Kushandisa Ikozvino Yakajeka: mitemo uye zvisiri izvo

Kushandiswa kwemafomu akasiyana-siyana muChirungu kunowanzokonzera matambudziko, kunyanya kune avo vari kungotanga kudzidza mutauro. Kuziva nguva dzeChirungu kwakanakisisa kubva munyaya iri nyore - "Shandisa Izvo Zviripo". Chimwe chinowanzotarisana netsanangudzo ndechokuti Izvo Zvisingaoneki.

Formative affirmative form

Kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wepamusoro uye kushandiswa kwezviito muNhasi Zvinyorwa zviri nyore chaizvo kuyeuka. Muchikamu chekutanga uye chechipiri chevanhu. H., pamwe chete nevanhu vose pl. Nhamba yeshoko inoshandiswa isina kuchinjwa. Mumunhu wechitatu wemayuniti. Kuguma kwe-kana kana-kune kuwedzerwa. Mamwe mashoko ari mutafura:

Nzira yekuziva sei mumashoko ari mumunhu wechitatu wenhamba imwechete yekupedzisira -s yakawedzerwa, uye apo -es? Kuwedzerwa kwemagumo kunotevera musimboti iwoyo sekuumbwa kwezvizhinji. Kana izwi rinoguma mu -ch, -sh, -o, -s, -s, -x, ipapo-zvinodiwa. Mune mamwe mazwi ose - seanowanzoita, kungo--s.

Kana riri rechiito rokuti "kuva", kubatana kwaro kunopesana nechiyero chimwe.

Fomu rekuongorora

Kuumbwa kwemashoko ane mibvunzo inoitika nekubatsirwa neshoko rekubatsira kuita, rinoiswa pakutanga. Uyezve, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, zviito zvokuva, kuva nekumubvunza mazwi (chii, nguva, nei, etc.) inogona kushandiswa,

• Unoda mimhanzi yekare here? - Unofarira mimhanzi yekare here?
• Une chimwe chinhu chokuverenga here? "Une chimwe chinhu chekuverenga here?"
• Iwe uri mudzidzisi here? "Iwe uri mudzidzisi here?"
• Izwi iri rinorevei? "Iri rinorevei?"

Mutemo weexicon mumutongo unoramba usingashanduki: yekutanga ishoko rechibatsiro, rinoteverwa nenyaya uye zvakasara zvikamu.

Maitiro asina kunaka

Kurega kunoumbwa neshoko kuti uite, kuva kana kuti uite pamwe chete nechidimbu "kwete". Nyaya yacho inowanikwa munzvimbo yekutanga. Izvi zvinowanzoshandisa zvinyorwa zvisingaiti, hazviiti, hazvisi, hazvisi, hazvina, hazvina.

• Haafariri mimhanzi yakadaro. - Haafariri mimhanzi iyi.
• Haasi pianist. "Haasi pianist."
• Handina chekureva. "Hapana chandingataura."

Kubvunzurudza-zvisina mafomu

Mumutauro weRussia, zvivakwa zvakadaro zvinoshandiswa nemhando dzakadai se "anoita" uye "chaizvo".

• Handizivi here? "Handizivi here?"
• Sei iwe usingati utaure chokwadi? "Sei iwe usingati utaure chokwadi?"

Mukutaurirana kwakasiyana, zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinogonawo kushandiswa: hazviiti, hazviiti, hazvo, uye vamwe.

A Passive Voice

Mitemo iri pamusoro apa yekuumbwa kwezvirevo zvine chokuita nezwi chaiyo (Inzwi rinoita). Panewo izwi risingaiti (Passive voice), iro rinenge rinotungamirirwa munyaya. Funga nezvetafura inotevera uye kushandiswa kweNyore Zvisina Kuisa hakuzokonzeri matambudziko.

Kuenzanisa maitiro echokwadi chaiwo uye asingatauri munguva yemazuva isingazivikanwi:

Muchiitiko chezviito zvisina kufanira, munhu anofanirwa kufunga nezvehutano hwekushanda kwavo uye agadzirise fomu inoda kudiwa (Kare Kupindira kubva kubva mumutsetse wechitatu we tafura yezviito zvisingaiti).

• Basa iri rakaitwa zvakanaka. - Basa iri rakaitwa zvakanaka.
• Mabhuku akawanda akanyorwa gore negore. - Gore rimwe nerimwe mabhuku mazhinji akanyorwa.
• Maruva angu anonwisa zuva nezuva. "Maruva angu anonwisa zuva nezuva."

Sezvo mutemo, chibvumirano chekusimbisa chinoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo chiito kana chiitiko chinonyanya kukosha kudarika mutambi. Kana iwe uchida kutsanangurira mutambi kana chimbo kana chiito chekuita, zvinyorwa zvese uye pamwe zvinoshandiswa . Mutauro weRussia unoshandurirwa uchishandisa chiitiko chekubatsira.

• Ichi chingwa chakabikwa neni. - Ichi chingwa chakabikwa neni.
• Mufananidzo uyu wakavezwa nebharuki inokosha. - Mufananidzo uyu wakavezwa nebharoshi yakakosha.

Mhosva dzekushandisa Iyezvino Zvishamiso nemuenzaniso

Ikozvino nguva isingazivikanwi inyaya yakawanda kwazvo. Chirongwa chechirongwa chemashoko hachina kunyatsonzwisisika, asi kuwanda kwekushandisa fomu iyi nguva kunofanira kuongororwa zvakadzama.

Kune mitemo umo maitiro epo Ino Indefin anoshandiswa:

1. Zvinyatsozivikanwe, mitemo yezvisikwa, chokwadi chisingatauriki.
   - Maji emvura pa100 degrees centigrade. - Maji emvura pa100 degrees Celsius.
   - Zvizhinji zvenhiri dzinobhururuka dzienda kune dzimwe nyika dzinodziya kwechando. "Nyama dzakawanda dzinobhururuka dzichienda kunotonhora nzvimbo."
   - Harare ndiro guta guru reZimbabwe. Harare ndiyo guta guru reZimbabwe.
   
2. Phenomena iyo inenge iripo nguva dzose kana kuchinja zvishoma.
   - Ndine makore makumi maviri. - Ndine makore makumi maviri.
   - Ann ndiye mutambi wemhepo. - Ana anonyanya kuimba.
3. Phenomena uye zviitiko, nguva dzose.
   - Anomhanya mangwanani oga oga mupaki. "Anomhanya mangwanani oga oga mupaki."
   - Ndaverenga nyaya dzechenikisi zuva rimwe nerimwe. - Ndaverenga nyaya dzechenikisi zuva rimwe nerimwe.
4. Chiitiko chezviito, chimwe nechimwe. Kazhinji mazwi anoshandiswa: pakutanga, pakutanga, pakutanga, saka, zvino, mberi, shure.
   - Pakutanga anouya kuhofisi, anotarisa netsamba idzodzo ozotanga kushanda. - Chokutanga anouya kuhofisi, anotarisa netsamba itsva, uye anotanga kushanda.
5. Muchikamu chemukati memutsara (chiitiko kana nguva). Mashoko aya anoshandiswa: kana (kana), asati (mberi, asati), apo (apo).
   - Kana ndikawana bhuku rinofadza, ndichakupa iyo. "Kana ndikawana bhuku rinofadza, ini ndichakupa iyo."
6. Kazhinji, kushandiswa kweNyika Yakadzika kunogona kuwanikwa mukutsanangura zviitiko zviri kuuya zvine chokuita nenguva yemberi. Kazhinji, kana iri mubvunzo wechiitiko chimwe chete chinouya, chakarongwa mberi. Izvi zvinoshandisa mazwi anoratidza nguva yemberi mune ramangwana, yakadai semazuva, vhiki inotevera, muvhiki (ino vhiki). Vhesi yekufambisa inowanzoshandiswa mumitsara yakadaro.
   - Shamwari yangu inouya mwedzi unotevera. "Shamwari yangu iri kuuya mwedzi unotevera."
   Mumutauro weRussia kune analogue yekugadzira iyi. Somuenzaniso: "Hanzvadzi yangu Anna ari kusiya mangwana manheru."
7. Tsanangudzo yezviito kana zviitiko zvinowanzoitika panguva yekurondedzera, achishandisa mazita asina kushandiswa mukuenderera mberi. Izvi zvinosanganisira mazwi anotsanangura mafungiro emamiriro ezvinhu (se-seanoda, anosarudza - anoda, anoda), pfungwa yekufunga (kuziva - kuziva, kuziva, mafungiro, zvinhu, zvinhu, kunzwa Ona-ona, kunhuwa-kunhuhwirira kwekunhuhwirira). - Ndinoona motokari iri kure. - Ndinoona motokari iri kure.
   - Ndinokunzwisisa iwe. "Ndinokunzwisisa iwe."

Kufananidza maitiro ezvishoma uye nguva yakareba yemazuva ano

Kushandiswa kweZvive Zvakare uye Zvino Kuenderera mberi ndeimwe yezvinyanya kukosha nyaya dzeChirungu, sezvinoitwa mukutaurirana maitiro aya echinguva kazhinji anowanzosangana nawo. Kune humwe husiyana, iyo inokosha iyo isiri nguva dzose kana inoshandurwa muchiRussia.

Semuenzaniso: nzira yekushandura sei mutsara uri nyore "Ndiri kudzidza"? Kune nzira mbiri muChirungu:

• Ndinodzidza. - Kushandiswa kweNyore Nyore munyaya iyi kunoreva kushanda kwechiito zvachose. Zvichida, mukurukuri anotaura kuti akadzidziswa mune imwe nzvimbo yezvidzidzo kana ari kushanda pakudzidza mubvunzo kwenguva yakareba.
• Ndiri kudzidza. - Mutongo wacho wakanyorwa muNet Continuous, iyo inoratidza kushanda kwechiito panguva yekutaura. Zvichida, mukurukuri ari kushingaira kudzidza iye zvino.

Chimwe chezviitiko zvinowanzowedzera kushandiswa kwemazuva mazhinji ndezvokutaura kwechimiro chisina kujairika kana chimiro. Somuenzaniso:

• Ari kuva nomutsa nhasi. - Nhasi anozvibata zvakanyanyisa (kunyange kazhinji zvisingawanzoiti kuti aite seizvi).
• Mukoma wake ane mutsa zvikuru. - Mukoma wake anoremekedza (nguva dzose).

Mukuwedzera kune mitemo, teererawo kune mazwi anoshandiswa munguva dzakasiyana. Vachabatsira kuti vaone fomu yaidikanwa.

Kudzidzira nemhinduro

Chero zvinyorwa zvedzidziso zvinofanira kushandiswa mukuita. Nzira yakanakisisa ndeyokuita maitiro ekushandura kubva mururimi rweamai kuenda kuChirungu. Iyi nzira yekushanda inokubvumira kuti uone zvikanganiso muzivo uye unzwisise kukanganisa kwako pachako. Mukuwedzera pakudzidza mitemo yemagiramu, kupedzisa zvikamu zvichakubatsirawo kudzidza ruzivo rutsva, kuwedzera mazwi ako anoshingaira, uye kuita zvinyorwa zvako zvakanyorwa uye zvinotaurwa. Mushure mokunge makashanda kuburikidza nekurovedza kwakasiyana-siyana, kushandiswa kweNzvimbo Tsvaga hakuzokonzeri matambudziko.

Basa 1: Shandisa muchiShona.

1. Unotenda kuna Mwari here?
2. Handizvo?
3. Mutambo uchaitwa rini?
4. Unofarira guta rino here?

Basa rechipiri: Isa chirevo chisina kuwanikwa mune fomu yaunoda (uchishandisa shoko iri pakati pevana):

1. Kangani ... baba vako vari kutamba tennis? (Izvo). - Baba venyu vari kutamba tennis kakawanda sei?
2. Zuva ... kumabvazuva (simuka). - Zuva rinobuda kumabvazuva.
3. Iye ... kubva kuU.SA mangwana (uya). - Anobva kuU.SA mangwana.
4. Kana achida mari, sei ... basa? (Rega, kwete, kuwana) - Kana achida mari, sei asingawani basa?
5. Makate ... mice (kubata). - Makati anobata mice.

Mhinduro 1:

1. Unotenda kuna Mwari here?
2. Ndiri kukanganisa here?
3. Mutambo wacho unobve rini?
4. Unofarira guta rino here?

Mhinduro 2:

1. Zvinodaro;
2. Rises;
3. Anouya;
4. Haasi iye anowana;
5. Catch.

Mukuwedzera pakupedza zvikamu, unogonawo kusimbisa zvinhu zvawakadzidza nekunyora mitsara yako, mazano nemagwaro. Chero chero chirevo chechirongwa cheChirungu, kushandiswa kwekare, ikozvino chiri nyore kana chichienderera mberi, chichave chakanaka chichionekwa nezvidzidzo zvakakwana nezvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvinoshanda. Mukuwedzera pakunzwisisa nekuyeuka, zvakare zvakakosha zvikuru kuunza kune automatism kushandiswa kwemamwe mapepa emagetsi, mazwi akanyorwa uye ma grammatical formula.