The electrostatic munda nokuchengeta chikwata

Munzanga pane kufanana nevechiduku kuti nyaya yacho inogona kunzi ari kuti kwete chete ariko, asi vanooneka. Kudavira uku ndiko chete pamwe wechokwadi. Rimwe pachena mienzaniso nyaya asingaoneki - the electrostatic munda. Magnetic uye dzemagetsi minda - iri rinokosha mhando. Izvi nyore zvokuti nechokwadi kana isu funga electrostatic munda wayo unhu.

Kare muna 1785 Sh Coulomb wawanikwa uye akaratidza mutemo simba nekuita pfungwa nemiviri maviri dzemagetsi mhosva. Zvisinei, yakaramba kujeka sei matambudziko ari inoparadzirwa. A dzakatevedzana kuedza akanga akatakurwa achibudiswa kunze, kunyanya apo mhosva vakaiswa vacuüm it. Mutemo kuchengetwa. Izvi zvairatidza kuti yenguva dzose inoshandiswa pakutsigira mhoteredzo harudikanwi simba hutachiwana. Naizvozvo J. Maxwell (kwakavakirwa basa Faraday) wakavhurwa electrostatic munda mu vacuüm it. Zvakaitika kuti munda dzose ose mhosva, pasinei norudzi kwezvakatipoteredza uye nechokwadi dzaitsigira.

Sezvo zvinhu munda, izvozvo "riri pasi" Einstein kuti Masvomhu uye anoparadzira kumhanya chiedza. Zita electrostatic munda inotengwa nemhaka yokuti maitire yakatarwa mhosva ( "kunofambira mberi" - rugare, maererano). Simba akawana pendant inonzi yemagetsi. Anorondedzera kunyatsoita izvo munda chiito nokuchengeta vachipinda nayo.

Mumwe zvatariswa vapiwe parutivi electrostatic munda - chiri makakatanwa. Inoratidza mwero nekuita pfungwa mhosva. Nokuti kudzidza akashandisa anonzi bvunzo mutariri, pakatanga iyo mumunda asingadi kukanganisa rekupedzisira. Kazhinji rakundwa sezvo akaenzana 1,6 x 10 kusvika simba -19 Coulomb. Kana voltage anonzi «E», tinowana:

E = F / Q,

apo F - simba, chiito pamusoro chikwata mutariri Q (semuenzaniso, bvunzo). Uchishandisa Masvomhu nokuti Coulomb mutemo zvinoda mainstreaming uye kusanganisa coefficient pakati ari dielectric kuramba ari svikiro.

The electrostatic munda rinoshandisirwa chero nhamba mhosva, saka pane kunzwisisa nyika mukukurukurirana. Makakatanwa hurongwa anogona kunzi maererano superposition, saka mambure mugumisiro N-nhamba mhosva ndiye Vector uwandu zvose munda nesimba. Sezvineiwo, shoko rokuti "mutsetse kuchinyanya" (shoko, anozivikanwa kubva School Course Physics) yakatanga nokuda Faraday, iyo schematically vanoratidzwa munda mitsetse, nechimwe zvemasanga nguva coinciding pamwe vectors ari electrostatic munda. Nokudaro, vazhinji mitsetse zvakadai, akasimba simba chiito. Kusiyana remagetsi minda hadzina akavharwa electrostatics mutsetse makakatanwa. Uyewo kucherechedza ndechokuti simbi (uye vamwe conductive zvinhu) nokuda munda simba is oppositely rinotungamirirwa chiito munda rusununguko muripo vatakuri zviri sekristaro zvakachinjikwa mamiriro. Kutaura zvazviri, simba nokukurumidza equalized, hakuna kuitika uye mutsetse makakatanwa ari waya haagoni pinda.

Uyezve Vector kwazvo, munda inogona inotsanangurwa scalar tsika akatorwa nechimwe (akakodzera nyaya) pfungwa. The electrostatic rine vakati tsika zvaizobatsira munda. Tinogona kutaura kuti rinoenderana dzingangoitika simba nokuda chete akanaka mutariri chero imwe pfungwa kukwirira kwenzwi. Nokudaro, chimwe chinhu volts. Pakutsvaga zvinogona simba dzavanofanira kuchengeta reshiyo Q-muedzo nokukura kwayo, i.e. W / Q-bvunzo.

Sam ndiye zvinogona izvo kuti electrostatic munda simba, unomutsa basa kubva imwe pfungwa kuenda kune imwe, kusaverengeka.