Kukombwa Leningrad: dzinonakidza chokwadi. mazuva 900 pakati kukombwa Leningrad

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinosuwisa mapeji Great Patriotic War ichaongororwa ari blockade pakati Leningrad. History akachengetedza yakawanda umboo kuti bvunzo iyi upenyu vanotyisa pakati guta riri Neva. Leningrad akanga akapoteredzwa yechiFascist nechisimba mazuva anenge 900 (September 8, 1941 kusvika January 27, 1944). Pakati maviri nehafu mamiriyoni vanhu vaigara kuchamhembe guru pamberi hondo, panguva blockade chete nenzara vanopfuura 600 000 vanhu, mumwe makumi ezviuru shoma zviuru vagari vakaurayiwa kubhomba. Pasinei unopfuurira kwezvokudya, zvakanyanyisa chando, kushaya kupisa uye magetsi, Leningrad noushingi akapikisa yakakuwandira Nazi uye havana kupa muvengi guta.

Pamusoro rakakombwa guta kuburikidza emakore

Muna 2014 Russia wokupemberera 70 gore yokukombwa Leningrad. Nhasi, ari emakore mashoma apfuura, vanhu Russian anokudza zvikuru Feat vanogaramo yeguta iri Neva. About kukombwa Leningrad zvakanyorwa zvakawanda mabhuku, filmed yakawanda anonzi uye chinhu mafirimu. Pamusoro umhare kudzivirira guta taura vechikoro uye vadzidzi. To nani kuona nzvimbo nevanhu vanozviwana rakombwa yechiFascist mauto Leningrad, isu zano iwe uzive zviitiko nechokuita deposition ake.

Kukombwa Leningrad: dzinonakidza chokwadi pamusoro kukosha guta nechisimba

Akakunda nyika Soviet kubva vaNazi hwakagadzirirwa Barbarossa urongwa. Maererano vaNazi vakaronga mishoma kuti ndiwane European chikamu USSR. Guta riri Neva River munguva rokurwa Soviet Union akaita basa rinokosha, nekuti Hitler akafunga kuti kana Moscow - moyo nyika, zvino Leningrad - mweya wayo. The Führer aiva nechokwadi chokuti paakangoridza kuchamhembe guta vachawira pasi yakakuwandira Germany hwechiFascist mauto, kurwa mweya guru ehurumende simba, uye ipapo achava zvinogoneka nyore kukunda.

Pasinei nemishonga revarwi dzedu, vanhu vokuGermany vakakwanisa yekudyidzana kufamba munyika uye vakombe guta riri Neva River kubva kumativi ose. September 8, 1941 akaburuka munhau sezvo pazuva kukombwa Leningrad rokutanga. Ndipo apo nyika yose migwagwa muguta vakabayiwa, uye akanga akapoteredzwa nomuvengi. Daily Leningrad akanga pasi kutokonora, asi haana kukanda mapfumo pasi.

Northern Capital ari mhete rakakombwa mazuva anenge 900. Munhoroondo vanhu, raiva refu uye rinotyisa kukomba guta. Pasinei chokwadi kuti pamberi kutanga blockade vanogaramo akabviswa Leningrad, hakungazovipo vakawanda vemunyika. Mugove vanhu ava akawira kutambura inotyisa, uye kwete vose akakwanisa kupukunyuka kusvikira kusunungurwa chizvarwa guta rake.

kutyisa nzara

Kugara parinouya - hazvisi chinhu chakaipa kuti rabva kuburikidza Leningrad munguva yehondo. Kumucheto zvigadzirwa muguta rakakombwa haana kukwana, uye izvi zvakaita kuti enzara. Kutenga zvokudya nezvimwe namagariro chaitadzisa blockade kuti Leningrad. Interesting zvinhu vakasiya vagari iyi: vomunzvimbo wakawira kufenda nzara ari mumugwagwa, kudya vanhu hazvishamisi. Panopera zuva vachiwedzera yakanyorwa nzufu kubva nenzara, zvitunha avete mumigwagwa, uye kwakange kusina munhu kuchenesa.

Sezvo kutanga blockade pakati Leningrad akatanga nekuita kadhi rokugoverwa, paunogona kuwana chingwa. Sezvo October 1941 nezuva chingwa govera vashandi raiva 400 g pa munhu uye vana pasi makore 12, paanofa uye vashandi - 200 d Asi hazvina kuponesa vagari nenzara. Food mumatanda vakaramba nokukurumidza, uye vakanga pedyo November 1941 mugove zuva nezuva chingwa anomanikidzwa kuderedzwa kuti magiramu 250 vashandi uye anosvika 125 magiramu mamwe Mapato vemunyika. Nokuda kwokushayiwa furawa akanga pakati kunze inedible netsvina, zvakanga dema uye unovava. Vanhu Leningrad haana kunyunyuta, nokuti kwavari chimedu chingwa ndiye chete kutiza rufu. Asi nzara haina rwakatora mazuva 900 pakati kukombwa Leningrad. Nechekare kumavambo 1942, nezuva kwomugove chingwa akakwira, iye akatonyanya Qualitative. In pemwedzi February 1942 vagari veguta iri Neva River kokutanga mutemo pokunamatidza muchando mutton uye nyama. Zvishoma nezvishoma, zvokudya ezvinhu kuchamhembe guru akakwanisa kudzikamisa.

anomalous chando

Asi kwete chete kurangarira vomuguta nzara blockade kuti Leningrad. Nhoroondo anosanganisira kuti wechando 1941-1942 zvisiriizvo kuchitonhora. Frosts muguta vaiva October kusvika April uye vakanga vakasimba zvikuru pane mumakore apfuura. Mune dzimwe mwedzi, kuti lämpömittari wakawira -32 inegumi. Kuwedzerwa zvinhu inoremerwa rakanaya chando; muna April 1942, kureba kufamba kwemhepo akanga masendimita 53.

Pasinei chando zvisinganzwisisiki chando, nokuda kushaya mafuta muguta vakatadza kumhanya nechepakati kudziyisa, pakanga pasina magetsi, mvura yaivakwanira akabviswa. To zvimwe inodziya kwedzimba, Leningrad akashandisa chitofu-Stoves: Vakapisa zvose aigona kupisa - mabhuku, mamvemve, akwegura fanicha. Vachaonda nenzara, vanhu havagoni vamire chando uye akafa. Uwandu vagari vakafa nokuneta uye chando, pakazopera February 1942 vanopfuura zviuru 200 vanhu.

Maererano "mugwagwa youpenyu" uye upenyu rakapoteredzwa nomuvengi

Kusvikira paiva wakakwana kusukwa kukombwa Leningrad, nzira bedzi iyo anobviswa uye kusvitsa guta raiva Ladoga. Sezvazvakanyorwamo, chando zvifambiswe Marori uye pagadzirwe ngoro, uye yechirimo kumativi wachi akaenda chikepe. Yakamanikana, haisi kudzivirirwa zvemuchadenga bombardment, ndiye chete kubatana nenyika yose rakakombwa Leningrad. The veko rinonzi Lake Ladoga "nzira youpenyu", nekuti kana hazvina, vaNazi vakaurayiwa kwaizova disproportionately.

Makore anenge matatu kwakatora kukombwa Leningrad. Interesting chokwadi ichi nguva zvinoratidza kuti, pasinei mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma mune upenyu guta vakaenda. In Leningrad, kunyange panguva yenzara ikabereka uto zvokushandisa, dzemitambo uye mamiziyamu akazarurwa. The morale wezvizvarwa dzakatsigira vanyori akakurumbira uye vadetembi, anogara anooneka paredhiyo. By wechando 1942-1943 mamiriro ezvinhu kuchamhembe guta asina yakaoma sepakutanga. Pasinei dzose kubhomba, upenyu kudzikamiswa Leningrad. Chichiwanikwa mafekitari, zvikoro, dzemitambo, dzokugezera, akakwanisa kudzosera mvura, guta akatanga kuenda mabhazi.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro Cathedral St. Isaka uye katsi

Pazuva rokupedzisira kukombwa Leningrad, akanga pasi dzose kutokonora. Anoshongwa, bulldoze zvivako zvakawanda muguta, bato overflew Cathedral St. kwaIsaka. Hazvizivikanwi sei vokuGermany havana kubata chivako. Pane dzidziso kuti akarishandisa refu ainge akamonererwa sokunoratidza pfungwa nokuda kutokonora muguta. The zimba pamusoro Cathedral of Leningrad aiva dzigare mairi zvinokosha Museum zvidimbu, kuitira kuti achengetedze sanganisika kusvikira pakuguma hondo.

Kwete chete vaNazi vaiva nedambudziko zvizvarwa, akazosvika kusvikira blockade kuti Leningrad. Interesting zvinoratidza kuti ari kuchamhembe guta guru kuwanda kurambana makonzo. Vakaparadza avo shomanana chikafu mumatanda aiva muguta. Kuti aponese vanhu Leningrad kubva nenzara, iye ari "mugwagwa woupenyu" kubva Yaroslavl nharaunda yakanga ferried 4 motokari zvikanganiswe katsi, vaiona yakanakisisa gonzo-catchers. Animals zvakakwana yakakunda kwavo basa uye zvishoma nezvishoma akaparadza nemakonzo, wokununura vanhu kubva inotevera nzara.

Kununurwa muguta kubva mauto muvengi

Leningrad, kusunungurwa Nazi blockade yakaitika January 27, 1944. Mauto Soviet pashure rwemavhiki maviri tsamwisa akakwanisa kukanda vaNazi kubva muguta. Asi, pasinei pokukundwa zvisingaiti vachiri pamusoro hafu kunokurumidziswa woKumusoro guru. Pakupedzisira, kusunda muvengi kubva guta zvaiita chete pashure Vyborg uye Svir-Petrozavodsk Kurwisa akavhiyiwa ichiitwa nemauto eSoviet muzhizha 1944.

Kuyeukwa kukombwa Leningrad

Musi waJanuary 27, Russia anopemberera zuva apo paiva kubviswa yakazara blockade pakati Leningrad. In ichi risingakanganwiki musi munyika vatungamiriri, chechi vashumiri uye vagari vanhuwo vanouya Piskarevskoe kumakuva muSt Petersburg, apo mune vakawanda makuva nhema dzasara ezviuru Leningrad vakafa nokuziya nenzara uye kutokonora. mazuva 900 kubva blockade pakati Leningrad nokusingaperi kuva dema peji munyika nhoroondo, uye achakuyeuchidzai vanhu utsinye mhosva Fascism.