Laynus Poling: Biography, mupiro sainzi. Multivitamins Linus Pauling uye wongororo pamusoro pavo

Imwe yakakurumbira American kemisiti Laynus Poling ndiye. Biography hwake kwete chete vagari United States, asi vanhu vose panyika mubereko. Hazvishamisi, nokuti akaongorora mavhitaminzi - akakurumbira saka nhasi Mishonga zvokuwedzera. Uye ndinofanira kutaura, Laynus Karl Poling akauya dzinonakidza zvabuda. Zvanzi musayendisiti, uyo akazova Kumukundi maviri Nobel mibayiro, tichataura nhasi.

Origin uye muduku Linus Pauling

Laynus Poling, pikicha uye Biography anoratidzwa munyaya, akaberekwa muna Portland, February 28, 1901 baba vomukomana akanga mishonga (yaifananidzira pazasi), uye mai vake - amai vemba. Apo Linus akanga 9 makore baba vake vakafa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, mhuri yakanga yakaoma mune zvokunyama nemashoko.

Laynus ros atendeuka uye kufunga mwana. Aigona tarirai refu tumbuyu, asi kunyanya kutorwa Pauling zvicherwa. Ake anonakidzwa uye akakwezva nyika matombo anokosha. Ichi chido nokuti sekristaro kuoneka panguva uye muupenyu akura: Masayendisiti akadzidza zvicherwa akawanda, uchifungidzira kuti akasika.

Pazera makore 13 Pauling kutanga akashanya muna makemikari murabhoritari. Zvaakaona ikoko akaita chaizvo kwaari. Linus akasarudza kuita kuedza pakarepo. Vakakwereta "makemikari" ndiro mukicheni naamai vake, uye nzvimbo yake rava nzvimbo yokutsvakurudza.

koreji

Pauling haana sekondari kuti hazvina kumutadzisa kuenda Oregon Agricultural College, gare gare tinoshandurirwa University of Oregon. Panguva kudzidzisa Linus zvinonyatsoda nemakemikari rwokugadzira. Manheru usiku uye aifanira kuwana nechouviri. Pauling aishanda muresitorendi dishwasher, uyewo kufambira mapepa ari kudhindwa.

Linus akaenda sowakajeka. Prodigy akaona vadzidzisi uye mudiki akamupa kuva mubatsiri. Sezvo Pauling akatanga kushanda panguva weDhipatimendi Quantitative Analysis. Kwapera gore, akava mubatsiri ari Vanamakanika, kemisitiri uye zvinhu.

Doctorate chinyorwa, mangwanani basa musayendisiti

Laynus Poling muna 1922 akava Bachelor of Science (Chemical Engineering). Kushanda ake doctorate chinyorwa, akakokwa kuti California Institute of Technology, iri muPasadena. Iye sowakajeka akadzivirira basa rake muna 1925.

Young musayendisiti vakatanga kuita basa iri Institute of Technology. Akava purofesa mubatsiri kare muna 1927, shamwaridzana purofesa - muna 1929. Muna 1931, Pauling atova purofesa wekemisitiri.

Kudzidza X-ray crystallography

Panguva ino akanga yawana unyanzvi zvinokosha mumunda X-ray crystallography. Linus nyore kuverenga maekisirei, kana aigona kuchengeta maatomu maumbirwo kwenyaya nameso angu. ruzivo urwu pedyo zvedzidzo hunhu makemikari ukama - huru munda kwekudzidza hwose. Akaenda kuna Europe, apo akashanyira imwe anozivikanwa masayendisiti Munich - Sommerfeld, muna Zurich - E. Schrödinger mu Copenhagen - Niels Bohr.

Dzidziso hybridization (resonance)

Muna 1928, Linus akazivisa dzidziso yake hybridization (zvakasiyana - resonance dzidziso). Raiva budiriro chaicho STRUCTURAL kemisitiri. Panguva ino, yasara unsolved chinetso kuratidzwa marongerwo uye zvivako zviri yeimwe mu makemikari fomura. Pasinei chokwadi kuti masayendisiti vabvuma kushandisa nokuputsanya kuratidza munhu Valence chisungo, pane vakawanda chokwadi. Chokwadi chokuti chaizvoizvo zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru Zvirongwa wakavhomorwa papepa.

Nokukurumidza tinoda okuwedzera mazita. Zvikurukuru kana kubatana yakanga polar, zviri Uyezve museve; kana zvakanga Ionic - on maatomu anowedzera akaisa pluses uye minuses. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi rubatsiro zvikuru. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti zvakakwana mufananidzo zvivako uye sechivako muzvizhinji pamusoro mamorekuru, kunyanya kunzwisisa, aifanira kuita STRUCTURAL Masvomhu wandei. Akanyanya zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti shanu benzene. Sezvo mumwe nomumwe anonzi choga, kana mumwe wavo vasingagoni kutsanangura zvakarurama zvivako uye nemamiriro anonhuhwirira akakura.

Pauling akafunga pfungwa yakanga kuti morekuru mugumisiro resonance, kureva kuti pindana zvivako zvinoverengeka. Kana mumwe nomumwe zvivako izvi zvikuru rinotsanangura siyana zvemakemikari zvivako uye samolecular marongerwo.

Muna 1939 sokuti basa Linus "The hunhu makemikari chisungo." Masayendisiti akashandisa quantum dzidziso kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana kusangana sayenzi. Izvi akamutendera kuti atsanangure zvizhinji zvakasiyana zvinhu kubva rakabatana yokungotaura munzvimbo.

Zvakawanikwa itsva

Laynus Poling yechipiri yezana 1930s kudzidza maumbirwo mamorekuru nemhaka resonance dzidziso. Its Zvaakanyora antibodies, zvikurukuru mano avo kupa kutapata. Masayendisiti akaita nhamba Zvakawanikwa mumunda virology, immunology, uye nemakemikari omuviri. Somuenzaniso, iye akadzidza Chizenga Morekuru. Laynus Poling muna 1951 akabudisa tsananguro wokutanga-dimensional matatu samolecular maumbirwo mapuroteni (co-rakanyorwa R. Korn). Yakanga yaunganidzwa X-ray crystallography mashoko.

Mafungiro kune dzidziso Pauling muna USSR

Pauling pfungwa kwakaita dutu iri USSR. In nyika yedu, pashure pokukundwa nyanzvi dzemitauro, masayendisiti kombiyuta uye nyanzvi dzinoongorora akaisa pamusoro quantum Vanamakanika, uye akazova kunangwa NKVD uye kemisitiri. Dzidziso resonance Pauling, uyewo dzidziso mesomerism K. Ingold, ukama zvakanga chikuru kunangwa kurwiswa. The Soviet Union akazivisa kuti Pauling kumiririrwa chaicho Morekuru sezvo avhareji pakati maviri kana kupfuura zvakanyanyisa tiivistelmä hurongwa - rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma uye Bourgeois. June 11, 1951 waiitwa All-Union musangano pamusoro izvo dambudziko makemikari mamiriro vaionekwa. Panguva chiitiko ichi, resonance dzidziso vakakundwa.

Nobel mibayiro uye nezvimwe kubudirira Pauling

Zvisinei, kuita Linus aikoshesa vakanga yaizoongororwa kwose. Pauling muna 1954 yakapiwa Nobel Prize pamusana Paaidzidza yezvakaita makemikari chisungo, uyewo chikumbiro chacho kudzidza Zvivako yeimwe. Uye muna 1962 musayendisiti vakagamuchira mubayiro kechipiri - sezvo murwi rugare.

Pauling ndiye muvambi mabhuku anenge 250 zvesayenzi uye mabhuku akawanda, kusanganisira nemamwe wayo kudzika uye nyore bhuku iri kemisitiri ano. Muna 1948, kuti kubudirira mune zvesayenzi, akatanga kutungamirira American Chemical Society, uye akasarudzwa kuva National Academy of Sciences of United States uye vazhinji nevamwe zvesayenzi nzanga munyika dzakasiyana.

rugare

Vabayiwa kuziva kutyisidzirwa zvombo zvenyukireya chavanhu, Linus vakatanga nokushingaira kurwa pakusikwa zvombo zvitsva zvenyukireya. musayendisiti ichi chaiva pakati initiators of Pugwash kufamba. Pauling muna 1957 akapfuura chikumbiro kuna weUN General, wakasainwa 11.021 masayendisiti achimiririra munyika 49. Mubhuku 1958 "Musaenda hondo!" Laynus Poling akaratidza pacifistic maonero ake.

Muna June 1961 musayendisiti uye wake kunzi musangano kuNorway (Oslo), musoro iyo - pakurwisa kuwandisa kwezvombo zvenyukireya. Pasinei kurapwa Linus kuna Nikita Khrushchev, muna September wegore iroro Soviet Union akatangazve yokuedzwa. Uye muna March gore rinouya, uye ndizvo zvakaitawo United States. Ipapo musayendisiti vakatanga kutakura kubuda nemwaranzi richiona nezvezvabuda radioactivity. Pauling Akapa norupo ruzivo kuti pamwero yakawedzera hafu zvichienzaniswa yapfuura makore 16 muna October 1962. Uyezve, Pauling aiva ubate chibvumirano pamusoro kurambidza iyi mhando yokuedzwa. Muna July 1963, Soviet Union, US uye UK kunge ndarisaina.

The musayendisiti ramira kushanda panguva California Institute of Technology muna 1963 uye akatanga kushanda munzvimbo tsvakurudzo masangano, iri kuSanta Barbara. Pano akatanga kubata nezvinetso hondo uye runyararo. Linus akaita zvakataurwa nhevedzano kwakaita nokutyisidzirwa radioactive pakusvibiswa. Vaongorori vakawana kuti radioactive okunze kukonzera neleukemia, kenza mapfupa, kenza thyroid nevamwe zvirwere. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Linus zvakafanana nokushingaira akashora maoko munhangemutange yokuti Soviet Union nehurumende US, vamwe vezvematongerwo enyika kuchinja chokwadi akavimbika kuUnited States.

Muna 1969, musayendisiti akamira kushanda paUniversity of California, apo akaita zvidzidzo ake kwemakore maviri. Akazviita kuti varatidzire kusafarira kunopfuurira Reagan, mubati California, mutemo edzidzo. Linus akatanga kushanda Stanford University muzvinafundo.

Personal upenyu Pauling

Muna 1922, mumwe musayendisiti akaroora mudzidzi pa Oregon Agricultural College - Ava Helen Miller (Photo nayo anoratidzwa pazasi). Vane mwanasikana uye vanakomana vatatu. Muna 1981, Ava Helen akafa. Paakafa Pauling aigara California vari Big Sur apo nyika imba yavo yakanga.

Orthomolecular mushonga Pauling

Pauling ndiye mutsigiri uye nditsigire vanonzi orthomolecular mushonga. Chaizvoizvo Its iri yokuti kurapa rinoitwa kushandisa zvinhu kuti varipo ari mumuviri womunhu. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti kuitira kukunda pamusoro mumwe kana mumwe chirwere chete vanofanira kuchinja pfungwa nomazvo. Its Scientific uye Medical Institute rakaumbwa muna 1973 kuongorora nzira kurapa uye kudzivirira zvirwere kuburikidza ukapisa zvaida dose zvicherwa uye mavhitaminzi. Pauling aidavira kuti zvinonyanya kukosha kuti uparadze zvakawanda vhitamini C. Muna 1979 rimwe bhuku akaonekwa kuti musayendisiti anonzi "Cancer uye Vitamin C". Zvakanga haazvibatanidzi kuti ascorbic asidhi kunobatsira kurarama nechirwere ichi ngozi. Laynus Poling "Vitamin C uye runny mhuno" akasika mugore iro. Vose mabhuku aya zvakasiyana manzwiro pamusoro chikamu kuvarapi, asi vava nevakawanda kwazvo.

Kuongorora kuti Ascorbic acid

Mavhitaminzi Dr. Linus Pauling atova kufarira vakwegura. Kudzidza ascorbic asidhi uye mukana kurapwa kushandisa musayendisiti wakayeriswa okupedzisira 30 makore oupenyu hwake, uye vakagumisa kuti kurishandisa akawanda kunobatsirawo pamusoro womunhu.

Pakarepo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hapana mavhitaminzi uchaponesa iwe kana iwe atungamirire kunaka mararamiro. Vanogona kuenzaniswa pechigaro mabhandi. Kana munhu akapfeka, izvozvo chete chinonditadzisa nayo mumamiriro ezvinhu okukurumidzira, asi hakurevi yakachengeteka chokufambisa. Mavhitaminzi tiri chete kutipa zvimwe kudzivirirwa. Simbiso zviito zvavo - basa uye refu upenyu musayendisiti sezvo Laynus Poling. Vhitamini C, akatora ari uwandu magiramu 18 pazuva, uye vhitamini E (tocopherol) - 800 Iu, kubvira rechinomwe gumi. Linus akakwanisa kurarama makore 93! Muna 1994, Laynus Poling akafa. Brief Biography naye anoratidza kuti akanga asina achitambura nechirwere chakakomba.

Panzira, kunyange vavengi zvinovava pamusoro masayendisiti dzinobvumirana kuti ascorbic asidhi runobatsira utano. Vanotyisa gakava kwave chete uwandu wayo kuitwa kwemakore akawanda, izvo zvinofanira kutorwa.

Zvinotaurwa nhamba?

Academy of Sciences rinokurudzira kuti murume mukuru nezuva yaunodya 60 MG vhitamini C. The zvinodiwa Russian zvinosiyana zvichienderana nezera, pabonde uye vanoti vanoshumira munhu. Nokuti varume ndiwo 60-110 MG vakadzi - 55-80. At izvi yakawanda uye kana hypovitaminosis (ropa matadza, kurukutika) kana chakakuvara. Vanhu uchapedza anopfuura 50 MG ose ascorbic asidhi pazuva, maererano nenhamba, pane zviratidzo yokukwegura nemakore 10 gare gare pane vamwe.

Mavhitaminzi Linus Pauling

Feedback kwavo kushandisa vanobva munyika yose. Mavhitaminzi kusimbisa zvirwere, kupa chitarisiko chakanaka, mumwe mutariri vivacity uye simba, sezvo vanhu vanoti. Vari kuramba yakakurumbira somunhu Mishonga chinamatidzwa. Tiri kutaura kuzvivako yakadaro yakabereka nhasi, sezvo "Super Multi-mavhitaminzi" Dr. Linus Pauling. Inoitwa anopfuura 40 mavhitamini, mishonga zvinoriumba, zvicherwa, youmambo mondo. Yokupedzisira ine immunostimulating uye Anti-anogumbura zvivako, uye kunowedzerawo muviri uye pfungwa unongotaura. Multivitamins Linus Pauling ndaizoitwa imwe hwaka- mumiririri. kunzwisisa ichi chimwezve tsime mamineral mavhitaminzi.