Kotelnikov Gleb Evgenevich - the muvambi of parachuti: Biography, nhoroondo kuvamba

Chimwe chikuru avhiyesheni zvigadzirwa - parachuti - vakasvika kuonga kutsunga uye zvinoitwa chete munhu mumwe - akagadzira-akadzidzisa Gleb Kotelnikov. Haana chete aifanira kugadzirisa zvakawanda kupfuura kuomerwa nguva yaro, zvekushandisa matambudziko, asi nguva refu kuti vabudirire kutanga vakawanda kweShanduro kununura pasuru.

makore okutanga

The ramangwana muvambi pamusoro parachuti Gleb Kotelnikov akaberekwa 18 (30) January 1872 kuSt Petersburg. baba vake aiva purofesa Mathematics pa Moscow University. Mhuri yose anofarira Ndimi: mumhanzi, kupenda uye mitambo. The imba rinowanzoshandiswa kufanorongwa mudzidzi zvesimba. Hazvishamisi kuti akanga asina vakabata parachuti muvambi sezvo mwana akarota kwechikuva.

Mukomana airidza kwazvo pamusoro piyano uye nezvimwe zviridzwa (balalaika, mandolin, gitare). Panguva iyoyowo, kuchiva izvi zvose hazvina kuvhiringidza Gleb kufarira magadzirirwo. Kubva pakuzvarwa akagamuchira yendarama maoko, iye nguva dzose chinhu unoita nekunhonga (somuenzaniso, mumakore 13 akakwanisa kuunganidza munhu kushanda kamera).

basa rekuita

Future, izvo pari akasarudza muvambi pamusoro parachuti achazviisa pashure nhamo yemhuri. Baba vakafa akashaya Gleb uye mwanakomana wake vaifanira kusiya hope ane Conservatory. Akaenda kuna Kiev atirari School. The jaya kudzidza pamwe chinokudza muna 1894 uye nokudaro akava mukuru. Izvi zvakateverwa nemakore matatu basa muchiuto. Pashure ndatomboenda pamudyandigere, Kotelnikov akava mukuru amachinda excise dhipatimendi. Muna 1899, akaroora ake pauduku musikana Yulii Volkovoy.

Muna 1910 imwe mhuri yaiva nevana vatatu vakatamira St. Petersburg. In guru, remangwana muvambi pamusoro parachuti akava mutambi panguva People House, akazvitorera pachikuva rekunyepedzera Glebov-Kotelnikov. St. Petersburg akamupa mikana mitsva uye kuti pave Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira mukana. All yapfuura makore Nugget akaramba pakuvaka panguva mudzidzi pamwero.

chitandadzo ndege

Mukutanga XX remakore kukura avhiyesheni. Mumaguta akawanda Russian, kusanganisira St. Petersburg, vave kuitwa kuratidzira Flights, iyo zvakajeka nevoruzhinji mubereko. Saka vava kuziva avhiyesheni uye remangwana muvambi pamusoro parachuti mukwende Gleb Kotelnikov. Kuva hwose hanya unyanzvi, aisagona vesa kufarira ndege.

Sezvineiwo, Kotelnikov akava unwitting uchapupu rufu rokutanga mutyairi wendege munhoroondo Russian avhiyesheni. Panguva vairatidzira ndege mutyairi Matsievich dzadonha pachigaro uye akafa, kurovanya pasi. Kumutevera pasi chinyakare uye kusagadzikana ndege.

Kudiwa munhu parachuti

The njodzi nechokuita Matsievich aiva chezvaizoitika kusachengeteka ari kutiza injini ndege yokutanga chaizvo. Kana munhu akaenda mumhepo, izvozvo akaisa pangozi upenyu hwake. dambudziko iri kwamuka pamberi ndege. Muzana XIX remakore pedyo zvisingagadziriswi vakatambura Balloons zvakafanana. Kana moto vanhu vakavharirwa. Havana kugona kusiya motokari pakutambudzika.

dambudziko iri zvinogona kugadziriswa chete nokugadzirwa yacho parachuti. The kuedza kutanga rwaiitwa kwazvo mukugadzirwa yaro West. Zvisinei, chinetso tichitarisa michina zvatariswa yave nguva zvakaoma naye. Kwemakore, avhiyesheni headway. Kutadza kupa rokuponesa upenyu-zvinovimbisa vezvikepe zvakakomba kudziviswa kukura rose aeronautics indasitiri. It akaenda chete nezano daredevils.

Kushanda nokugadzirwa

Pashure inosiririsa yechiitiko iri kuratidzwa Flights pamusoro Gleb Kotelnikov (uyo akazogadzira parachuti) akashandura furati ake vakapinda musangano wakakwana. Designer akanga nechido pfungwa kuumba kununura motokari yaizobatsira vezvikepe kurarama yendege. Chinonyanya kushamisa ndechokuti mudzidzi mutambi akatanga oga nokuti hwokugadzira dambudziko iri iro kwemakore akawanda pasina dzakarwa nyanzvi dzakawanda pasi pose.

Vose kuedza ivo vakatanga pakati parachuti Kotelnikov yaiitisa achizvibhadharira zvaanoda. Mari yakanga zvakasimba, kazhinji vaifanira skimp pamusoro akadzama. Makopi yokupona raanoziva zvikanyauka kites uye St. Petersburg padenga. Boilermakers akatora pamurwi mabhuku nhoroondo rinobururuka. Zvakaitika kwakaitika imwe pashure pomumwe. Zvishoma nezvishoma, muvambi akasvika muenzaniso configuration munguva yemberi kununurwa mari. Izvi aifanira kuva Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye lightweight parachuti. Vaduku Emerging, aigona kugara nemunhu uye kubatsira ari kupfuura ngozi nguva.

Technical nyaya

Kushandisa kukwana parachuti magadzirirwo akanga hwakazara kutadza zvakakura. Wokutanga ndiwo munogodorerei chaiyo mberi, uyo akanga achimirira mutyairi panguva mazibota kuburitsa. Naizvozvo Gleb Kotelnikov (uyo akazogadzira parachuti) akatsaurira nguva zvikuru pamasikiro kuturika hurongwa. naiyewo akanga kanoverengeka kuti Redo kuda. Kana ukashandisa isiri magadzirirwo kurarama raanoziva munhu anogona randomly tenderera mudenga.

Yake yokutanga womuenzaniso ndege mukwende parachuti muvambi vakatsvaka nezvidhori, mannequins. Sezvo akashandisa sirika jira. Kuitira kuti nyaya iyi yaigona pane yakachengeteka kukwira kudzikisa munhu pasi, zvakatora nesu pamusoro 50 mativi mamita rejira. First Kotelnikov akapeta parachuti kupinda headgear, asi varege kukodzera sirika zvikuru. The vavambi vava ane mhinduro dambudziko iri yepakutanga.

Pfungwa nebhegi

Zvichida zita muvambi ari parachuti yaizova yakasiyana kana Gleb Kotelnikov haana kufunga kugadzirisa dambudziko shangu kuti parachuti chaiwo mukwende. Kuti aenderane panyaya yake vakanga vakwira naye ane mufananidzo yepakutanga uye oma okurwadzisa basa. Pakupedzisira, muvambi akatanga kusika kumumvuri wokutanga. Panyaya iyi mukadzi akamubatsira.

Nokukurumidza, akanga agadzirira RC-1 (Russian - Kotelnikovsky). Inside the mukwende waiva rinokosha chesimbi pasherefu uye coils namatsime maviri. Boilermakers akaita mamiriro zvokuti rinogona kuvhurwa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Nokuti mutyairi uyu vaida chete kudhonza chaihwo tambo. Matsime mukati mukwende rakavhurika mazibota uye kuwa vakava muchechetere.

kupedza unobatwa

The parachuti ine 24 pamatende. Rose mazibota vakaenda nezvipfuramabwe, zvakanga zvakabatana chidzitiro anosungira. Ivo necheni nezvikokovonho pasi, inopfekwa munhu. Waiva gumi pakati muchiuno, papfudzi uye chipfuva ngaasungirire. Vakaitawo akapa zvishwe kuti tsoka. parachuti mudziyo kunoita mutyairi kudzora panguva anoburukira pasi.

Pazvakava pachena kuti yakagadzirwa richava budiriro iri avhiyesheni, Kotelnikov ainetseka pamusoro Copyright. Haana kuva bvumidzwa uye, naizvozvo, kumutorwa upi vakaona parachuti muzviito uye kunzwisisa misimboti kwayo kushanda, aigona kuba pfungwa. Kunetseka izvi zvakatungamirira Gleb Paton tama yokuedzwa yavo bofu Novgorod nzvimbo kuti zano mwanakomana muvambi. Kuti kwaizoedzwa yokupedzisira shanduro itsva kununura motokari.

Kutamburira kuti bvumidzwa

The zvinoshamisa nyaya nokugadzirwa of parachuti rakaramba August 10, 1911, apo Kotelnikov akanyora tsamba hwakadzama Bazi War. Akatsanangura hwokugadzira unhu zvinhu zvitsva zvose, uye akatsanangura kukosha kwayo Implementation muhondo uye vehurumende avhiyesheni. Zvechokwadi, chete kuwanda ndege yakawedzera, uye yava norufu itsva vakashinga vezvikepe.

Zvisinei, kutanga Nyquist tsamba kurasika. Zvava pachena zvino kuti muvambi vachafanira kubata anotyisa dzvuku tepi. Akatanga kuita pester Hondo Office uye makomisheni siyana. Pakupedzisira Gleb E. dzakatanga Committee of yakagadzirwa. Zvisinei, functionaries redhipatimendi ichi vakaramba pfungwa akagadzira. Vakaramba kupa mvumo, kufunga nokugadzirwa maturo.

ndangariro

Mushure kukundikana pamba Kotelnikov akaita pamutemo kunyoresa kuvamba yake France. The-refu akamirirwa chiitiko kwakaitika March 20, 1912. Akabva vakakwanisa kuronga Kazhinji bvunzo, iyo akapindwa vezvikepe uye nevamwe vanhu vaibatanidzwa vechiduku Russian avhiyesheni. Vakapfuura June 6, 1912 mumusha Salyuzi pedyo St. Petersburg. Pakafa Gleb Paton guta iri zita rokuti Kotelnikovo.

June mangwanani pamberi kushamiswa voruzhinji mutyairi wendege chibharuma akagura kuguma loop, uye mannequin zvikuru yakarovedzwa vakatanga kuwira pasi. Vateereri vakatarisa zvaiitika mumhepo nokubatsirwa mabhainokura. Mushure masekondi mashoma ari mashandiro rakashanda, uye mudenga akawira rakavhurika rising. Pazuva iroro hakuna mhepo, riri sei mannequin tikamira zvakanaka netsoka dzake, uye akamira kuti masekondi mashoma, akawa. Shure kwaizvozvo voruzhinji Muedzo yose nyika vakadzidza kuti vakatanga avhiyesheni mukwende parachuti.

Misa Kugadzirwa parachutes

dzakatevedzana kugadzirwa RC-1 yakatanga muna France muna 1913. Kudiwa parachutes yakawedzera yakaronga pashure nokukurumidza War World First. The Russian kununurwa Kits Paidiwa kuti vezvikepe ndege "Ilya Muromets". Zvadaro kwemakore akawanda RK-1 akaramba chinokosha muSoviet Air Force.

Apo Bolshevik hurumende Kotel'nikov akaramba kuita okunatsiridza yaro yepakutanga kuvamba. Akashanda pamwe Zhukovsky, kugovana aerodynamic rabhoritari yavo. achisvetukasvetuka ruzivo pamwe parachutes bvunzo mienzaniso vava vakawanda chinoshamisa - Ivo pamusana akawandisa vaoni. Muna 1923, pakava muenzaniso RC-2. Gleb Kotelnikov akaita ndakavapa ine Semi-nyoro bhegi. Izvi zvakateverwa munhu okunatsiridza shoma. Parachutes akava nyore uye inoshanda.

Panguva imwe chete ake Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira basa Kotelnikov wakayeriswa nguva yakawanda kubatsira zvinobhururuka kirabhu. Iye zvokuita, aiva nomufambi Mueni yemitambo munharaunda. At makore 55 pazera nokuda muvambi amira kuedza. All nhaka yake akapa Soviet State. Nokuti vakawanda kubudirira Nyquist akanga paakavapa hurongwa Red Star.

Zvaakanga basa, Kotel'nikov akaramba achigara kuchamhembe guru. Akanyora mabhuku uye mabhuku. Hondo Yenyika II yakatanga, akwegura uye zvishoma kuona Gleb E. Zvisinei, vakatora Zvinoshingaira musangano mhepo kudzivirira Leningrad. Blockade yechando uye nzara akabata chikuru kurwadzisa utano hwake. Nyquist akabviswa kuMoscow, uko akafa musi November 22, 1944. Famous muvambi akavigwa Novodevichy Cemetery.