Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi: nhoroondo, kushanda, kugamuchira

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha munhoroondo yepasi ndeyekugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Ndizvo kuwanikwa uku kunobatsira kukura mararamiro edu kusvikira nhasi. Magetsi ndeimwe yemhando dzakasununguka dzemhando dzesimba. Ndiani anoziva kuwanikwa kwechiitiko ichi? Magetsi anogamuchirwa sei uye anoshandiswa sei? Zvinokwanisika here kugadzira galvanic cell pachayo?

Nhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwenguva pfupi

Magetsi akawanikwa akare kure nezana remakore rekutanga BC kuburikidza nemuzivi wekare wechiGiriki Thales. Akaona kuti bvudzi rekumber rinoputirwa nemvere dzemakwai rinogona kukwevera zvinhu zviduku.

Kunyange zvakadaro, kuedza kukuru kwemagetsi kunotanga munguva yerumutsiriro muEurope. Muna 1650 Magdeburg burgomaster von Guericke akavaka kusungira magetsi. Muna 1729, Stephen Gray akapiwa ruzivo rwekutumira magetsi emagetsi . Muna 1747, Benjamin Franklin akabudisa nyaya apo zvose zvakazivikanwa pamusoro pemagetsi zvakaunganidzwa uye zvidzidzo zvitsva zvakaiswa mberi. Muna 1785 mutemo weCoulomb wakawanikwa.

Gore ra1800 raiva rekushanduka-shanduka: muItaly Volt inoshandisa dhi rekutanga magetsi. Muna 1820 muDenmark scientist Oersted akawana kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwezvinhu. Gore rakatevera, Amper akawana kuti magnetic field yakasikwa nemagetsi emagetsi, asi kwete maitiro emagetsi.

Vatsvakurudzi vakadai seGauss, Joule, Lenz, Om vakaita basa rinokosha pakugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Gore ra1830 rakavawo rinokosha, nokuti Gauss akatanga nheyo yesimba remagetsi. Izvo zvinoshamisa zvemagetsi emagetsi ekugadziriswa uye kukurudzirwa kwemotokari inoshanda parizvino ndeyeMichael Faraday.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19, kuongorora kwemagetsi kwakaitwa nevasayendisiti vazhinji, kusanganisira Pierre Curie, Lachinov, Hertz, Thomson, Rutherford. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 nheyo ye quantum electrodynamics yakabuda.

Electricity in nature

Kuwana nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwakaitika kwenguva refu. Zvisinei, pakutanga zvakatendwa kuti mune zvakasikwa hazvisipo zvachose. Asi America Franklin yakaona kuti chiitiko chakadai, semheni, chaicho chiri chemagetsi muzvisikwa. Kwenguva yakareba pfungwa yake yekuona yakarambwa nesangano rezvesayenzi.

Magetsi anonyanya kukosha muzvisikwa. Masayendisiti akawanda anotenda kuti nemhaka yemheni inopera, iko kwemaimino acids yakazadzika, semugumisiro wehupenyu hwepasi pano hwakaberekwa. Pasina manzwiro emagunha, kushanda kwechimiro chemhuka chero ipi zvayo hakugoneki. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisikwa zvemvura zvinoshandisa magetsi senzira yekudzivirirwa, kurwisa, kutarisa munzvimbo uye kutsvaga zvokudya.

Kuwana magetsi

Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwave kwakakanganisa kufambira mberi kwesayenzi nekwenyanzvi. Kuita magetsi, simba rekugadzira rakasikwa kwemakumi emakore akawanda. Electricity yakasikwa nemubatsiri wegenerator, uye inotapurirwa kuburikidza nemagetsi emagetsi. Nheyo yekusika yazvino ndeyokushandura simba remagetsi mumagetsi emagetsi. Masimba emagetsi anogoverwa mumhando dzinotevera:

• Atomic;
• Mhepo;
• Hydropower;
• Tidal uye rakanaka;
• Solar;
• Thermal.

Kushandisa magetsi

Kugadzirwa kwemagetsi nekodzero ndiko kukuru kunowanikwa, nokuti pasina iyo, hupenyu hwemazuva ano hunenge husingaiti. Inowanikwa munenge misha yese uye inoshandiswa pakuvhenekera, kugoverana kwemashoko, kubika, kupisa, nekushanda kwemidziyo yemumba. Electricity inofanirwawo nekufambisa kwetrams, trolleybuses, subways, magetsi. Basa rekombiyuta, foni haigoneki pasina magetsi.

Chido chokuziva

Icho chinoratidza kuti galvanic cell inogona kugadzirwa zvakasununguka, uye izvi zvinoitwa zvakangoita. Iyi nzira yakazozivikanwa mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20.

Kutanga iwe unoda kutema lemon pakati nepeni rakapinza. Icho chisingadikanwi zvachose kubvisa kana kubvarura zvikamu pakati pemakirules. Mushure meizvi, unofanirwa kubatanidza kune rimwe nerimwe, uyewo, chiduku chetambo, anenge 2 masentimita muhukuru. Mitsara inofanira kusiyanisa pakati pemhangura neyinc wires. Zvadaro magumo emadziro anoputika anofanira kunge akabatanidzwa munhepfenyuro nematare esimbi ane zviduku zvishoma. Nenzira iyi unogona kuwana bhatiri. Nzira yekuongorora kana inoshanda? Kuti uite izvi, iwe unokwanisa kuenzanisa gumbo nemhepo.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvakawanikwa munhoroondo yevanhu ndechokugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Zuva rekuwanikwa hazvizivikanwe chaizvo. Zvisinei, kuedza kwakatangwa nemudzidzi wekare wechiGiriki Thales. Iko kushandiswa kwekushanda kwemagetsi kwakatanga panguva yeRenaissance. Pasina iyo, basa rehupenyu chero hupi zvayo hazvibviri. Nhasi, pasina chiitiko ichi, isu hatigoni kufungidzira upenyu hwedu. Vanhu vave vachidzidza kwenguva refu kugamuchira, kutengesa nekushandisa magetsi.