Four-chambered mwoyo vari amphibians uye zvinokambaira: mienzaniso

Redu iri rinogara vanhu vakawanda mhuka dzakasiyana makirasi, mapoka uye mhando. Masayendisiti vari kudzidza maumbirwo dzavo uye dzichipfekeka kukosha nomumwe nhengo. About worudzii moyo amphibians uye zvinokambaira, verenga nyaya.

Sezvo mwoyo yamakamuri matatu rashanduka Quad?

Vertebrates landfall nokuti kuti avo pulmonary afemeruke akatanga kukura kuzviita. The kweropa Hurongwa vanotanga kuvakazve. Fish, kufema pamwe gills, vane denderedzwa kweropa, mwoyo yavo rinoumbwa makamera maviri chete. Havagoni kurarama panyika.

Mashanu kana mana chambered mwoyo vari pano vertebrates. Ivo dzinoratidzwa nokuvapo maviri kutenderera. dzinogarisana zvachose - nyika. Muviri pamwe zvitatu makamuri vari amphibians uye nezvinokambaira. Kunyange zvazvo mune dzimwe mhando nezvinokambaira pane zvisakakwana nokupesana ayo migove mina. Kukura mana Chambered mwoyo mubishi yemhindumupindu kwakaitika zvakafanana mune mhuka, shiri uye makarwe.

Zvinokambaira uye amphibians

makirasi aya maviri mhuka dziripo pamakumbo maviri ropa kuparadzirwa uye mwoyo, zvinosanganisira matatu makamuri. Chete goroondo ane chakaremara, asi ane mana pamakamuri, mwoyo. garwe ichi. Full cardiac nhengo kutanga akaonekwa chinyakare mhuka. Mune ramangwana, mwoyo pamwe nhaka nemamiriro vazukuru dinosaurs - shiri. Zvinonzi nhaka uye mhuka ano.

shiri

Wati mana chambered mwoyo shiri. Shiri akasiyana wakakwana dissociation kuparadzirwa: makuru nemadiki, sezvinoita murume, kana pasina vaiitawo ropa - arterial uye venous. Kodzero uye rworuboshwe hafu muviri vakaparadzana zvachose.

Shiri kunge zvina-chambered mwoyo, mamiriro ayo chinomirirwa maviri atria uye ventricles ose zvakaenzana. The ventricle anogamuchira deoxygenated ropa kubva kurudyi atrium. Kubva pane kuerera kubva pulmonary tsinga, iyo rakakamurwa mapazi kurudyi. Somugumisiro, mashoko venous ropa riri runoenzanirana zvemapapu. Panguva ino ropa nyore oxidized uye anopinda rworuboshwe atrium. Izvi anonzi riparadzirwe ake denderedzwa duku.

A guru denderedzwa ropa kuparadzirwa zvinobva ventricle kuruboshwe. It ngaubve chete mudziyo, vakadana rworudyi kutsemuka yokufeva, inova pakarepo nomurwizi mwoyo anotsaura maviri innominate tsinga: kurudyi. The chaizvo chete yeropa kunoitika rworudyi bronchus uye nzvimbo mumunda akaererana vertebral mbiru iri vanokwanisa pakati dorsal yeropa. Mumwe innominate tsinga rakakamurwa ari carotid uye subclavian. Wokutanga anoenda musoro, uye wechipiri yakapatsanurwa zvakare mubhokisi nepfudzi. Kubva dorsal yeropa akaendisa guru arteries. Unmatched akagadzirirwa kuwanisa dumbu uye ura neropa, uye vaviri - hadzi maoko nemakumbo, pelvic nhengo uye tsandanyama abdominal rusvingo.

Four-pamwoyo shiri, izvozvo kunoratidzwa muna kuti sangano kweropa shiri rinoitwa kunyanya kuburikidza nhumbi hombe kukura, uye chete chiduku chikamu achipinda renal capillaries. Birds vanosiyana pamberi mwoyo guru pamwe kakawanda maronda uye kupinda mitumbi wakachena chete arterial ropa. Izvi akabvumira count shiri inodziya-ropa rechiJudha chairo mhuka.

The kweropa nyika mhuka

In mhuka, zvina-chambered mwoyo womunhu kana shiri. inotungamirwa Its ari kuparadzana zvachose ropa riparadzirwe madenderedzwa anokonzerwa kudiwa kukura unhu hwakadai ushamwari-bloodedness. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa sezvinotevera: mhuka kwoushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo vane kugara kudiwa okisijeni, rinogona kusangana chete yakachena ropa arteries pamwe yakawanda okisijeni. Muzvitsaurirei muviri wake ndiyo chete inokwanisa mana chambered mwoyo. A yakavhenganiswa ropa vertebrates, umo mwoyo une makamuri matatu, hazvina kupa zvinodiwa muviri tembiricha. Saka, mhuka idzi dzinonzi ine utsinye.

Nokuda ropa hazvirevi kusanganisa azere partitions. Great denderedzwa kuparadzirwa runoyerera arterial ropa chete, ndiro zvaaida papi kusvitsa ose nhengo imwe mhuka, iyo inobatsira rikurumidze muviri. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti tirambe tembiricha kugara. Four-chambered mwoyo vari mhuka, shiri, uye mamwe makirasi mhuka, iyo kunokosha zvechigarire uye akatsiga tembiricha muviri. Zvino kwezvakatipoteredza une maturo pamusoro pavo.

madzvinyu

Kutaura zvazviri, mwoyo nezvinokambaira izvi vane zvitatu makamuri maviri atria uye mumwe ventricle. Asi nheyo basa rake zvinoita kuti panotaurwa kuti mana Chambered mwoyo vari madzvinyu. Tsanangudzo Fani iyi sezvinotevera. Venous mhango izere okisijeni-murombo ropa, riri tsime mari zvakanaka atrium. Arterial ropa kunowedzerwa pamwe okisijeni, zviri kusvitsa kubva pakatarisana atrium.

Pulmonary tsinga uye yeropa, vose amuudza. Zvaizoratidza sokuti ropa rinofanira kusanganiswa kwazvo. Asi izvi zvikasaitika, nokuti kuvapo tsandanyama kurova-rova pavanoparidza maviri-Pasika zvinoderedza ventricular mwoyo kushanda uye kudzivirira zvimwe ropa vaiitawo. Inowanika, asi zvikuru diki zvakawanda. Saka, maererano dzichipfekeka kukosha-chambered matatu mwoyo madzvinyu sezvinoita Quad.

zvinokambaira

Garwe ane mana-chambered mwoyo, asi mishonga inotevera ropa haisi kuparadzaniswa zvachose pedyo partition. In zvinokambaira Nhengo (mwoyo) ndiro basa unokupai simba rose muviri kubudikidza neropa, rine rinokosha marongerwo. Kuwedzera pulmonary tsinga amutambanudzira kubva ventricle kurudyi, pane chimwezve, kuruboshwe. Pairi huru guru ropa anopinda zvomudumbu hurongwa.

Pakati arteries maviri, kurudyi nekuruboshwe, moyo garwe ane buri. Kubudikidza naye, ropa kubva mutsinga kuwana hombe denderedzwa kurapwa, uye vakutarisire. Masayendisiti refu vaidavira kuti mwoyo ine mhando goroondo Transitional vachienda pakukura moyo makamuri mana azere sapamazuva noushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo mhuka. Asi ichi handizvo.

nenjiva

Negadziriro midziyo ropa uye mwoyo nezvinokambaira izvi kwakafanana kuti nemamwe zvinokambaira: mwoyo makamuri matatu zvakabatana pedyo tsinga uye tsinga. Mukati zvakakwana oxygenated ropa kwakawedzera apo kwokunze kumanikidzwa inowedzerawo. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana mhuka dives kana kutama nokukurumidza. Kwemwoyo zvinoderedza, apo yekudyidzana kuwedzera carbon dioxide inobvisa wevasungwa.

Handina mana chambered mwoyo nenjiva, kunyange zvazvo vasiri nemamiriro muviri une makamuri matatu chete. Chokwadi chokuti mwoyo yakasiyana hamba kukwana ventricular rusvingo pakavakirwa mashandiro ropa, pamwe siyana yakawanda okisijeni.