Kuchinja Party: Vatungamiri chirongwa. Kuchinja Party of kwezana remakore rechi20 Russia

Maererano echimurenga zvakaitika 1905 yakabereka vanenge makumi mashanu ezvematongwerwe enyika mu Russia - uye shtetl, uye makuru, ane richikurukura masero munyika. Vanogona kunzi zvitatu - the kukuru echimurenga-gutsaruzhinji, norupo uye monarchist kupikiswa weConservative Party kweRussia. On yokupedzisira pasi uye ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Muitiro pakusika batch

Kare, vagoronga siyana ezvematongerwo enyika, pane chaiwo hurongwa. First akaumba rinopikisa kuruboshwe-bapiro mapati. Panguva yaifamba 1905, ndiko kuti, pashure nokusaina yaOctober Manifesto, akaumba centrist mapato mazhinji tibatane, kazhinji kacho, kuti vakadzidza.

Uye pakupedzisira, ndine pavakanzwa Manifesto vaiva kurudyi - monarchical uye kuchinja kumapati mu Russia. Interesting chokwadi: mapato izvi zvose anyangarika enhoroondo rwemichinjiko nekwekupedzesera: rworudyi akamboda February chimurenga, ipapo October Revolution chakagumisa centrists. Uye vazhinji mapato kuruboshwe akabatanidzwa pamwechete Bolsheviks kana emauto akadzingwa mabasa ari 20s, apo takatanga zvekuratidza nemiedzo madzishe avo.

List nevatungamiriri

Kuchinja bato - hapana - haana aifanira kurarama 1917. Vakanga vakaberekerwa dzakasiyana uye akafa anenge panguva imwe chete. Kuchinja Party "gungano Russian" zvakavapo refu kupfuura vamwe, nokuti yakatangwa ambotaurwa - muna 1900. On nayo ichakurukurwa pazasi zvizere.

Kuchinja Party "Union Vanhu Russian" rakaumbwa muna 1905, vatungamiriri - Dubrovin uye kubvira 1912 - Markov. "Union vevanhu Russian" aivapo kubva 1905 kusvika 1911, ipapo kusvikira 1917 evasingatombonamati chepamutemo. VA Gringmut Uyewo 1905 akavamba Russian Monarchist Party, izvo akazova "Russian Monarchist Union".

In highborn vanokudzwa, zvakare, akanga kwake kuchinja bato - "United kwamachinda", makasimbiswa muna 1906. Famous Russian vanhu Union, zita Mikaeri Ngirozi Huru akatungamirira VM Purishkevich. The national-kuchinja bato "Russian National Union" yakanyangarika kare muna 1912, zvakanga akatungamirira Balashov uye Shulgin.

The Bato yakapera zvine mwero kodzero zviripo 1910. "All-Russian Union Dubrovinskaya vanhu Russian" vaigona aumbwa chete muna 1912. Kunyange pashure weConservative Party "Domestic nyika pamwe" vatungamiriri Orlov akasikwa 1915. Skvortsov uye A. I. Guchkov raunganidza "Union of nemanomwe Gumiguru" muna 1906 (zvakafanana Octobrists). Ndizvo pamusoro ose makuru kuchinja mapato ari Russia mukutanga remakore rechi20.

"Ungano Russian"

St. Petersburg akava nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of PC - "gungano Russian" muna November 1900. Nyanduri Kuchibhotla Velichko mune nhete denderedzwa chema ndechokuti nguva dzose nematambudziko kujeka, asi zvakajeka ouprofita zvakaratidzwa sei Russia vanobata vamwe mauto rima. Iye zvinganaka kusika munharaunda wokuRussia vanhu vakagadzirira kurwisa denda ramangwana mhando. Ndiwo kuti PC Party akatanga - akanaka uye nyika. Nechekare muna January 1901, akanga agadzirira bumbiro RS uye akasarudzwa utungamiri. Mumashoko dzakaitika A. Stepanov pamusangano wokutanga, Black Zana sangano raivapo.

Chero bedzi haina kuridza saka vanotyisa sezvo, muti, zera navasere kusvika makumi maviri. The bumbiro akabvumirwa uye rakanamwa maererano Senator Durnovos inodziya mashoko azere netariro yakajeka. Pakutanga, PC misangano vakanga akafanana mabhuku kirabhu Slavophile kunyengetedzwa.

Pane kuenda vakadzidza, machinda, vafundisi uye varidzi. Tinotanga tsika uye dzidzo zvinangwa. Zvisinei, pashure pokuchinja kwezvinhu 1905, kuburikidza mabasa ayo PC akarega kuita semamwe kuchinja mapato ari Russia mukutanga remakore rechi20. Akava rakajeka pravomonarhicheskoy.

basa

Pakutanga, PC sutu hurukuro mapepa uye Themed manheru. Misangano vakatora nzvimbo neChishanu uye vakanga vakazvipira enyika uye magariro matambudziko. Zvakanga dzakakurumbira uye "chaiko weMuvhuro". All kutanga "Friday" iri aidaro VV Komarov, asi dzakakurumbira uye vane vakatanga mumatsutso 1902, apo ivo vamire pamusoro Kuchibhotla Velichko.

Kubvira 1901, kuwedzera "Monday" uye "Chishanu" vakatanga vakaparadzana misangano (pano zvinokosha kucherechedza basa kumahombekombe dhipatimendi, sachigaro ne Professor A. M. Zolotarov, ipapo dhipatimendi ichi chakava yakazvimirira sangano "Russian nzanga pamuganhu"). Kubvira 1903, vachitungamirirwa Engelhardt akatowedzera yakakurumbira "chaiko Chipiri".

Nechekare muna 1901, "Russian Collection" vanopfuura chiuru vanhu, uye muna 1902 - anopfuura mazana matanhatu. basa Political aihuitira kuti, kubvira 1904, mambo panguva nenguva pasi zvikumbiro nekero kuvimbika, akaronga duku kumuzinda uye kuitwa mashoko pachaunga.

Mapoka panguva dzakasiyana graced nokuvapo kwake, Prince Golitsyn uye Volkonsky, Count Apraksin, Archpriest Bogolyubov, uyewo hapana zvishoma nomukurumbira vanhu - Engelhardt, Zolotarev, Mordvinians, Leontiev, Puryshev, Bulatov, Nicholas. The Emperor akatora RS nhume nechido. Kuchinja mapato, Nicholas II, zvinogona kunzi, aida uye aivimba navo.

RS uye echimurenga nenyonganyonga

Muna 1905 uye 1906, "Russian Collection" hapana chinokosha asina kuita, uye hapana chakaitika kwaari, pamwe Kusara post-echimurenga dzeraundi panorambidza panofanira enyika chero nenzanga youmambo varwi vehondo. Ipapo akarurama uye kuchinja mapato vakarasikirwa zhinji nhengo dzaro muvambi vakasiya PC - A. M. Zolotarov.

In February 1906 kuti RS sangano-Russian zvose Congress St. Petersburg. Kutaura zvazviri, bato "Russian Collection" kwaingova muna 1907, apo purogiramu weConservative Party uye Akave nokuvandudza bumbiro rakazoshandiswa. Zvino PC aigona vasanangurwa uye kusarudzwa kuHurumende Duma uye Council of State.

Hwaro chepurogiramu yaiva Mashoko: ". Orthodoxy, Autocracy, norudzi" No monarchist "Assembly Russian" Congress haina kubuda. Zvisinei, imwe enyika yakazvimirira bato vakakwanisa kuumba refu chaizvo nguva. Rokutanga uye rechipiri Duma mukana MS hakuna kupiwa, saka bato vakasarudza kumira musarudzo, nekusiyana - kuvhota nokuda yokunyanyisa kuruboshwe (Wandinyengedzerei ichi pamusoro Octobrists uye Cadets). Political chinzvimbo rwechitatu norwechina Dumas zvisiri akakurudzira vevatariri bloc pamwe centrists (Octo), uye kunyange vane mwero zvakanaka-bapiro nationalist mapati.

rinotsemuka

Kusvikira pakuguma 1908 mumusasa monarchist aitambudza chido, izvo kwakaguma mapoka masangano akawanda. Somuenzaniso, vachinetsana Purishkevich Dubrovin akatsemura "Union Vanhu Russian", pashure paiva "Union Arhangela Mihaila." Opinions ari RS iri rakakamurwa. Party vakatevera kupopotedzana, kutarisirwa uye rufu, asi kunyanya - bureaucratic zvakaora.

Pakazosvika 1914, RS vatungamiriri vakasarudza pamusoro kumhedziso depoliticization webato akaona redzidzo netsika wezwi nzira yakarurama kugadzirisa kusawirirana. Zvisinei, hondo kwakawedzera rifts muzvinhu zvose sezvo Markovtsev vaiva pakarepo mhedziso norugare Germany, uye vatsigiri Purishkevich - pamusoro nekusiyana, vanofanira hondo pakupopotedzana. Somugumisiro, kuna February Revolution "Russian Collection" chaparadza akararama richibatsira kwayo uye rava duku denderedzwa Slavophile mirayiridzo.

NRC

"Union Vanhu Russian" - nderimwe sangano rinomirira weConservative Party. The tafura rinoratidza sei pakutanga ramakumi remakore yakanga yakakwirira passionarnost - mhando dzose munzanga, vomunharaunda zvakawedzera kufanana howa mu yematsutso. NRC Party kwakatangwa muna 1905. mabasa ayo uye zvirongwa zvachose akamira chauvinistic uye kunyange zvakawanda - Anti-oukuru pfungwa monarchical pfungwa.

Orthodox radicalism kunyanya kusiyana maonero nhengo dzayo. NRC ave achishingaira inoshora ipi nokumukirana uye parliamentarism waitsigira kubatana uye indivisibility weRussia uye waitsigira vadyi zviito nezviremera uye vanhu vachava panguva mambo Advisory muviri. Sangano iri, Chokwadi, rakarambidzwa pakarepo mushure February Revolution, uye pamisi ichangobva kupfuura, muna 2005, iye akaedza kusikazve.

Zvaiitika

Russian urudzi haana oga munyika. The namapfumbamwe remakore kuchiratidzwa zvakapararira mapato nenyika. MuRussia, kushingaira enyika basa aigona kuitika chete panguva ezvinhu dambudziko, pashure pokukundwa muhondo pamwe vokuJapan, uye kupindana nokumukirana. Mambo chete akasarudza kutsigira chirongwa mapoka zvakarurama-bapiro munzanga.

First ipapo kwainzi pamusoro vapfumi sangano "Russian Assembly" yakanga chokuita nevanhu, uye intelligentsia remapazi ayo asina kuwanikwa yakakwana mhinduro. Sezvingatarisirwa, sangano yakadaro kudzivisa chimurenga vakasagona. Sezvo Zvisinei, uye mamwe mapato ezvematongerwo enyika - sunungukei, kuchinja. Vanhu havana aida rworudyi kana rworuboshwewo; masangano echimurenga.

"Union Vanhu Russian" inobatanidza chete inonyanya kwamachinda, iye idealized yaivapo Petrine nguva uye chete vakaziva miduku yokuruwa, vatengesi uye kwamachinda, siyana intelligentsia havana kuziva kana seboka kana sezvo marongera. Hurumende kosi SRL akatsoropodza nokuda kwezvikwereti dzakawanda vakazvitsaurira, vachifunga kuti nenzira iyi simba vanoparadza vanhu Russian.

NRC uye kutya

It akasikwa "Union Vanhu Russian" - huru kupfuura monarchical mibatanidzwa - iri kutanga vanhu vakawanda panguva imwe chete: chiremba Dubrovin, abbot Arseny uye mifananidzo Maikova. Akava musoro nhengo mu "Assembly Russian" Alexander Dubrovin. Akanga murongi akanaka, ane zvematongerwo inoshanda nesimba munhu. Iye nyore akamuka nekuonana nehurumende uye kutarisira uye nechokwadi vazhinji chete vakawanda uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika anogona kuponesa kuitika muitiro, zvakakodzera munzanga achabatwa uye vakawanda zviito uye munhu ugandanga.

Kuchinja Party remakore rechi20 vari kutanga kuita nokutya - raiva chinhu chitsva. Kunyange zvakadaro, sangano vakawana tsigiro yamarudzi ose: mapurisa, enyika uye zvemari. King akaropafadza NRC nomwoyo wose netariro kunyange nani kutya basa, izvo zvinoratidza mamwe kuchinja mapato muRussia.

Muna December 1905, musangano guru, apo paiva nevanhu vanenge makumi maviri nezviviri rakakudzwa Mikhailovsky Manege NRC. Chinoitirwa vakakurumbira vanhu - anozivikanwa monarchists, mabhishopi. Vanhu zvakaratidza kubatana uye nechido. "Union Vanhu Russian" rakabudiswa pepanhau "Russian Standard". Mambo akatora duku, uye vakateerera mashoko vakagamuchira zvipo kubva Union vatungamiri. Somuenzaniso, decals NRC nhengo vari mambo uye korona muchinda aipfeka nguva.

Zvichakadai, zvinoda NRC Anti-oukuru pogrom kudzokororwa zvakakwana vanhu mamiriyoni rubles vakagamuchira kubva Treasury. sangano iri rakakura kunonoka hombe, Regional nenhepfenyuro akazarurwa mumaguta zvinenge zvose chikuru hwacho, mwedzi mishoma - kupfuura matavi matanhatu.

Congress, mirau, chirongwa

Muna August 1906 Gwaro akabvumirwa ne NRC. Pane yaiva pfungwa inokosha bato, ayo purogiramu chiito uye pfungwa pakukura. Gwaro iri anonzi yakanakisisa pakati zvose Charter monarchical nzanga, nekuti paiva pfupi, akajeka uye zvinonyatsochengeta mune mashoko. Panguva iyoyo Congress akanga kuunganidzwa vatungamiriri kubva kumatunhu ose okuita uye centralize nayo.

The sangano wava muuto nokuda mamiriro matsva. All munhuwo nhengo dzebato akavuniwa akakwidzwa dzakawanda uye dzakawanda vakapfura pasi mazana nemazana - zviuru ukuwo, pamwe kuzviisa pasi ari gumi maneja uye navakuru tysyatskim. Organization zano rakadaro ndiko kukurumbira pakati vanhu vakanaka chaizvo. Kushingaira kunyanya monarchist sangano rakanga muKiev, uye guru chikamu NRC nhengo aigara Ukraine.

The Mikhailovsky Manege rumwe kupemberera pachiitiko rokugadza naro pakati mireza uye mureza wenyika NRC akauya chaizvo vairemekedza Ioann Kronshtadsky --All Russian baba, sezvo rainzi. Vakati welcome matauriro uye gare gare akatangawo NRC, uye kusvikira kumagumo aiva honorary nhengo Union.

Kuti adzivise nokumukirana uye kuramba kurongeka NRC akaramba akasvinurira kuzvidzivirira, kazhinji vakapakata. "The White Guard" kubva Odessa - chinokosha kukupfura anozivikanwa hurongwa hwakadaro. Nheyo paumbwe kuzvidzivirira - uto Cossack kubva Cossack mukuru, ataman uye vakuru. mafekitari All muMoscow uye St. Petersburg varipo varindi.

kurwara

By kwayo guruundano yechina NRC aiva wokutanga pakati Russian monarchist mapati. Akaita matavi kupfuura mapfumbamwe, uye vazhinji vakakokwa vaiva nhengo Union. Asi panguva iyoyo akatanga uye kuzvipokanidza pakati vatungamiriri. Purishkevich Dubrovin akaedza kubvisa nyaya uye nokukurumidza akaita izvozvo. Akakoromora pachake akazara wedzero uye basa sangano, vazhinji vatungamiri mapazi vemunzvimbo vane hapana asi Purishkevich kuteerera. Zvinonzi zvakare sei vazhinji havaoni of NRC.

Paiva tichinetsana vauya saka kure kuti sangano iri simba nokukurumidza akasvika pasina. Purishkevich akasika ake "zita Arhangela Mihaila Union" muna 1908, akabva kuna Moscow dhipatimendi NRC. Royal Manifesto October 17 pakupedzisira akatsemura NRC, sezvo inobatana Duma akanga akasiyana zvachose zvakasiyana. Zvino paiva gandanga chiito pamwe kupondwa munhu akakurumbira Duma mutevedzeri, kupomera vatsigiri Dubrovin uye pachake.

Petersburg Department of NRC muna 1909 Dubrovin nyore kubviswa simba, vachimusiya ane honorary nhengo iri Union, uye nokukurumidza anodzingwa nomumbiru ake ose neshamwari yake. Kusvikira 1912, Dubrovin aiedza kurwa nzvimbo pasi pezuva, asi aiziva kuti hapana aizodzoka, uye muna August vakanyorwa kuti bumbiro Dubrovinskogo Union, pashure iyo musimboti rimwe pashure perimwe uchigara emunharaunda mahofisi. Zvose izvi hazvina kuwedzera kutendeseka pakati NRC sangano uye pakupedzisira yakadhirika. Kuchinja Party (kurudyi) aiva nechokwadi chokuti hurumende akatora kutya panguva nesimba Union, uye rakakura basa rayo kwaitika airidza Stolypin pachake.

chipingaidzo

Zvokuti, kuti panguva sarudzo kuHurumende Duma, kuti NRC akaita chimwe chairema pamwe Octobrists. Naizvozvo vakaedza kakawanda recreate munhu monarchical sangano rakabatana, asi kubudirira pano hapana yasvika. Zvino February Revolution vakarambidza monarchist pati, akamutsa vatungamiri kutongwa. Izvi zvakateverwa yaOctober Revolution uye Dzvuku Kutya. Vakawanda NRC vatungamiri vakamirira rufu mumakore aya. Kuramba tichiyananiswa erasing zvose zvekare mukurwisana, White kufamba.

Vanyori venhoroondo Soviet vaiona NRC zvachose pechiFascist sangano, zvikuru yokufungidzira chitarisiko chazvo kuItaly. Kunyange nhengo NRC akanyora makore akawanda gare gare kuti "Union of People Russian" kwava nhoroondo aizotangira pakati Fascism (mumwe wavatungamiri - Mako 2, vakanyora pamusoro paro nokudada). W. Laqueur nechokwadi chokuti Black Mazana vave pamusoro hafu nzira kubva reactionary fambisa nemipfumbamwe remakore kune populist kurudyi (kureva, yechiFascist) mapato remakore rechimakumi maviri.