi mukuru, Mihail Osipovich Eyzenshteyn, aiva Swedish-Jewish midzi. Kuva murume Yulii Ivanovny Konetskoy iye perevoz muna Riga, apo akaberekwa, uye mwanakomana wavo chete, Sergei.

The pakuonekwa chinokosha Riga kunonyanya kukonzerwa basa Mihaila Eyzenshteyna. In basa rake mukuru mapurani weguta, akavaka akanaka Art Nouveau zvivakwa anopfuura makumi mashanu. Vachiri zvinoshongedza guru Latvia. Mikhail Osipovich kusiyaniswa kushingaira kukuru uye akanaka mabhizimisi unhu. Aiva rinobudirira, achifumira kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu State Patson. Zvino wakapa vana vake kodzero nhaka kwamachinda.

Sergei Mikhailovich tarenda

Kubva achiri muduku, baba, Mihail Osipovich Eyzenshteyn, akadzidzisa mwanakomana wake kuti kuverenga. Akamupa dzidzo yakanaka. Chirungu, German uye French Sergey Eyzenshteyn aiva anenge zvakakwana. Nokukurumidza Mukomana akadzidza kuchovha, kutamba mumhanzi uri piyano, achitora mifananidzo. Somunhu fashoni kurega mwana akangwara, pamwe kufarira kukuru kunzwisisa sayenzi siyana uye kuvavarira kuti zvinhu zvitsva. Uyezve, zvakanaka kupendwa.

Pane zvakawanda enyaya cartoons, dzimwe nguva zvoufuza chaizvo kugutsikana, akavaita vakuru, chamuita kuti sangano iri kuratidzira zvikuru dzinonakidza. Wekutanga ndokutora nzvimbo muna 1957 muMoscow. Mune ramangwana, chinosetsa yokunyora nokudhirowa, cartoons, yokunyora nokudhirowa kuti zvokupfeka uye zvayainge nokuda kutamba, inoshandiswa pakutsigira kuti mafirimu, mifananidzo mubhaibheri uye mabhuku vanotongwa, uyewo mifananidzo yakaitwa munzendo dzake Europe uye America, kuzoona kondinendi yose Europe uye America. Pashure pezvose, vaviri chete mafirimu - "Alexander Nevsky" uye "Ivan Grozny" - Sergey Eyzenshteyn akaita vanodhirowa inopfuura 600.

Baba Sergeya Eyzenshteyna aida kuona mwanakomana wake mapurani. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, muna 1915 Sergey akapinda Petrograd Institute of Civil Engineers. Panguva iyi vabereki vake vakanga vakatsaurwa, uye baba vake vaigara muBerlin nomudzimai wake mutsva.

vadzidzisi

baba vake pakunamata Eyzenshteyn Sergey Mihaylovich akanzwa huru yemitambo Director Vsevoloda Emilevicha Meyerholda. Iye akanamata kwaari uye kunamatwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti shasha uye zvakaipa mumwe munhu asingadi kuwirirana, asi Meyerhold hwake akaramba ichi vanoti nguva zhinji. Sergey Mihaylovich Eyzenshteyn, Biography - nyaya wedu review, anonyora pamusoro vadzidzisi vake chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo vanotungamira ichi: Meyerhold aiva rakasiyana kugona kudzidza, kwete kupa vadzidzi chero unobatsira ruzivo. Eisenstein anoti ose wekambani yacho zvakavanzika Meyerhold, akaona nokuenzanisa Pazvakangomutambudza akasvika edzesero ari kutamba.

Padikidiki achiona zviratidzo tarenda iri chero vadzidzi, Meyerhold pasi mumwe chokumupomera kana mumwe pakarepo vakabva vabvisa munhu zvinogona somukwikwidzi. Akaita Meyerhold kazhinji kuburikidza vakadzi. Saka akaenda Eisenstein.

Kana Meyerhold haana kugovana ruzivo rwavo pamwe vadzidzi, mutungamiriri Sergey Eyzenshteyn nekusiyana, zvose hwake uye tarenda kupfeka pakusikwa mitemo kwose mabhaisikopo, yaakanga anorondedzerwa zvakajeka mune zvaakanyora pamusoro unyanzvi cinema. Handbook of firimu munyika vave "Unyanzvi mise in pamupikicha" ake, "Mizankadr", "Installation", "nzira" uye "asina hanya zvisikwa."

Building firimu dzidziso

Zvisinei, pasina pakuva mapurani, sezvo kufanana nababa vake, Eyzenshteyn Sergey Mihaylovich, iye akasiya chinofadza schematic mufanidzo imwe imba, iyo kunorondedzerwa so "kuvaka Pfungwa cinema." urongwa Izvi zvinogona kunzi nokudenga. On zviri nyore kupfura mabhaisikopu kwete chete, zviri zvakare rakanakira pokumuka urongwa kukura mabhaisikopu zvavo.

The hwaro rose nemamiriro - nzira yokutambidza dialectics, kureva, kukurukura, pamwe, kurwisana uye chikwata pamwe. On nzira vachisimudza rakatevera mundiro - kuratidza murume. Pasi tsanangudzo iyi, zvinoreva nzira idzo vanhu manzwiro avo munzanga.

Kumusoro, pamusoro bwendefa "mashoko evanhu", muri mbiru ina - the pathos mizankadr, mise the pachiitiko uye enyambo. mbiru izvi, kutaura zvazviri, zvinhu zvavo, kuburikidza kugadzwa, kusika aida mufananidzo kunokanganisa pfungwa mafungiro evanhu. ichi zvose pamwe ndiyo uzivi ounyanzvi, muchiitiko ichi, firimu. Uyezve basa riri firimu kunosanganisira kudzidza zvakadzama wemagariro evanhu rwokugadzira. Izvi zvakakodzera chaizvo, sezvo matambudziko akatarisana firimu, tichingotarisira kuwedzera, kuvandudzwa zvigadzirwa, kuwedzera mishumo vateereri, unhu mitemo vari kumuka. Korona magadzirirwo mureza neshoko "firimu nzira".

Makakatanwa ari kutyaira simba ounyanzvi

Shoko "kurwisana" - sezvo mujinga iro hunogara unyanzvi - muimba Zano firimu dzidziso chinoshayikwa. Zvisinei, Sergey Eyzenshteyn akanga nechokwadi kuti mukakavadzane ndiko kutyaira simba vose pezvakaitwa vari vaviri okusika uye rinoparadza nemunhu. kudavira kwake kwakavakirwa pauduku hwake nazvo, kana anoita nesmyshlony mbudzana zvakazoonekwa kuti bato guru mifananidzo uye zvinonyadzisa kuti yakaitika pakati vabereki. Zvichienderana paku- riri inoshandiswa pakutsigira, pasina vamwe vatambi, akanga zvaisanganisira baba amai sei kupupurira uori nevamwe, kuti muyananisi kugadzirisa ndiani akarurama uye ndiani asina kururama, sei chaikonzera upenyu hwavo vakaipa, uye kunyange somunhu muiti nzendo dziri nguva anyerere vakagumburwa naye. Zvakanga bhora, achibhururuka kubva mumwe wavo mumwe. Upenyu hwakadaro tichingogara tichinetsana yaisagona iiswe pamusoro Sergei Mikhailovich maonero. The kunetsana wava dzinongoitika, ungati, mumwe maberekero pasi naye.

Pakuongorora kwako kare, Sergey Eyzenshteyn anonyora kuti hana yake vana akanga asiri chete rinoparadza chiito tinoberekwa munhuwo vana. Haana kutyora matoyi, vasingagoni kuita kunze wachi kuti aone zviri mukati kwavari, kwete vatadzire katsi nembwa havasi nhema uye kwete capricious. Muchidimbu, raiva mwana akakwana. Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ari autobiography nomukuru kuti gwaro anenge mudzidziso zvose hadzisi kuzadzika uduku pranks mumafirimu ake. Kuti kushaya mukana yokukudziridza sezvingatarisirwa uye kuongorora upenyu sezvo zvinoitika kwomuzvarirwo nevana vose, richiratidzwa maari mumakore akazotevera. Nokudaro ropa mifananidzo yokuurayira, umhondi, nezvimwewo, etc .. izvi hasha nzira vose simba pamusoro vateereri, pamusoro psyche dzavo, Eisenstein akadana zvinokwezva.

Usingaonekwi madimbu kana dzinouraya sarudzo?

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, uyo Biography zvinoratidza kuti akanga zvachose pfungwa munhu, rine zvituri zviitiko chokwadi, raakanga akaisa zvikuru kukosha.

Pandaidzidza mugore Institute of Civil Engineers wechipiri akanga nokubuda mukati vortex ari echimurenga kufamba. Muna February 1918, Eisenstein wechi Red Army uye akaenda mberi. Kwemakore maviri akanga vaiita rechiuto pakuvaka, aiitawo kutanga sechinhu mutambi uye mutungamiriri uye dzakapendwa manyepo masirogani kudzidzisa motokari.

Muna 1920 akasunungura mutemo wehurumende kubvumira vadzidzi kudzokera mumakoreji uye kuvandudza rokudzidzisa muitiro. Sergey panguva ino kufarira nokuda chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo upenyu, uye haana nechido zvakare kuita kuvaka uye mapurani, sezvo vakarayira nevabereki. Akapa kuramba zvidzidzo ake panguva Academy of General Staff, nechinangwa mune ramangwana ave mushanduri wechiJapanese. Ndakambotorwa zvokuti anoedza kuti Eisenstein akafunga. Panguva ino guta guru rikashamiswa kubva Petrograd kuMoscow, uko nokukurumidza kutanga upenyu - uye theatre zvikuru. Munguva yenhamo usiku apo pakupedzisira akasarudza kusiyana mavakirwo, panguva imwe chete kutanga upenyu hwake hutsva mwoyo kurwiswa pakarepo yakaganhuka kwababa upenyu - Mihaila Osipovicha Eyzenshteyna.

Kubvira akatanga inobudirira uye nokukurumidza basa zvenyika-akakurumbira firimu Director Sergeya Eyzenshteyna.

Mazvita Peter Greenaway

Muna 2015, sefa vakasunungurwa firimu naPetro Greenaway "Eisenstein mu Guanajuato". mufananidzo uyu aita ambivalence Distributors Russian Zvisinei Greenaway rinoti vachiri vasina kubviswa chimwe firimu pamusoro zvinoshamisa mukuru - hombe kusiya. Vanhu vanofanira kuziva munhu rudzii kwakakura Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Biography, upenyu pachake wekambani yacho uye basa rake firimu zvinoda kudzidza uye kutsvakurudza. Haana chinangwa kuzvidza shasha. Mukupesana, anoda kuratidza kuti nyika yachinja unyanzvi munhu pashure pokufamba vakakomba nyika, havasi aparidze chete utongi hwechiKomonisiti. Pashure pezvose, nokuti munhu asina chakavanzika pashure pemakore matatu kudzidza upenyu uye tsika vanhu Europe, USA uye Latin America Sergey zvikuru achinja maonero ake zvinangwa uye mabasa ose mabhaisikopu yeSoviet. Zvirongwa Greenaway - wechipiri firimu pamusoro yedu hunoshamisa compatriot, "kugwinha maoko Eisenstein." Panguva ino, Greenway anoda kuratidza upenyu wekambani huru kuenda kunze Soviet Union.

mataridzikiro kugadzirisa

Eisenstein pakutanga chaipo hwake guru rwavakaita kumwe Europe akatenga desyatitomnik Frazer "The Golden davi". Imhaka bhuku rino, iye akaunganidza mashoko nezvezvitendero zvenyika kubva vekare kuti chipo. Pfungwa mwari sezvo bota, kufa uye akamutsa, akaita maari pfungwa kuchovha ose zvinhu nyika.

Mazuva gumi muMexico ndashama iye neruzivo rutsva pamusoro evanhu noukama vakawanda uye mabhaisikopu zvikuru. Akaona kuti une nzvimbo zviduku kunogona pamwe anenge zvose munhoroondo evanhu mirairo murunyararo - the chinyakare, feudal, capitalist uye kunyange mugovanisi.

Ndinoda kuona kuti muMexico saka kure, makore anopfuura 70, Eisenstein anonzi nhamba imwe wekambani. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti ipapo nasnimal kwokurangana 80 000 metres vhidhiyo. Hazvina nevakawanda vane veko uye mararamiro avo, tsika yenyika, runako landscape, dzinongoitika dzoga uye zvikuru anonakidza uye mashoko oupenyu Latinos.

Nokuda akaoma Copyright tisina mukana kuona zvinhu izvi zvose, ndiro tsitsi. Mune US, kwakavakirwa Eisenstein kambani "Rinokosha" yakaiswa rimwe mafirimu shoma kuti vakagamuchira kubudirira zvikuru. Details pamusoro chinosuruvarisa the saga pamwe mafirimu rinogona kuverenga magazini "Chinovhara Soviet" nokuda 1974, munyori - R. Yurenev.

Kumusha, Sergei Mikhailovich, pamwe munyori (sapamazuva ichangopfuura apfuura Chekist) Aleksandrom Rzheshevskim vakaisa kushanda imwe firimu. Panguva ino nguva collectivization - ". Bezhin kumafuro" Akatora sezvikonzero nyaya Pavlik Morozov, uyo, maererano yakagadzirwa Eisenstein, vakauraya nemaoko baba vake pachake. In wokutanga musiyano wezvinyorwa varimi kuparadza kereke kuti vatange tsvimbo yake. In wechipiri - vanhuwo zvavo vari kuedza kuponesa chechi kubva mumoto. Firimu rakarambidzwa nokuda Pfungwa kwezvikonzero, asi firimu iri shambidza. Chete vashoma mifananidzo footage kubva firimu. Ivo zvazvinoita simba mupfungwa nezvainoita Fafitera.

Njodzi mutungamiriri hwaiva pangozi. Iye nepaburi retsono kusungwa, akanga ambomiswa achidzidzisa ari VGIK, asi sezvineiwo wakarurama uye akava nomukana kushanda, zvino pamusoro nyika firimu "Alexander Nevsky".

"Akararama, akafunga, uye aifarira", - akadaro epitaph kuona jaya Sergei Mikhailovich ari tombstone ake.

Panoperera upenyu pashure mwoyo kurwisa, kwakaitika muna 1946, Eisenstein, kuongorora magumo avo, akanyorwa, sokuti, aigara achitsvaka chimwe chete chinhu - nzira kubatana uye kuyananiswa dzinopesana vemapato. Avo zvakapesana kuti adzinge pezvakaitwa zvose munyika. A rwendo kuMexico akamuratidza kuti mubatanidzwa hazviiti Zvisinei, - Sergey pachena akazviona - vava zvechokwadi kudzidzisa murunyararo coexistence.