Askold uye DIR - machinda asinganzwisisiki kuti Kiev

Nhoroondo Russia yekare rinoramba hwakawanda zvakavanzwa. Rimwe zvakavandika izvi - machinda Kiev rokutanga, zvatinoziva sezvo Askold uye DIR. Ndivanaani vaiva pedyo mavambo, vaibvepi, uyo aiva mumwe? Kana pamwe yaiva zvose mumwe munhu?

Edza kunzwisisa, uchitsanangura vanhuwo shanduro, uyewo akawanda zviitiko nzira kuti kubvumira dzekare, kwakavakirwa chaizvo chaizvo chokwadi.

The pamutemo Version

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Askold uye DIR dzaimbova VaViking - Russ, sezvo vakanga vakadamwa. Vakanga vasina ukama raitonga muchinda Rurik, asi kungotaura kwayo "vanokudzwa." Apo Rurik akagara Novgorod, akatanga kuparadzira guta Russian pakati ake vanhu dzapedyo. Saka DIR uye Askold oregera kuenda kumaodzanyemba kunotsvaka nzvimbo yakakodzera bhodhi. Vaya achiburuka Dnieper pasi, akaona kubwinya guta Kiev, apo kundoongororwa akararama. Askold uye DIR vakasarudza kugara ikoko uye akazviti mutongi.

Vakavimbika vanhu, tsika dzomunharaunda uye chitendero. Mutero kuruboshwe nenguva chechetere. Uyezve, sezvo paine varwi kuchamhembe, vari kuzivikanwa munyaya zvechiuto uye akauya pamwe neboka zvakanaka-zvombo. Saka, vanhu Kiev haana yakasarudza kupandukira uye chinyararire vakagamuchira vatongi vavo idzva.

Around makore 860-866 Askold uye DIR vakaita chinzvimbo ruchirwisana Constantinople. Kudzivirira guta renyu kubva ngwizhingwi Russes, anotonga Mambo Michael III akasarudza kugumisa hondo pamwe navaArabhu, uye akakurumidza kudzokera guru.

machinda Kievan akauya pasi masvingo Constantinople, achitungamirira anoyevedza zvikepe mazana maviri. Vakakurumidza uye zvinobudirira vakapamba namafuro akakomba guta. Over guru Byzantine Empire vakanangana mungozi chaiye kukunda. Ipapo Mambo Michael uye Patriarch Photius akatanga kunyengetera Chokudzivirira pakati nyika yechiKristu. Pakarepo gungwa akasimuka dutu rinotyisa, ayo akatsvaira ndokuparadza zvehondo zvikepe Russes. Constantinople akaponeswa nokutungamirira kwaMwari.

Askold uye DIR dzakamanikidzwa kugumisa rugare sungano Byzantium uye asarudza kubhabhatidzwa kupinda chiKristu.

Muna 879, akafa muna Novgorod muchinda Rurik, zvichisiya mugari wenhaka kwevacheche mwanakomana Igor uye muchengeti wake - yake, uyo anozivikanwa sezvo Wouprofita Oleg. Akasarudza kutora simba, kwete chete pamusoro kuchamhembe, asiwo pamusoro kumaodzanyemba nyika, saka inounganidzwa kubva Slavs uye VaViking zvinoorora hondo uye chichamuendesa zasi. Akateerera, uye yekare Smolensk Ljubech. Pasina Oleg vakauya Kiev.

Ainyatsoziva kuti machinda Kievan ane simba kukupfura, uye achadzivirirwa kuitira kusarega simba. Naizvozvo Wouprofita Oleg akasarudza kuita oumhizha. Iye akasiya huru mauto ake vavandire, uye iye akapfuura amene kuva mushambadzi rugare uye akakoka Askold uye DIR kuti basa ravo Nhaurirano. Avo zvakanaka kuenda kumusangano, asi vakanga vakakomba pamahombekombe reuto kukupfura. Maererano "zvakaedza zvekare Years", Oleg akaenda kuti wakakwidzwa machinda akavaraira kuti havasi kuzivikanwa nomutsa uye nounyengeri kutonga vanhu. Zvadaro akaonesa kuti muduku Igor uye akati: "Kuti muchinda, mwanakomana Rurik kwakaita!"

Askold uye DIR vakaurayiwa pakarepo. Murwi pamwe zvasara Askold achiri pamire mawere kumahombekombe Dnieper, uye madota DIR refu akazorora pedyo chechi St. Irene.

Saka Oleg akatanga kutonga muna Kiev pamusoro akamirira Igor. Ndiye akazivisa Kiev mai maguta Russian, nzvimbo dzacho Russian. Muna 882, yokutanga nguva dzose kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba vakanga vakabatana pasi muchinda mumwe.

Iyi yepamutemo shanduro zviitiko. Asi vanyori vezvakaitika kare vari kufunga zvakasiyana nzira inobva tikaenzanisa yaMakoronike siyana uye ngano.

mikana kare

Somuenzaniso, pane kusawirirana pamusoro pemavambo Askold uye DIR. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti Askold aiva Slav uye zvakananga wedzinza DIR. Zvisinei, vamwe, chete zvikanzi Deere necheSalvic mavambo uye omurume basa, uye Askold tenda mweni uye Voivod.

Ancient Byzantine manyuko kurondedzera pokurwa Rousseau makore 866 ari anowanzozi muchinda mumwe chete, saka zvingangodaro kuti Askold uye DIR - mumwe chete munhu, asi VaViking Askold zita romusere rokuti DIR. Translated kubva Old Odin mutauro Deere aireva "Chikara", izvo zvinogona kuva remadunhu-, rokuremekedza.

Zvisinei, kana, nechivimbo kuvabata sezvo vaviri vakaparadzana vanhu, zviri zvikuru musoro kufunga kuti Askold uye DIR akatonga panguva dzakasiyana, uye muna zvakaedza yakapfuura Years artificially aibatanidza mune co-vatongi. Sahwira aigona sangana navo nenzira inonzwisisika sezvo vatongi vaviri vasiri. Vanyori venhau inoshamisa chokwadi kuti machinda maviri vakaurayiwa panguva imwecheteyo, maererano neMagwaro, akavigwa munzvimbo dziri kure dzakadai kubva mumwe. A ioachim Chronicle rinoti Oleg akauraya chete muchinda mumwe - Askold uye DIR, apo zita haadudzwi.

Kana tikaenzanisa kakawanda zvenhoroondo dzekare, zvinova zvikuru pachena kuti Deere aiva mubati Kiev wokutanga uye akararama pakutanga uye pezana remakore rechi9, uye Askold akava mutsivi uye knyazhestvoval yechipiri yezana remakore rechi9.

Sezvataona, iri munhoroondo Kievan anofambisa hazvitaurwi ezvinhu akawanda, ayo zvakasimba kuvanzwa edu munhoroondo refu. isu kukanganisika navo rimwe zuva?