Shredinger Ervin: dzinonakidza chokwadi, Biography, zvakawanikwa, mapikicha, prices. Schrödinger kuti katsi

Erwin Schrödinger (Makore oupenyu - 1887-1961) - yeAustria yefizikisi, uyo anozivikanwa somumwe havaoni kuti quantum Vanamakanika. Muna 1933 akagamuchira Nobel Prize muna wefizikisi. Shredinger Ervin mukana wokuti vanhu vanga ndiye munyori huru muchikamu ichi sezvo vasiri relativistic quantum Vanamakanika. Inozivikanwa nhasi sezvo Schrödinger mukana wokuti vanhu vanga.

Mavambo, makore okutanga

Vienna - guta waakaberekwa, vanhu vakawanda hunoshamisa, kusanganisira yefizikisi huru Erwin Schrödinger. Brief Biography yake uye yedu nguva zvikuru, kwete chete madenderedzwa zvesayenzi. baba vake aiva Rudolf Schrödinger, industrialist uye nyanzvi. mai vake aiva mwanasikana munharaunda purofesa Chemistry, wepaYunivhesiti Vienna. Zvakanga hafu Englishwoman. Kunyange kuva mwana Ervin Shredinger, pikicha izvo uchaona munyaya ino, akadzidza Chirungu, aiziva, pamwe German. mai vake aiva Lutheran, uye baba vake - muRoma Catholic.

Muna 1906-1910 gg., Ndapedza chesekondari, akadzidza paChikoro Shredinger Ervin Gazenerlya F. uye F. S. Eksnera. At muduku aifarira mabasa Schopenhauer. Izvi inotsanangura aifarira uzivi, kusanganisira okumabvazuva, ruvara dzidziso uye maonero, Vedanta.

Service, muchato, basa muzvinafundo

Shredinger Ervin aiva atirari mupurisa munguva kubvira 1914 kusvika muna 1918. Muna 1920, Erwin akaroora. Nomudzimai wake vakava A. Bertel. mudzimai wake weramangwana akasangana muna Zeemahe kwezhizha 1913, apo kuedza rwaiitwa, kufanana mumhepo magetsi. Zvadaro, muna 1920, akava mudzidzi M. Wine, aishanda paYunivhesiti Jena. Kwapera gore, Shredinger Ervin akatanga kushanda Stuttgart, apo aiva neshamwari muzvinafundo. Papera chinguva, mune imwe 1921, akatamira Breslau, apo akanga atova purofesa zvizere. Muzhizha Erwin Schrödinger akatamira Zurich.

Upenyu Zurich

Life muguta kwave kuchibatsira chaizvo kuti musayendisiti. Chokwadi kuti kwete sayenzi rudo kupedzera nguva yavo Ervin Shredinger. Interesting zvinhu kubva musayendisiti hwomunhu zvinosanganisira chido chake Skiing nzendo uye pakukwira makomo gomo. Uye makomo pedyo, chero bedzi iye aine mukana wakanaka kugara Zurich. Uyezve, Schrödinger akakurukura navo ake Paulem Sherrerom, Peterom Debaem uye Germanom Veylem, aishanda pahofisi Zurich Polytechnic. izvi zvose vakabatsira kuti basa nesayenzi.

Zvisinei, nguva Erwin kupedzerwa Zurich, akanga pakukurirwa chirwere chakakomba muna 1921-22. The musayendisiti akarwara pulmonary tibhii, saka takapedza 9 months ari eSwiss Alps, ari uyai mutaundi Arosa. Pasinei neizvi, Zurich makore creatively akava kupfuura zvibereko nokuda Erwin. Zvakanga pano kuti akanyora mabasa ake wave Vanamakanika, izvo zvava chaiwo. Zvinozivikanwa kuti chaizvo Weil akamubatsira kukunda matambudziko kwemasvomhu nevatyairi Erwin Schrödinger.

Schrödinger mukana wokuti vanhu vanga

Muna 1926, Erwin yakabudiswa mumagazini sayenzi ndiyo nyaya inokosha zvikuru. It Aimiririrwa mukana wokuti vanhu vanga, tinoziva sezvo Schrödinger mukana wokuti vanhu vanga. Munyaya ino (Quantisierung Als Eigenwertproblem) rave richishandiswa toreva dambudziko hydrogen atomu. Narwo Schrödinger akatsanangura chakarondedzera kwayo. Nyaya iyi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha iri wefizikisi remakore rechi20. It Schrödinger nheyo pakutevedzera itsva zvesayenzi - wave Vanamakanika.

Kushanda University of Berlin

Mukurumbira, uyo akauya musayendisiti, akazarura nzira yake kuti zvakakurumbira University of Berlin. Erwin akava mumiriri nokuda chinzvimbo Purofesa yokungotaura Physics. This post akasunungurwa pashure Maks nepuranga pamudyandigere. Schrödinger, kukunda mubvunzo akabvuma. Akatora hofisi October 1, 1927.

In Berlin, Erwin akawana shamwari dzakafanana kumeso Alberta Eynshteyna, Max Planck, Max of Laue. Kutaurirana navo, Chokwadi, akafuridzirwa musayendisiti. Schrödinger University of Berlin akatungamirira hurukuro pamusoro wefizikisi, aiitisa misangano Physics Colloquium. Uyezve, aiitawo siyana hwesangano mabasa. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakawanda, Erwin akaramba oga. Izvi zvinoratidzwa ndangariro vaairarama, uyewo nokushayiwa ake vevaanodzidzisa.

Erwin akasiya Germany, Nobel Prize

Muna 1933, apo Hitler kutonga, akasiya University of Berlin Ervin Shredinger. Biography ake, sezvamunoona, huzere vakawanda kuyambuka. Panguva iyi musayendisiti kugona kuita zvimwe. Muzhizha 1937 wezera repakati nepakati Schrödinger, asina kuda kuzviisa hurumende itsva ndakasarudza kutamira. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ayo kurambwa Nazism Schrödinger haana akaratidza pachena. Haana kuda kupindira mune zvematongerwo enyika. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna Germany makore iwayo kuponesa apolitical aitenge.

Just panguva ino, Frederick Lindemann, mumwe yefizikisi British, akashanyira Germany. Akakoka Schrödinger kuwana basa panguva paUniversity of Oxford. Scientist, kuenda mu South Tyrol nokuda omuchirimo, haana kudzokera Berlin. Pamwe nomudzimai wake akasvika Oxford muna October 1933 achangofa vasvike Erwin vakadzidza pamusoro mubayiro Nobel Peace Prize (pamwe Paul Dirac).

Jobs in Oxford

Schrödinger muna Oxford aiva nhengo Magadharena College. Akanga asina dzidziso mabasa. Pamwe chete nevamwe vakawanda masayendisiti vanogamuchira Software inobva Imperial Chemical Industry kambani. Kunyange zvakadaro, aisagona kumbojaira kune vasingazivi nezvakapoteredza kuyunivhesiti. Chimwe zvikonzero - kushaya kupfungwa ane dzidzo, nezvatinovavarira zvikurukuru pamusoro zvetsika yebhaibheri uye nevanhu, kufarira wefizikisi ano. Zvakaita Schrödinger vanofunga kuti haana kukodzera yakakwirira muhoro uye chinzvimbo chakadaro. Chimwe zvinoumba kusagadzikana pakati musayendisiti kunonyanya evanhu upenyu, rakanga rizere chokungoitawo uye kokorodzano. Izvi constrains rusununguko Schrödinger, sezvo iye pachake akabvuma. izvi uye zvimwe zvinetso zvose, uyewo kuderedza mari chirongwa muna 1936 boka Erwin funga basa. Kamwe Schrödinger akashanyira Edinburgh, akasarudza kudzokera kumusha.

Homecoming

Mumatsutso 1936 musayendisiti vakatanga kushanda muna Graz University sezvo purofesa yokungotaura wefizikisi. Zvisinei, agare muAustria akanga pfupi. Muna March 1938, Anschluss akatora nyika ikashanduka chikamu Nazi Germany. Musayendisiti batsiro kubva Rector of University, akanyora tsamba rokuyananisa, achiratidza chido chake kushivirira hurumende itsva. Musi waMarch 30, rakabudiswa uye wakakonzera kusafarira pamusoro chikamu expatriate navo. Zvisinei, nezviyero izvi havana akabatsira Erwin. Pamusana political unreliability, akanga adzingwa pambiru inogarwa naye. Schrödinger pamutemo ziviso wakagamuchira August 1938

Rome uye Dublin

Scientist akaenda kuRoma, sezvo zvino yechiFascist Italy ndiye chete mamiriro umo panopindwa vhiza haisi kunodiwa (aigona kupa Erwin). Panguva ino Schrödinger okusava Eamon De Valera, Irish Prime Minister. Aiva yemasvomhu nokurovedza uye akasarudza akamisa muna muDublin, chikoro chitsva. De Valera zvakakuvuyisira nokuda Erwin wake, dzaifanoiswa visa, anovhura inoendesa Europe. Saka vakauya Oxford mumatsutso 1938. Chero bedzi sangano basa pakuvhurwa akatanga muDublin, Erwin akatora pfupi mumhanyi ari rinonzi Ghent, Belgium. This post iri mari achishandisa Franks Foundation.

Pano masayendisiti akawana Second World War. Kupindira De Valera akabatsira Erwin (uyo, mushure Anschluss kwainzi German mugari, kuti ndiye muvengi wenyika) kupfuura England. Akasvika guru Ireland, October 7, 1939

Shanda panguva muDublin Institute okupedzisira makore

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies yakanga pamutemo yakavhurwa June 1940, Erwin aiva Purofesa wokutanga yokungotaura Physics - mumwe pamatavi maviri okutanga. Uyezve, iye akagadzwa mukuru akatanga. Other mudonzvo, akazviratidza gare gare (pakati pavo W. Heitler, Yanoshi L. uye C. Lanczos, uyewo majaya yefizikisi zhinji), aigona akazvipira zvakakwana tsvakurudzo.

Erwin akatungamirira musangano, mharidzo, rakatanga kuchikoro yezhizha paInstitute, avo vakashanyira dzepamusorosoro yefizikisi muEurope. Huru yesayenzi kufarira Irish Schrödinger makore yaiva dzidziso regiravhiti, uyewo nyaya vavete panosangana sayenzi maviri - wefizikisi uye zvipenyu. Muna 1940-45 gg. uye kubvira 1949 kusvika 1956 musayendisiti aiva mukuru weboka yokungotaura Physics. Ipapo akasarudza kudzokera kunyika yokumusha kwavo, akatanga kushanda paUniversity Vienna purofesa yokungotaura wefizikisi. Pashure 2 years, musayendisiti, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga kazhinji achirwara, akasarudza kusiya.

Schrödinger akapedza makore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake muna Alpbach, Tyrol musha. The musayendisiti akafa nokuda kusembura kuti tibhii muchipatara kuti Vienna. Yaiva January 4, 1961 Alpbach akavigwa Erwin Schrödinger.

Schrödinger kuti katsi

Unofanira kunge akanzwa nezvokuvapo chiitiko ichi. Asi vanhu kure sainzi, kazhinji zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezvake. Tinofanirawo kutaura nezvazvo sechinhu chinokosha chaizvo uye zvinofadza chakawanikwa yakaitwa Ervin Shredinger.

"Schrödinger kuti katsi" - yakakurumbira pfungwa kuedza, iyo akabata Erwin. Scientist kurishandisa aida kuratidza kuti quantum Vanamakanika zvisakakwana, kana subatomic nezvimedu kubva yezwi macroscopic nehurongwa.

Article Erwin kurondedzera kuedza ichi akaonekwa 1935. Rinoshandiswa kutsanangura womuchato enzaniso, mumwe vangatoti, ari kutevedzera. The musayendisiti rinoti pane katsi uye bhokisi umo mune mashandiro dzine mugaba kuti uturu gasi uye radioactive mabhomba neerekitironi. Munguva kuedza, ivo parameters vanosarudzwa kuti disintegration zviri musimboti ane mukana 50% paawa kuitika. Kana rikawira voga, pamwe gasi mugaba achavhura uye katsi afa. Zvisinei, kana izvi zvikasaitika, mhuka achararama.

Zvakabuda kuedza

Saka, siya mhuka mubhokisi, mira awa, uye kumutsa mubvunzo kuti katsi mupenyu kana kwete? Maererano quantum Vanamakanika, mabhomba neerekitironi (saka mhuka) iri panguva imwe chete inoti zvose (quantum superposition). Kwegadziriro "katsi - chinoumba" pamberi pakuvhurwa bhokisi raiva 50% mukana mu "katsi afa, vakadonha chinoumba" uye ane mukana 50%, "katsi mupenyu, chinoumba haisi ipazwe." Zvakaratidza kuti mhuka iri mukati, panguva imwe chete uye kwete akafa.

Maererano ari Copenhagen dudziro, katsi vachava vachiri kana mupenyu kana akafa, pasina zvenguva inoti. Mamiriro kuora ari musimboti anosarudzwa, kwete kana bhokisi kuzarurwa, uye kana achipinda musimboti iri detector. Mushure rutapudzo pakati chinozunguzirwa basa iri iyi haina chokuita bhokisi nemunhu mucherechedzi (munhu), uye panozogadzirika foromani (detector).

Pano unonakidza kuedza inoitwa Ervin Shredinger. Rokuizarura zvakasimbisa kuti pakuzadzisa wefizikisi. In mhedziso, ndinoda kumbotipa mitsara miviri yaari:

• "Iyi - ndicho chete chinhu kuti haana magumo."
• "Ndiri kuenda kundorwa aibuda, asi kuerera mirayiridzo kuchinja."

Izvi paanopedzisa sumo yefizikisi guru ane zita - Erwin Schrödinger. Quotes, kumusoro, vanobvumira zvishoma kuzivisa nyika yake yomukati.