Chii default uye chii kutarisira kubva kwaari

Muna 1998, mumwe mutsva uye zvinotyisa shoko mashoko wokuRussia default. Chii icho chiri - vanonyatsoziva mashomanana, asi kuti hapana chakanaka havafaniri kutarisira uzivewo zvose nokuda default. Uye shoko kubva Chirungu default uye rinoreva kukundikana mitoro. Kana kuti, zviri kana chikwereti anoramba kubhadhara chikwereti chake kana mubereko payo.

Chaizvoizvo, pane zvitatu nokuda default. Uye uyo zvakaitika makore 14 apfuura, ndezvaiye wokutanga wavo, taura kana changamire default. Chiitiko ichi zvinozununguka kwazvo Russia uye kwakaita kuti zvakakomba zvoupfumi. Uye pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka kuti kwakatungamirira RF ichi. Zvino chikuru chikonzero chaiva populist upfumi wokuti Russia, uyewo yose piramidhi wehurumende kwenguva pfupi sungiro (GKO). Pakazosvika nguva Russian vakakwanisa chokuunganidza chihombe chikwereti paruzhinji, rave kunotangira kuparara upfumi Asia. The liquidity dambudziko uye kuwa muna dzakawanda chinokosha mitengo, waiva hwaro kunze kwenyika reRussia, zvakare, aiva chikonzero kuti vokuRussia pamusoro "nzira yakaoma" akadzidza chii default.

Migumisiro dambudziko iri yekudyidzana achinja kukura upfumi uye nyika yose. Gengi rawa zvinoshamisa. Kana defaulting kuti dhora akapa 6 rubles, nehafu gore, reshiyo izvi vakasvika 21 rubles muzana dhora. Uye zvakaita kuti kurasikirwa chivimbo chavagari, uye vanoita marudzi hurumende pachayo, kuRussia rwezvemabhengi hurongwa uye, chokwadi, kumarudzi mari. Chii default zvakanaka vakanzwisisa zhinji madiki uye mabhanga diki. Havana kugona kumira ndisingafungiri yakadaro uye "norugare" yaparadzwa. Uye yose munyika rwezvemabhengi maitiro akanga achipera kwemamwe mwedzi mitanhatu.

Asi zvikuru zvose kubva ehurumende ichi munyika vari kutambura zvizvarwa zvavo. Chii default nokuda zvatinosiita vanoshanda nesimba? Izvi chikuru kurasikirwa zvose basa mari. Asi ichi ndicho chete hafu dambudziko. Somugumisiro dambudziko, makambani vazhinji vakaoneka kusauka, umo vanhu ava vakashanda. Uye avo vakanga vasina kuvhara, achiri vakarega kubhadhara vashandi mubayiro. Vanhu vaifanira kutsvaka chero mukana dziwane mari chete kuti vapone. Handiti, mutengo zvinokosha hazvo kwakawedzera pamwe kukura dhora, ndiko 3-4 nguva. Uye kuti, naizvozvo, vakabatsira kuwedzera kwemhosva.

Zvadaro, muna 1998, Russia yakanga zvitatu kuti anongoerekana ari kuuya dambudziko. Unogona kudhinda mamwe rubles uye kuwisira nyika kupinda imwe ose mitengo. Asi hyperinflation okutanga '90s akanga asati akanganwa, uye saka hurumende haina akamboda kutora danho rakadaro. Munogonawo vanoramba kubhadhara dzimwe chikwereti. Asi pfungwa iyi kwainzi isingagamuchiriki. Saka, tinosarudza muchiitiko wechitatu kubva dambudziko, uye hurumende vakaramba kubhadhara epamba chikwereti (T-zvikwereti). Zvino tinoona chii default vokuRussia pachavo.

Munhoroondo yose upfumi nyika yaiva yakawanda ehurumende defaults. Uye chaiwo muenzaniso uyu ndiyo nyaya zvakaitika Edward III - King of England. Aiva 1327 vakaramba kubhadhara zvikwereti zviri nowakautangira kwayo, izvo zvakakomba chikwereti kubudikidza rokuItari vokubhengi. Uye muna 1650 Oliver Kromvel zvakaoma kuwana mari nokuti kukunda of Ireland. Zvino akapinda chikwereti kuna London-vapfumi, uyewo Mapurotesitenzi mazhinji kubva zvose pamusoro Europe. Pashure pokukunda yaakapikira uvabhadhare, uyewo vakuru uye varwi vehondo Irish ivhu. Asi idzi, Chokwadi, kwete zvakakwana zvachose. Uye apo vatorwa vanoita Cromwell akaziva kuti munhu default yakadaro. Akangoti "vakakanganwa" kubhadhara navo.

Uyewo, pfungwa imwe default rinoshandisirwa kwete chete pamwero wenyika. Somuenzaniso, yemakambani defaults - kusauka chinhu private kambani. A private default - zviri kana chinhu private anokwereta anoramba kana havagoni kubhadhara zvikwereti zvavo mukweretesi. Uyewo, mhando dzose defaults unogona kukamurwa makirasi maviri. Ndiwo default chaiyo, kureva, kukundikana zvakakwana akakwereta kubhadhara zvikwereti zvavo nezvatinenge nguva kana mune ramangwana, mune mamwe mazwi, kusauka chaiyo. Uye chii waishandiswa default? Ichi chiitiko apo akakweretesa ichiri ane mukana kuwana mari dzavo. Kureva anokwereta haakwanisi kubhadhara chikwereti iri nguva, asi pashure penguva achakwanisa kuzadzisa zvose zvinhu chesungano pakati anomukweretesa.